Download Holiday Packet 2

Holiday Packet 2
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The graph illustrates a single species of bacteria grown at various pH levels.
____
1. Which statement is supported by data from this graph?
a. All species of bacteria can grow well at pH 7.
b. This type of bacterium would grow well at pH 7.5.
c. This type of bacterium would grow well at pH 2.
d. Other types of bacteria can grow well at pH 4.
____
2. A student hypothesized that lettuce seeds would not sprout (germinate) unless they were exposed to
darkness. The student planted 10 lettuce seeds under a layer of soil and scattered 10 lettuce seeds on
top of the soil. The data collected are shown in the table.
a. conclude that darkness is necessary for lettuce seed germination
b. conclude that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination
c. revise the hypothesis
d. repeat the experiment
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____
____
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3. The graph represents data obtained from an experiment on starch digestion. Which statement best
describes point A and point B on the graph?
a. The concentration of sugars is greater at point A than it is at point B.
b. The concentration of sugars is greater at point B than it is at point A.
c. The starch concentration is the same at point A as it is at point B.
d. The starch concentration is greater at point B than it is at point A.
4. A slide of human blood cells was observed in focus under the low-power objective of a compound
light microscope that had clean lenses. When the microscope was switched to high power, the image
was dark and fuzzy. Which parts of the microscope should be used to correct this situation?
a. nosepiece and coarse adjustment
c. objective and fine adjustment
b. diaphragm and ocular
d. diaphragm and fine adjustment
5. The diagram represents a petri dish containing nutrient agar. A single bacterial colony is growing on
the surface of the agar. A mold, represented by the shaded area, is also growing on the agar surface.
Which statement best explains why no mold is growing in the white area next to the bacterial
colony?
a. The mold cannot use the nutrient agar for food.
b. The bacteria may release a substance that prevents mold growth.
c. The mold is causing the bacterial colony to reproduce faster.
d. The bacteria are scavengers of the growing mold.
6. A biologist reported success in breeding a tiger with a lion, producing healthy offspring. Other
biologists will accept this report as fact only if
a. research shows that other animals can be crossbred
b. the offspring are given a scientific name
c. the biologist included a control in the experiment
d. other researchers can replicate the experiment
____
____
____
7. As the depth of the ocean increases, the amount of light that penetrates to that depth decreases. At
about 200 meters, little, if any, light is present. The graph illustrates the population size of four
different species at different water depths. What species most likely performs photosynthesis.
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
8. A student observes that an organism is green. A valid conclusion that can be drawn from this
observation is that
a. the organism must be a plant
b. the organism cannot be single celled
c. the organism must be an animal
d. not enough information is given to determine whether the organism is a plant or an
animal
9. Why do scientists consider any hypothesis valuable?
a. A hypothesis requires no further investigation.
b. A hypothesis may lead to further investigation even if it is disproved by the
experiment.
c. A hypothesis requires no further investigation if it is proved by the experiment.
d. A hypothesis can be used to explain a conclusion even if it is disproved by the
experiment.
____ 10. The diagram shows a portion of a graduated cylinder. What is the volume of the liquid in this
cylinder?
a. 22 mL
b. 24 mL
c. 25 mL
d. 26 mL
____ 11. A peppered moth and part of a metric ruler are represented in the diagram. Which row in the chart
best represents the ratio of body length to wingspan of the peppered moth?
a. row 1
c. row 3
b. row 2
d. row 4
____ 12. The graph shows the different concentrations of female reproductive hormones A, B, C, and D over
a 28-day cycle. Although the data used to make this graph was originally entered in a data table,
most scientists prefer to see the information in the form of a graph because
a. the information in a graph is more accurate than the information in a data table.
b. it is easier to see relationships between variables in a graph than in a data table.
c. it is possible to put more information in a graph than in a data table.
d. only graphs can be used to predict future trends.
____ 13. What is the volume of the liquid in the graduated cylinder shown?
a. 23 mL
c. 27 mL
b. 26 mL
d. 28 mL
____ 14. A science researcher is reviewing another scientist’s experiment and conclusion. The reviewer
would most likely consider the experiment invalid if
a. the sample size produced a great deal of data
b. other individuals are able to duplicate the results
c. it contains conclusions not explained by the evidence given
d. the hypothesis was not supported by the data obtained
____ 15. A student was comparing preserved specimens of three plant species, X, Y, and Z, in a classroom.
Which statement is an example of an observation the student could have made and not an inference?
a. The leaves produced by plant X are 4 cm across and 8 cm in length.
b. Plant Y has large purple flowers that open at night.
c. Plant X produces many seeds that are highly attractive to finches.
d. The flowers of plant Z are poisonous to household pets.
____ 16. Research applications of the basic principles of genetics have contributed greatly to the rapid
production of new varieties of plants and animals. Which activity is an example of such an
application?
a. testing new fertilizers on food crops
b. selective breeding of plants and animals that exhibit high resistance to disease
c. developing new irrigation methods to conserve water
d. using natural predators to control insect pests
____ 17. Communities have attempted to control the size of mosquito populations to prevent the spread of
certain diseases such as malaria and encephalitis. Which control method is most likely to cause the
least ecological damage?
a. draining the swamps where mosquitoes breed
b. spraying swamps with chemical pesticides to kill mosquitoes
c. spraying oil over swamps to suffocate mosquito larvae
d. increasing populations of native fish that feed on mosquito larvae in the swamps
____ 18. The diagram represents events involved as energy is ultimately released from food. Which row in the
table best represents the chain of Xs and letters A and B in the diagram?
a. row 1
c. row 3
b. row 2
d. row 4
____ 19. Which row in the chart contains correct information concerning synthesis?
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
____ 20. What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram?
a. carbohydrates
c. carbon dioxide
b. ozone
d. water
____ 21. Information concerning a metabolic activity is shown. Substance X is most likely
a. DNA.
c. ATP.
b. oxygen.
d. chlorophyll.
____ 22. The diagram represents a beaker containing a solution of various molecules involved in digestion.
Which structures represent products of digestion?
a. A and D
c. B and E
b. B and C
d. D and E
____ 23. In plants, simple sugars are least likely to be
a. linked together to form proteins
b. broken down into carbon dioxide and water
c. used as a source of energy
d. stored in the form of starch molecules
____ 24. The diagram represents a series of reactions that can occur in an organism. This diagram best
illustrates the relationship between
a. enzymes and synthesis
c. antigens and immunity
b. amino acids and glucose
d. ribosomes and sugars
____ 25. Which condition is necessary for enzymes and hormones to function properly in the human body?
a. These chemicals must have a specific shape.
b. These chemicals must be able to replicate.
c. Body temperature must be above 40°C.
d. Body pH must be above 10.
____ 26. The graph illustrates the relative amounts of product formed by the action of an enzyme in a solution
with a pH of 6 at seven different temperatures. Which statement best expresses the amount of
product that will be formed at each temperature if the experiment is repeated at a pH of 4?
a. The amount of product formed will be equal to that produced at pH 6.
b. The amount of product formed will be greater than that produced at pH 6.
c. The amount of product formed will be less than that produced at pH 6.
d. The amount of product formed can not be accurately predicted.
____ 27. Which statement concerning proteins is not correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Proteins are long, usually folded, chains.
The shape of a protein molecule determines its function.
Proteins can be broken down and used for energy.
Proteins are bonded together, resulting in simple sugars.
____ 28. Which order of metabolic processes converts nutrients consumed by an organism into cell parts?
a. digestion
absorption
circulation
diffusion
synthesis
b. absorption
circulation
digestion
diffusion
synthesis
c. digestion
synthesis
diffusion
circulation
absorption
d. synthesis
absorption
digestion
diffusion
circulation
____ 29. In an autotrophic organism, substance B functions as a
a. source of energy
c. vitamin
b. hormone
d. biotic resource
The diagram represents a cell associated with coordination.
____ 30. Structure X would be involved in the
a. storage of digestive enzymes
b. absorption of energy from the Sun
c. development of pathogens
d. synthesis of proteins
____ 31. Two types of human cells are shown in the diagram. Cell A causes the cells at B to contract. This
activity would be most useful for
a.
b.
c.
d.
lifting a book from a bookshelf
coordinating the functions of organelles
digesting food in the small intestine
carrying out the process of protein synthesis
____ 32. Which sequence represents the correct order of levels of organization found in a complex organism?
a. cells
organelles
organs
organ systems
tissues
b. tissues
organs
organ systems
organelles
cells
c. organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
d. organs
organ systems
cells
tissues
organelles
____ 33. In the diagram of a single-celled organism shown, the arrows indicate various activities taking place.
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
____ 37.
Which systems perform these same activities in humans?
a. digestive, circulatory, and immune
b. excretory, respiratory, and reproductive
c. respiratory, excretory, and digestive
d. respiratory, nervous, and endocrine
Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on
this observation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells in athletes
a. have a smaller demand for cell proteins than the muscle cells of nonathletes.
b. reproduce less frequently than the muscle cells of nonathletes.
c. have nuclei containing more DNA than nuclei in the muscle cells of nonathletes.
d. have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of nonathletes.
Which statement concerning simple sugars and amino acids is correct?
a. They are both wastes resulting from protein synthesis.
b. They are both building blocks of starch.
c. They are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules.
d. They are both stored as fat molecules in the liver.
In a cell, information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to the
a. cell membrane.
c. mitochondria.
b. chloroplasts.
d. ribosomes.
In the human pancreas, acinar cells produce digestive enzymes and beta cells produce insulin. The
best explanation for this is that
a. a mutation occurs in the beta cells to produce insulin when the sugar level
increases in the blood.
b. different parts of an individual’s DNA are used to direct the synthesis of different
proteins in different types of cells.
c. lowered sugar levels cause the production of insulin in acinar cells to help maintain
homeostasis.
d. the genes in acinar cells came from one parent while the genes in beta cells came
from the other parent.
____ 38. The diagram represents a portion of an organic molecule. This molecule controls cellular activity by
directing the synthesis of
a. carbohydrates
b. minerals
c. fats
d. proteins
____ 39. The diagram illustrates the movement of materials involved in a process that is vital for the energy
needs of organisms. The process illustrated occurs within
a. chloroplasts
c. ribosomes
b. mitochondria
d. vacuoles
____ 40. Some human body cells are shown in the diagrams. These groups of cells represent different
a. tissues in which similar cells function together.
b. organs that help to carry out a specific life activity.
c. systems that are responsible for a specific life activity.
d. organelles that carry out different functions
____ 41. Which statement best compares a multicellular organism to a single-celled organism?
a. A multicellular organism has organ systems that interact to carry out life functions,
while a single-celled organism carries out life functions without using organ
systems.
b. A single-celled organism carries out fewer life functions than each cell of a
multicellular organism.
c. A multicellular organism always obtains energy through a process that is different
from that used by a single-celled organism.
d. The cell of a single-celled organism is always much larger than an individual cell
of a multicellular organism.
In a class, each student made three models of the small intestine using three artificial membrane
tubes. They filled each of the three tubes with equal amounts of water, starch, protein, and vitamin
C. They added starch digesting enzyme to tube 1. They added protein-digesting enzyme to tube 2.
No enzyme was added to tube 3. The ends of the membrane tubes were sealed and the tubes were
soaked for 24 hours in beakers of pure water. The beakers were numbered 1, 2, and 3, corresponding
to the number of the tube they contained. At the end of the experiment, the students removed the
tubes and tested the water in the beakers for the presence of nutrients.
____ 42. Sugar would most likely be present in the water in
a. beaker 1, only.
c. beakers 1 and 3, only.
b. beaker 2, only.
d. beakers 1, 2, and 3.
____ 43. Molecule X moves across a cell membrane by diffusion. Which row in the chart best indicates the
relationship between the relative concentrations of molecule X and the use of ATP for diffusion?
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
____ 44. Nerve cells are essential to an animal because they directly provide
a. communication between cells
b. transport of nutrients to various organs
c. regulation of reproductive rates within other cells
d. an exchange of gases within the body
____ 45. In the diagram, the dark dots indicate small molecules. These molecules are moving out of the cells,
as indicated by the arrows. The number of dots inside and outside of the two cells represents the
relative concentrations of the molecules inside and outside of the cells. ATP is being used to move
the molecules out of the cell by
a. cell A, only
c. both cell A and cell B
b. cell B, only
d. neither cell A nor cell B
____ 46. An enzyme and four different molecules are shown in the diagram. The enzyme would most likely
affect reactions involving
a. molecule A, only
c. molecules B and D
b. molecule C, only
d. molecules A and C
____ 47. When a person does strenuous exercise, small blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface of the skin
increase in diameter. This change allows the body to be cooled. These statements best illustrate
a. synthesis
c. excretion
b. homeostasis
d. locomotion
____ 48. The arrows in the diagram indicate the movement of materials into and out of a single-celled
organism. The movements indicated by all the arrows are directly involved in
a. the maintenance of homeostasis.
c. excretion, only.
b. photosynthesis, only.
d. the digestion of minerals.
____ 49. Which statement best describes the diagram?
a. Nerve cell X is releasing receptor molecules.
b. Nerve cell Y is signaling nerve cell X.
c. Nerve cell X is attaching to nerve cell Y.
d. Nerve cell Y contains receptor molecules for substance A.
____ 50. An investigation was set up to study the movement of water through a membrane. The results are
shown in the diagram. Based on these results, which statement correctly predicts what will happen to
red blood cells when they are placed in a beaker containing a water solution in which the salt
concentration is much higher than the salt concentration in the red blood cells?
a. The red blood cells will absorb water and increase in size.
b. The red blood cells will lose water and decrease in size.
c. The red blood cells will first absorb water, then lose water and maintain their
normal size.
d. The red blood cells will first lose water, then absorb water, and finally double in
size.
____ 51. Antibody molecules and receptor molecules are similar in that they both
a. control transport through the cell membrane
b. have a specific shape related to their specific function
c. remove wastes from the body
d. speed up chemical reactions in cells
____ 52. The graph shows the relative concentrations of different ions inside and outside of an animal cell.
Which process is directly responsible for the net movement of K+ and Mg++ into the animal cell?
a. electrophoresis
c. active transport
b. diffusion
d. circulation
____ 53. Which structures in diagram I and diagram II carry out a similar life function?
a. 1 and C
c. 3 and A
b. 2 and D
d. 4 and B
____ 54. A process that occurs in the human body is represented in the diagram. Which statement is most
closely associated with the diagram?
a. Small molecules are obtained from large molecules during digestion.
b. Certain molecules are replicated by means of a template.
c. Receptor molecules play an important role in communication between cells.
d. Energy from nutrients is utilized for waste disposal.
____ 55. The diagram represents a laboratory setup used by a student during an investigation of diffusion.
Which statement best explains why the liquid in tube A will rise over a period of time?
a. The starch concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane.
b. The water will pass from a region of lower starch concentration to one of higher
starch concentration.
c. Water and starch volumes are the same in both tubes A and B.
d. The fluids in both tubes A and B will change from a higher temperature to a lower
temperature.
The table contains information about glucose production in a species of plant that lives in the water of a salt
marsh.
____ 56. At which temperature would the plants most likely use the greatest amount of carbon dioxide?
a. 10ºC
c. 30ºC
b. 20ºC
d. 40ºC
____ 57. How much oxygen will plants that live in water at 10ºC most likely produce?
a. twice the amount of oxygen produced at 20ºC
b. the same amount of oxygen produced at 40ºC
c. the most oxygen produced at any temperature
d. more oxygen than is produced at 30ºC
The diagram represents one metabolic activity of a human.
____ 58. Letters A and B are best represented by which row in the chart?
a. row 1
c. row 3
b. row 2
d. row 4
____ 59. Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose?
a. diffusion
c. respiration
b. photosynthesis
d. active transport
____ 60. In heterotrophs, energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of
a. water molecules
c. organic compounds
b. oxygen molecules
d. inorganic compounds
____ 61. A single-celled organism is represented in the diagram. An activity is indicated by the arrow. If this
____ 62.
____ 63.
____ 64.
____ 65.
____ 66.
activity requires the use of energy, which substance would be the source of this energy?
a. DNA
c. a hormone
b. ATP
d. an antibody
Organisms that have the ability to use an atmospheric gas to produce an organic nutrient are known
as
a. herbivores.
c. carnivores.
b. decomposers.
d. autotrophs.
Which process usually uses carbon dioxide molecules?
a. cellular respiration
c. active transport
b. asexual reproduction
d. autotrophic nutrition.
In the body of a human, the types of chemical activities occurring within cells are most dependent on
the
a. biological catalysts present
b. size of the cell
c. number of chromosomes in the cell
d. kind of sugar found on each chromosome
Plants in areas with short growing seasons have more chloroplasts in their cells than plants in areas
with longer growing seasons. Compared to plants in areas with longer growing seasons, plants in
areas with shorter growing seasons most likely
a. make and store food more quickly.
c. grow taller.
b. have a higher rate of protein
d. have a different method of respiration.
metabolism.
The interaction between guard cells and a leaf opening would not be involved in
a. diffusion of carbon dioxide
c. heterotrophic nutrition
b. maintaining homeostasis
d. feedback mechanisms
____ 67. The green aquatic plant represented in the diagram was exposed to light for several hours. Which gas
____ 68.
____ 69.
____ 70.
____ 71.
____ 72.
would most likely be found in the greatest amount in the bubbles?
a. oxygen
c. ozone
b. nitrogen
d. carbon dioxide
The production of energy-rich ATP molecules is the direct result of
a. recycling light energy to be used in the process of photosynthesis
b. releasing the stored energy of organic compounds by the process of respiration
c. breaking down starch by the process of digestion
d. copying coded information during the process of protein synthesis
An enzyme known as rubisco enables plants to use large amounts of carbon dioxide. This enzyme is
most likely active in the
a. nucleus
c. mitochondria
b. vacuoles
d. chloroplasts
Starch molecules present in a maple tree are made from materials that originally entered the tree
from the external environment as
a. enzymes
c. amino acids
b. simple sugars
d. inorganic compounds
The dissolved carbon dioxide in a lake is used directly by
a. autotrophs
c. fungi
b. parasites
d. decomposers
Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato is composed of molecules that originally entered
these cells as
a. enzymes
c. amino acids
b. simple sugars
d. minerals
____ 73. The diagram represents a cell organelle involved in the transfer of energy from organic compounds.
The arrows in the diagram could represent the release of
a. ATP from a chloroplast carrying out photosynthesis
b. oxygen from a mitochondrion carrying out photosynthesis
c. glucose from a chloroplast carrying out respiration
d. carbon dioxide from a mitochondrion carrying out respiration
____ 74. Which process illustrates a feedback mechanism in plants?
a. Chloroplasts take in more nitrogen, which increases the rate of photosynthesis.
b. Chloroplasts release more oxygen in response to a decreased rate of
photosynthesis.
c. Guard cells change the size of leaf openings, regulating the exchange of gases.
d. Guard cells release oxygen from the leaf at night.
____ 75. An experimental setup is shown in the diagram. Which hypothesis would most likely be tested using
this setup?
a. Green water plants release a gas in the presence of light.
b. Roots of water plants absorb minerals in the absence of light.
c. Green plants need light for cell division.
d. Plants grow best in the absence of light.
____ 76. Which activity most directly involves the process represented in the diagram?
a. a gamete reproducing sexually
b. a white blood cell engulfing bacteria
c. a zygote being produced in an ovary
d. an animal repairing damaged tissue
____ 77. Which statements best describe the relationship between the terms chromosomes, genes, and nuclei?
a. Chromosomes are found on genes. Genes are found in nuclei.
b. Chromosomes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in genes.
c. Genes are found on chromosomes. Chromosomes are found in nuclei.
d. Genes are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in chromosomes.
____ 78. Which statement is true of both mitosis and meiosis?
a. Both are involved in asexual reproduction.
b. Both occur only in reproductive cells.
c. The number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
d. DNA replication occurs before the division of the nucleus.
____ 79. The diagram illustrates the process of cell division. What is the significance of anaphase in this
process?
a. Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cell.
b. Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes
as the parent cell.
c. In anaphase, the cell splits in half.
d. In anaphase, the DNA is being replicated.
____ 80. The diagram represents single-celled organism A dividing by mitosis to form cells B and C. Cells A,
B, and C all produced protein X. What can best be inferred from this observation?
a. Protein X is found in all organisms.
b. The gene for protein X is found in single celled organisms, only.
c. Cells A, B, and C ingested food containing the gene to produce protein X.
d. The gene to produce protein X was passed from cell A to cells B and C