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Chapter 19 Study Guide -
BACTERIA and VIRUSES
NAME________________________
BACTERIA
1. What are the characteristics of prokaryotes that cause them to be grouped together in
The former Kingdom called Monera?
2. How does the size of prokaryotes compare to the size of eukaryotes?
3. How are Eubacteria different from Archebacteria?
4. In prokaryotes what is the function of the cell wall?
5. What is inside the cell wall of a prokaryote?
6. What do some bacteria have on the outside covering the cell wall?
7. What are methanogens? Where do they live?
8. Label the parts of the following typical prokaryote?
9. What are the three different shapes of prokarotes?
10. What are the two different types of cell walls in prokarotes?
11.
How do some prokaryotes move?
12. Complete the following table about prokaryotes and the way they obtain energy:
Group
Description
Organism that carries out photosynthesis in a manner similar to
plants
Chemoautotroph
Organism that takes in organic molecules and then breaks them down
Photoheterotroph
13. How do chemoautotrophs obtain energy?
14. Complete the table about prokaryotes classified by the way they release energy:
Group
Description
Organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen
Obligate anaerobes
Facultative anaerobes
15. What occurs in the process of binary fission?
16. What occurs during conjugation?
17. What is an endospore?
18. How do decomposers help the ecosystem recycle nutrients when a tree dies?
19. Why do plants and animals need nitrogen?
20. How does nitrogen fixation help plants?
21. How can bacteria be used to clean up an oil spill?
VIRUSES:
1. What are viruses?
2. What do all viruses have in common?
3. Label each of the viruses below:
4. What is the size of a virus compared to a prokaryote?
5. How does a typical virus get into a cell?
6. What occurs when viruses get inside of cells?
7. Why are most viruses highly specific to the cells they infect?
8. What are bacteriophages?
9. What is a retrovirus?
10. Why do some biologists NOT consider viruses to be alive?
DISEASES
1. What are pathogens?
2. What are the TWO general ways that bacteria cause disease?
3. What are antibiotics?
4. Give a major reason for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the past two centuries?
5. What is sterilization?
6. Why will food stored at low temperatures keep longer?
7. How can food be preserved through canning?
8. What everyday chemicals can be used to inhibit the growth of bacteria in food?
9. What are some human diseases that are caused by viruses?
10. What are cancer-causing viruses known as?
11. What is a disease-causing particle that contains only a protein and not DNA or RNA?
12. Name a disease caused by the particle in #11?