Download Glossary of Key Terms in Chapter Two

Denniston, 7e
Glossary of Key Terms in Chapter Twelve
alcohol (12.1) an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an alkyl group.
carbinol carbon (12.4) in an alcohol, the carbon to which the hydroxyl group is attached.
dehydration (of alcohols) (12.5) a reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule; e.g., the loss of
water from an alcohol and the concomitant formation of an alkene.
disulfide (12.9) an organic compound that contains the disulfide group (-S-S-).
elimination reaction (12.5) a reaction in which a molecule loses atoms or ions from its structure.
ether (12.8) an organic compound that contains two alkyl and/or aryl groups attached to an oxygen atom;
R-O-R, Ar-O-R, and Ar-O-Ar.
fermentation (12.3) the anaerobic (in the absence of oxygen) metabolism or degradation of glucose by
microorganisms.
hydration (of alkenes) (12.5) a reaction in which water is added to a molecule; e.g., the addition of water
to an alkene to form an alcohol.
hydroxyl group (12.1) the -OH functional group.
oxidation (of alcohols) (12.6) the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion; in organic compounds, the
gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen; e.g., the conversion of an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone via the
use of an oxidizing agent.
phenol (12.7) an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a benzene ring.
primary (1˚) alcohol (12.4) an alcohol with the general formula RCH2OH.
reduction (of carbonyl compounds) (12.6) a gain of electrons by a molecule, ion, or atom; in organic
compounds, the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen; e.g., the conversion of a carbonyl compound to an
alcohol via the use of a reducing agent.
secondary (2˚) alcohol (12.4) an alcohol with the general formula R2CHOH.
tertiary (3˚) alcohol (12.4) an alcohol with the general formula R2COH.
thiol (12.9) an organic compound that contains a thiol group (-SH).
Zaitsev’s rule (12.5) a rule that states that in an elimination reaction, the alkene with the greatest number
of alkyl groups on the double bonded carbon (the more highly substituted alkene) is the major product
of the reaction.