Download Organic Chemistry Review

Organic Chemistry Review
Alkanes: Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms; alkanes are saturated
hydrocarbons.
Alkenes: a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bond; alkenes are unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
Alkynes: a hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond; alkynes are unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbon: an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
Isomer: compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures.
Unsaturated compound: an organic compound with one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bond.
Saturated compound: an organic compound in which all carbon atoms are joined by single covalent
bonds; it contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
Functional group: a specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of
characteristic chemical reactions; the chemistry of an organic compound is determined by its functional
group.
Hydroxyl: the –OH functional group present in alcohols.
I.U.P.A.C: The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry is an international federation of
National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries.
Substituent: an atom or group of atoms that can take the place of hydrogen atom on a parent
hydrocarbon molecule.
Alkyl group: a hydrocarbon substituent.
Ester: a derivative of a carboxylic acid in which the –OH of the carboxyl group has been replace by the
-OR from the alcohol.
Carbonyl group: a functional group having a carbon atom and an oxygen atom joined by a double bond.
Organic compound: compound containing carbon.
Distillation: Crude oil is heated so that it vaporizes and rises through a fractionating column.
Compounds with the highest boiling points condense near the bottom where it is hotter.
Cracking: Controlled process by which hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller more useful
molecules.
Esterification: reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water.
Alcohol: an organic compound having an –OH (hydroxyl) group attached.
Carboxylic acid: an organic acid containing a carboxyl group.
Carboxyl group: a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group.
2.
a) CnH2n+2
b) CnH2n
c) CnH2n-2
d) CnH2n
e) R-OH
f) R-COOH
g) R-COO-R1