Download Quiz #3 will be concerning Types of Organic Compounds and types

Quiz #3 will be concerning Types of Organic Compounds and types of functional groups.
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You should know the following definitions.
Know what types of functional groups are found in each type of compound.
Be able to identify compound types if I draw a picture of the compound. (Like we did in lab
for practice before we started the Ester Labs) – Make sure you look over the sheet of types of
compounds.
You must memorize which type of functional groups are found in each types of compounds.
For example –alcohols have hydroxyl groups – ketones have carbonyl groups (but so do lots
of others) make sure you know how they are different.
1. Hydrocarbon – an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.
2. Alkane – a saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon that has no carbon – carbon multiple bonds; has
only carbon-carbon single bonds.
3. Alkene – an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a double bond.
4. Alkyne – an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a triple bond.
5. Ketone – any of a class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group (C=O) whose
carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms.
6. Ester – a compound with the general formula RCOOR’ (where R is a hydrocarbon group or a
hydrogen and R’ is a hydrocarbon group.) It is formed from an alcohol and organic (or
carboxylic) acid by removal of water (denaturation).
7. Ether – any organic compound with the general formula ROR’, where R and R’ are hydrocarbon
groups formed by dehydration between two alcohols.
8. Carboxylic acid – an organic compound containing the carboxyl group (-COOH).
9. Alcohol – an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups. The general
formula for a monohydroxy albcohol is R – OH, where R is a hydrocarbon group.
10. Aldehyde – an organic compound containing one or more –CHO groups. The general fomula is
R-CHO where R is a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen.
11. Alkyl halide – an aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached.
12. Amide – any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of a carbonyl group (C=O) for
hydrogen, or from an organic acid by replacing the –OH group of the carboxyl group with an
amino group (-NH2) .
13. Amine – an organic compound containing nitrogen; any compound formed from ammonia by
replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals. The general formula for
primary amines is R-NH2.
14. Amino Acid – the building blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2) a
carboxyl (-COOH) group attach to an alpha carbon and a radical.
15. Functional group – a specific atom or group of atoms that is attached to a carbon atom in an
organic compound and that imparts an identifiable chemical behavior to the compound.
16. Carbonyl group – a chemical group composed of one carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen.
17. Alkyl group – a monovalent radical of the general formula CnH2n+1 formed when an alkane loses
one hydrogen atom.
18. Hydroxyl group - -OH is a univalent radical and the functional group of the basic compounds in
inorganic chemistry and the alcohols in organic chemistry.