Download ReadingQuizUnit7Part123 - AP Environmental Science

Name _______________________________________
Period ____________
Date _____________________________
Unit #7 (Ch. 2, 23, 17, 18) Book Quiz: Part 1
1. What are the basic building blocks of matter?
Provide several examples using chemicals
common in Earth’s physical or biological
systems.
Page number: _________________
2. Describe two major forms of energy, and give
examples of each.
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6. Plate tectonics is a process that can affect
a. The shape of Earth’s landscapes,
including building mountains.
b. Normal ecosystem structure and
function.
c. Flow of matter and recycling of energy.
d. The frequency of volcanic eruptions
coming from tsunami events.
e. The number of trophic levels of
ecosystems near plate boundaries.
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
7. List and describe the three major sources of
energy that power Earth’s environmental
systems.
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3. If the pH of a solution is increased from 7 to 9, it
means that the concentration of:
a. H+ has decreased by 100 times
b. H+ has increase by 2 times
c. OH- has decreased by 10 times
d. OH- has increased by 2 times
e. H+ has increased by 100 times
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
8. What substances are produced by
photosynthesis? By cellular respiration? By
chemosynthesis?
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4. Compare and contrast the first and second laws
of thermodynamics.
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5. Given that the half-life of the radioisotope
Cs-137 is 30 years, approximately how long will
it take for 80lbs to decay to less than 1 lb?
a. 7 years
b. 15 years
c. 70 years
d. 100 years
e. 200 years
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
9. Ocean Acidification results from
a. Increased use of artificial fertilizers
b. Increased pH due to high levels of
carbonic acid
c. Lowered pH due to carbonic acid
d. The increased availability of carbonate
ions
e. The dissolving of shelled organisms
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
Name _______________________________________
Period ____________
10. Name the primary layers that make up our
planet. Which portions does the lithosphere
include?
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11. Describe what occurs at a divergent plate
boundary. What happens at a transform plate
boundary? Compare and contrast the types of
processes that can occur at a convergent plate
boundary.
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12. Many types of mining, such as those used to
mine coal and copper, produce a specific type of
water pollution called
a. Eutrophication
b. Suspended limestone particles
c. Salinization
d. Sediment load
e. Acid drainage
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
13. The U.S Surface Mining Control and Reclamation
Act of 1977 requires
a. All mined minerals to be processed and
sold within the United States.
b. Minimal remediation of water pollution,
except when mining toxic uranium.
c. Restoration of the identical ecosystem
and biodiversity present prior to the
mining activity.
d. Mining companies to post bonds to cover
restoration of the mined area before
permits are granted.
e. 10% of sales revenues to be donated to
national park maintenance.
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
Date _____________________________
14. Name the three main types of rocks, and
describe how each type may be converted to the
others via the rock cycle.
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15. What causes earthquakes? What are tsunamis,
and what causes them? How does a Hawaiian
volcano such as Kilauea differ from a volcano in
the Cascades of North America such as Mount St.
Helens?
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16. Forests provide many ecosystem services;
however, the one that is receiving the most focus
for climate change scientists is
a. Protecting watersheds
b. Carbon sequestration
c. Habitat protection
d. CFC neutralization
e. Methane storage
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences
17. Define each of the following and contrast them
with one another: (1) mineral, (2) metal, (3) ore,
(4) alloy.
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18. What is acid drainage, and why can it be toxic to
fish?
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Name _______________________________________
Period ____________
Unit #7 (Ch. 2, 23, 17, 18): Part 2
19. Which of the following is a consequence of acid
deposition?
a. It washes toxic metals out of the soil,
resulting in healthier soils for
biodiversity.
b. It results in offshore eutrophication,
contributing further to coral reef demise
and ocean acidification.
c. It leaches out important minerals from
soils, resulting in the loss of biodiversity.
d. It creates rainwater than can damage
skin cells and cause cancer.
e. It increases the occurrence of low-lying
ground fogs.
Page number: _________________
Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
20. A mining geologist locates a horizontal seam of
coal very near the surface of the land. What type
of mining method will the mining company use
to extract it? What is one common
environmental impact of this type of mining?
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Date _____________________________
23. Explain why reclamation efforts after mining
frequently fail to effectively restore natural
communities. Include reference to both soil and
vegetation in your answer.
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24. Under natural, unpolluted conditions, the pH of
rainfall is closest to
a. 8.0
b. 7.1
c. 5.6
d. 4.5
e. 2.5
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
25. List five factors that can influence how long
global supplies of a given mineral will last, and
explain how each might increase or decrease the
time span the mineral will be available to us.
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21. Describe three major environmental or social
impacts of mountaintop removal mining.
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22. How does strip mining differ from subsurface
mining? How does each of these approaches
differ from open pit mining?
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26. Name three types of metal that we currently
recycle, and identify the products or materials
that are recycled to recover these metals.
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Name _______________________________________
Period ____________
27. What type of mining is used for both coltan and
gold? What does a miner do to conduct this type
of mining?
28. List the four layers of the atmosphere and name
one characteristic of each.
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29. Two major factors involved in the conversion of
primary air pollutants into secondary air
pollutants are
a. Sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid
b. Nitrogen oxides and sulfates
c. Sulfates and water
d. Water and volatile organic compounds
e. Sunlight and water
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
30. Where is the “ozone layer” located? How and
why is stratospheric ozone beneficial for people,
whereas tropospheric ozone is harmful?
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31. Of the following greenhouse gases, ______
concentrations have increased the most since
1750, the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
a. Water vapor
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Nitrous oxide
d. Ozone
e. Methane
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
Date _____________________________
32. How does a primary pollutant differ from a
secondary pollutant?
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33. What has happened with the emissions of major
pollutants in the United States in recent
decades? What has happened with
concentrations of “critical pollutants” in U.S.
ambient air in recent decades? Name one health
risk from toxic air pollutants.
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34. The largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse
gases in the United States is _______________,
followed by ________________.
a. Agriculture; transportation
b. Electricity generation; transportation
c. Electricity generation; agriculture
d. Electricity generation; industry
e. Agriculture; electricity generation
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
35. The Kyoto Protocol
a. Increased federal funding for controlling
greenhouse gas emissions from U.S.
power plants
b. Required equal concessions from all
countries involved in greenhouse gas
emission
c. Required more concessions from
developing countries because of their
high dependence on fossil fuels.
d. Was intended to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions to levels lower than those of
1990.
e. Has not been effective at any level
because of the U.S. failure to ratify.
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
Name _______________________________________
Period ____________
Unit #7 (Ch. 2, 23, 17, 18): Part 3
36. Which of the following is not yet regulated by the
U.S. EPA?
a. Carbon monoxide
b. Ozone
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Particulates
e. Lead
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
37. The greenhouse effect involves warming of
Earth’s surface and the
a. Ionosphere
b. Thermosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Troposphere
e. Stratosphere
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
38. Explain how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) deplete
stratospheric ozone. Why is this depletion
considered a long-term international problem?
What was done to address this problem?
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39. Name three common sources of indoor pollution
and their associated health risks. For each
pollution source, describe one way to reduce
exposure to the source.
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Date _____________________________
40. Why are effects of acid deposition often felt in
areas far from where the primary pollutants are
produced? List three impacts of acid deposition.
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41. The Montreal Protocol
a. Is another example of the many failed
attempts to reduce international air
pollution
b. Is the successful international effort to
reduce effects of global acid deposition
c. Developed much-needed international
treaty for eliminating radon emissions
from nuclear power plants
d. Resulted in significant reduction of CFCs
by those countries signing the treaty
e. Resulted in significant reduction of
carbon dioxide emissions by European
countries, Japan, and Australia
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences:
42. How does photochemical smog differ from
industrial smog? How do the weather and
topography influence smog formation?
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43. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) has synthesized several decades of data
and documented observed trends in all of the
areas below, except
a. Earth’s surface temp. and its increase
b. Planetary vegetation cover and the
ocean’s contribution to photosynthesis
c. Precipitation patterns and their regional
differences
d. Snow and ice cover
e. Storm intensity patterns
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Explain your answer in 2 sentences: