Download Endocrinology 3

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Oncogenesis - Chemical Signalling and Cancer
Tumor
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Benign (self contained)
Malignant (migratory, prone to seeding tumors at other sites)
Hypertrophy - hypertrophic cells; hyperplastic tissue
Neoplasia - new, often irregular, growth or tissue
Protooncogenes = Normal gene precursors of oncogenes
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V
Mutational Agents
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V
Oncogenes = Gene associated with abnormal cell growth
Oncogene Product = Expressed protein coded by an oncogene
Mutagens
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Radiation, Chemical - tend to be small changes, insertions, deletions, or base
changes
Chromosome Rearrangements (in meiosis) - can be large changes, deletions,
inversions
Viral Rearrangement - viruses can become lysogenic and excise and carry genes or
foreign promoter DNA to subsequent cellular hosts where these insert into
nonhomologous sites and are expressed in a non-regulated or inappropriately
regulated fashion, often leading to oncogenesis via disruption of the normal events
of the cell cycle or cell cycle regulatory points.
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106) Steroid Hormones of the Reproductive System ~
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/SexHormones.html
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Reproduction
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Meiosis
Spermatogenesis, testicular anatomy and function
Oogenesis, ovarian anatomy and function
Process of fertilization, implantation, gestation, lactation
113) Images from Veterinary Reproductive Endocrinology
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/courses/as300/images300.htm
Cell Division
Mitosis
2n -----> 2 x 2n
Replicative, simple cell division
Interphase
2n
Prophase
DNA synthesis, nuclear envelope
breakdown, centrioles replicate and move to poles,
beginning of spindle formation
Metaphase
4n
Alignment of all chromosomes on metaphase
plate
Anaphase
Telophase
Separation and cytokinesis
Meiosis
I
2n
Replication Division
Interphase
DNA synthesis and crossing-over
Prophase
Metaphase
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Anaphase
Telophase
2 x 2n
II
Reductive Division
Prophase
No DNA replication
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
4 x 1n
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118) Gametogenesis Outline
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/%7Euzwiak/HumanSexuality/HSSpringLect4.html