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Biology
DNA Structure, Replication, Transcription, & Translation Study Guide
1.16.15
Answer all of the following questions on a separate piece of paper and staple it
to the back of this sheet. You can find all of the answers by clicking on the link
labeled “DNA – Structure basics”
1. Write a simplified version of the idea that is known as “The Central Dogma
of Molecular Biology”. (What I’m looking for here is the three word
phrase that includes two arrows – it’s in bold in between two paragraphs.)
2. Scroll down the page until you find the section about Chargaff’s rule.
What are the full names of the four nitrogenous bases?
3. Which bases have two carbon-nitrogen rings? Which have only one?
4. What are the two base pairing rules?
5. How would the DNA strand look if A paired with G and T w/ C? Draw a
picture if it would help. (This is discussed in the paragraph prior to the
section labeled DNA Replication.)
6. The diagram and explanation of DNA replication in the flexbook is highly
oversimplified. One thing it doesn’t explain is that DNA replication takes
place at multiple points along the same DNA strand. There will be
“replication forks” (areas where DNA is being copied) all along the strand
of DNA. Why do you think this is so, instead of simply starting at one end
and working towards the other?
7. Why does the information encoded in DNA need to be copied onto RNA?
(Just in case you were wondering, Mr. Mason still likes chocolate chip
cookies.)
8. What are the three primary differences between DNA and RNA?
9. List the three different types of RNA and their functions.
10. Click on “next” at the bottom of the page. What happens during the
process known as transcription?
11. What is a codon and what does each one stand for on an mRNA strand?
12. What amino acid does the CAG codon code for?
13. What is the first codon in all mRNA sequences?
14. What transports the amino acids to the ribosome during translation?