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Making Proteins Transcription = 1. Enzymes unzip the molecule of DNA by______________ _____________________________________________ 2. Free RNA nucleotides_____________________________ ___________________________________________________ 3. The sugar-phosphate backbone bonds. This time is uses ____________ instead of deoxy-ribose. 4. The mRNA breaks away as the DNA strands rejoin. The DNA returns to its _________________________ 5. mRNA leaves the ________________ and enters the ____________________. - mRNA carries a genetic message (a sequence of ______________________________________) - amino acids make up _______________________ - there are only ______ common amino acids in the world Codon = Example: The RNA strand AUGUAAAUU is actually the following three codons: ______ ________ _______. The ________ of the nitrogenous bases in the mRNA determines the type and order of the ________ ____________ in a protein. There are ____ possible codons but only ____ Possible Amino Acids Stop codons = ________________________ Start codon = _________________________ Summary: More than one codon can code for the same amino acid BUT for any one codon, there can only by one amino acid!!! The genetic code is ______________. (i.e. all organisms use this code and follow it to make proteins) Translation = Translation happens in the ___________________ 1. The strand of mRNA attaches to the ________________. 2. A ___________ molecule brings the first amino acid to the mRNA strand that is attached to the ribosome. 3. A tRNA _________________ pairs with the first mRNA codon temporarily. What is the first mRNA codon? ______ Anticodon = 4. ______ signals the start of protein production. 5. The ___________ slides along the mRNA to the next ___________. 6. A new _________ carrying an __________ ________ pairs with the second mRNA codon. 7. The first and second ________ ________ bond together in a _________ bond. 8. This process continues joining amino acids until the ribosome reaches a _______ codon on the mRNA strand. 9. The amino acid strand (now an _____________________ ) is released from the ribosome. 10. Once released the Amino Acid Chain _________________ ______________________________ (tertiary structure!) Summary: Comparison of Replication and Transcription DNA Replication DNA Transcription 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.