Download Biochemistry Test Review KEY

Biology I Unit 1Test Review: Scientific Processes, Biochemistry, and Enzymes
1. What is the name of the enzyme that allows the human body to digest starch? Amylase This of these diagrams
best represents a section of the structure of this enzyme?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. Describe the parts of an RNA nucleotide. ribose sugar, phosphate group and one of the four nitrogenous bases:
adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil
3. What are the smaller sub-units that make proteins called? amino acids
4. Which macromolecule supplies the main energy source used in humans? Carbohydrates
5. What is the name of the monomer that correctly identifies this structure? Glucose
6. Beeswax is which of the following types of organic molecule? Lipid
7. The function of biomolecules is directly related to the order of its monomers. Which biomolecule will be most
affected by the order of its monomers? Protein
8. What is cellulose? It is major component in the rigid cell walls in plants. It is a polysaccharide polymer with
many glucose monosaccharide units.
9. Name the monomers for the following:
 Carbohydrates monosaccharide
 Lipids (Basically there is none) but the basic structure consists of Glycerol and fatty acids
 Proteins amino acids
10. What is the purpose of DNA? DNA's main purpose: to make proteins within the cell.
11. What is the proper name for the following:
 DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
 RNA Ribonucleic acid
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12. What is the name of the structure above and what is its function? Nucleic acid
13. What is a common element found in all organic compounds? Carbon
14. What effect does pH levels have on a certain enzyme? Slows or speeds up rate of reaction, as well as the
modifies the enzyme’s shape
15. Describe the active site of an enzyme. It is a small port in an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and
undergo a chemical reaction
16. Enzymes are what type of macromolecule? Protein
17. What would happen to the human body if enzymes were not available to be used in chemical reactions? It
would slow down and eventually stop the breaking down essential nutrients and death would occur.
18. What macromolecule, besides carbohydrates, functions in storing energy in animals? Lipids
19. What are subunits of macromolecules called? monomers
20. Which macromolecule is composed of glycerol and fatty acids and functions as a hormone? Lipids
21. Know the functions of the following molecules
 Lipid store energy and provide barriers
 Nucleotide store and communicate genetic information
 Enzyme speed up the rate of chemical reactions
 Carbohydrate store energy, provide structural support
22. What are the two main components of Cellulose? Polysaccharides and Glucose molecules
23. What determines the enzyme’s function? The shape and size of the enzyme determines its function because
they're extremely specific. An enzyme will only work with one type of substrate.
24. What is the difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides? Only proteins are formed from amino
acids joined by peptide bonds
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