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Unit 1- Key Area 4 - DNA and the production of proteins 1-Describe the structure of a DNA Double stranded/ double helix. molecule. Made of sub-unit called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of: - phosphate - desoxyribose sugar - a base (adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine). Bases on each strand form complementary pairs. 2-What holds a DNA strand together? A bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the adjacent nucleotide. 3-What type of bond holds the two Hydrogen bonds. strands together to form the double helix? 4-What is determined by the base The genetic code. In proteins, the base sequence? sequence determines amino acid sequence. 5-Complementary rule A-T and G-C. Protein synthesis 1-What are the chemical elements C-H-N-O and some sulfur. found in proteins? 2-Structure of proteins is determined DNA sequence which itself determines the by… order of amino acids. 3-Name of the type of bond between Peptide bond. amino acids 4- Give 5 examples of types of Enzymes: speed up chemical reactions. proteins and their function Hormones: carry chemical messages around the body (e.g. insulin) Antibodies: recognize molecules of invading organisms to defend the body against disease. Structural: connect and support tissues (e.g. collagen). Receptors: participate in cell signaling. 5-Where does protein synthesis take In ribosomes in the cytoplasm. place? 6-What carries the sequence mRNA= messenger RNA information from where it is stored (i.e. in the nucleus) to where it is needed (ribosome) 7-Characteristics of RNA - Single stranded - sugar is ribose - Uracil (U) is found in place of thymine (T).