Download Bill Nye Nutrition

Bill Nye Nutrition
1/13/11 and 1/14/11
Vocabulary
Carbohydrates – One of three main types of foods.
- Found in plant products such as breads, cereals, grains, fruits, and vegetables.
- They provide the body with a source of energy.
- Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen,
- subdivided into simple carbohydrates (sugar, fruit) and complex carbohydrates
(vegetables, starches)
Proteins – One of three main types of food.
- Protein helps the body to build muscles and repair itself.
- Proteins are the basic chemicals that make up the structure of cells and direct
their activities.
Fats – One of the three main classes of foods
- a source of energy in the body
- help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy.
- In food, there are two main types of fats: saturated (found in meats, milk and
other dairy products) and unsaturated (found in olive oil, nuts and some fish)
Calorie - The energy producing potential in food.
In science, a calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy needed to raise the
temperature of one milliliter of water one degree Celsius.
This scientific definition is with a small “c”
Complete Proteins – Most animal products, such as meat and daily products, contain all
of the essential amino acids and are said to be “compete proteins”.
Essential amino acids are those that cannot be manufactured but the body.
Complementary Proteins – Protein sources that individually are short one or more
essential amino acids but which provide complete protein when eaten together.
Grains eaten with legumes (such as rice with beans) result in a complete protein.
Empty calories – all food provides calories and energy, but not all foods come with extra
benefits, such as fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Foods with empty calories (such as sugar), have calories with no or little extra
benefits.
7 + notes –
Protein is what you are made of – kind of like a natural plastic – that gives you structure.
Minerals and vitamins are necessary in order to make use of the nutrients that you need.
Most of us make about 1 liter of saliva a day.
Calories in food: calories are a measurement of heat. When we combine food with
oxygen.
Dry the banana out, then grind it into a powder, then add oxygen (from potassium
nitrate). Grind these together. Then put it in a bomb calorimeter. The wires will get the
fire burning. Heat is given off, and absorbed into the water in a container.
1 liter of water, 1 degree Celsius. The water temperature is measure. For each degree C
it increased, that indicates one calorie.
Plants soak up minerals from the soil. Broccoli has calcium good for teeth and bones.
Therefore we get the minerals from plants, and we do NOT have to eat ‘rocks’. !
Iron is a mineral. Iron is needed for muscles and red blood cells.
The amount of iron we need each day can be eaten from food. It is in cereal for example.
A magnet spinning in a bowl of cereal will have iron filings attached.
Nutrition facts are on all food containers, listing the ingredients in order of how much is
in the product. The daily values allow you to know and choose what to eat to help meet
your requirements.
Protein is the building block of your body – bones, skin, teeth
Complete proteins are what you must have, but that your body cannot make.
Rice and beans are complementary proteins. Another example soybeans and squash.
Fat cushions your body and its internal parts.
Only need 15 ml of fat a day (this is not much)
Empty calories – such as coca cola. Although you may have the same number of calories
as an apple. However an apple has fiber, vitamins; whereas, cola only has sugar, and no
protein, vitamins, nor fiber.
Fiber helps to push stuff out of your body.
Break – fast = breakfast, you are breaking the sleep fasting period.