Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases
... in exons or as thin boxes in introns. The 5' splice-site (CAGguaagu) and 3' splice-site (y) 10 ncagG, as well as the branch point (ynyyray), are indicated (y=c or u, n=a, g, c or u). Upper-case letters refer to nucleotides that remain in the mature mRNA. Two major groups of proteins, hnRNPs (yellow) ...
... in exons or as thin boxes in introns. The 5' splice-site (CAGguaagu) and 3' splice-site (y) 10 ncagG, as well as the branch point (ynyyray), are indicated (y=c or u, n=a, g, c or u). Upper-case letters refer to nucleotides that remain in the mature mRNA. Two major groups of proteins, hnRNPs (yellow) ...
Title Non-coding functions of alternative pre-mRNA - DR-NTU
... (AREs) that modulate stability and translational activity of multiple mRNA targets by recruiting corresponding RBPs [59-62]. Similar to miRNA binding sites, AREs can be regulated by AS [63]. For instance, the choice between three A3Es in mRNA of human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) invo ...
... (AREs) that modulate stability and translational activity of multiple mRNA targets by recruiting corresponding RBPs [59-62]. Similar to miRNA binding sites, AREs can be regulated by AS [63]. For instance, the choice between three A3Es in mRNA of human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) invo ...
Plant serine/arginine-rich proteins and their role in pre
... participate in RNA–protein and protein–protein interactions during spliceosome assembly [43]. In multicellular organisms, splice sites are degenerate, hence the splice site selection depends on additional sequence elements such as exonic splicing enhancers or silencers (ESEs/ ESSs) or intron splicin ...
... participate in RNA–protein and protein–protein interactions during spliceosome assembly [43]. In multicellular organisms, splice sites are degenerate, hence the splice site selection depends on additional sequence elements such as exonic splicing enhancers or silencers (ESEs/ ESSs) or intron splicin ...
HGD Gene Expression
... 2. Prevention of degradation by exonucleases. Degradation of the mRNA by 5' exonucleases is prevented by functionally looking like a 3' end. This increases the half life of the mRNA, essential in eukaryotes as the export process takes significant time. 3. Promotion of translation The 5’ cap is requi ...
... 2. Prevention of degradation by exonucleases. Degradation of the mRNA by 5' exonucleases is prevented by functionally looking like a 3' end. This increases the half life of the mRNA, essential in eukaryotes as the export process takes significant time. 3. Promotion of translation The 5’ cap is requi ...
Alternative RNA splicing in latently infected T cells generates
... lines and primary resting CD4 T cells, chimeric cell:tat RNAs are generated by the usual cellular mechanisms of alternative RNA splicing • An IRES-like element in tat leads to translation of this mRNA in a cap-independent manner and expression of functional Tat protein (POSTER THPE006: G. Khoury) • ...
... lines and primary resting CD4 T cells, chimeric cell:tat RNAs are generated by the usual cellular mechanisms of alternative RNA splicing • An IRES-like element in tat leads to translation of this mRNA in a cap-independent manner and expression of functional Tat protein (POSTER THPE006: G. Khoury) • ...
Pengaturan Ekspresi gen 1. Struktur gen prokaryot dan eukaryot
... Start and stop signals for RNA synthesis by a bacterial RNA polymerase. Template strand (lower), whereas the upper strand corresponds in sequence to the RNA that is made (note the substitution of U in RNA for T in DNA). (A) The polymerase begins transcribing at the start site. Two short sequences ( ...
... Start and stop signals for RNA synthesis by a bacterial RNA polymerase. Template strand (lower), whereas the upper strand corresponds in sequence to the RNA that is made (note the substitution of U in RNA for T in DNA). (A) The polymerase begins transcribing at the start site. Two short sequences ( ...
HnRNP C1/C2 May Regulate Exon 7 Splicing in the Spinal Muscular
... To examine whether hnRNP C1/C2 plays a role in the regulation of exon 7 inclusion in the SMN1 mRNA, an anti-hnRNP C1/C2 antibody was added to HeLa cell nuclear extract. The presence of anti-hnRNP C1/C2 antibody hampered the inclusion of exon 7 of the SMN1 mini-gene mRNA in a dose-dependent manner (F ...
... To examine whether hnRNP C1/C2 plays a role in the regulation of exon 7 inclusion in the SMN1 mRNA, an anti-hnRNP C1/C2 antibody was added to HeLa cell nuclear extract. The presence of anti-hnRNP C1/C2 antibody hampered the inclusion of exon 7 of the SMN1 mini-gene mRNA in a dose-dependent manner (F ...
Alternative splicing in human tumour viruses
... polyadenylation, with the former three being controlled by the splicing machinery (Figure 3). As well as controlling constitutive splicing, SR proteins regulate alternative splicing by promotion of proximal 5 -ss selection. Similarly, hnRNP proteins contribute to alternative splicing regulation by ...
... polyadenylation, with the former three being controlled by the splicing machinery (Figure 3). As well as controlling constitutive splicing, SR proteins regulate alternative splicing by promotion of proximal 5 -ss selection. Similarly, hnRNP proteins contribute to alternative splicing regulation by ...
pdf format - Faculty members Homepages
... One encodes a protein that is 1,011 aa long. The other encodes a protein 879 aa long. Database analyses of these cDNAs against human genomic DNA sequences indicate that these two cDNAs are generated by alternative splicing (Fig. 1B). The HDAC9 cDNA sequences from the known 5⬘ end of HDRP cDNA to the ...
... One encodes a protein that is 1,011 aa long. The other encodes a protein 879 aa long. Database analyses of these cDNAs against human genomic DNA sequences indicate that these two cDNAs are generated by alternative splicing (Fig. 1B). The HDAC9 cDNA sequences from the known 5⬘ end of HDRP cDNA to the ...
July 2012 Volume 22 In This Issue Dazzling Diamond of Hope
... upcoming e-newsletters and visit our website, www.DBAFoundation.org, as we recap the information discussed at Camp. In addition to the medical and research aspects, we are extremely grateful for the care and guidance provided to our families through Camp Sunshine's psychosocial program. The program' ...
... upcoming e-newsletters and visit our website, www.DBAFoundation.org, as we recap the information discussed at Camp. In addition to the medical and research aspects, we are extremely grateful for the care and guidance provided to our families through Camp Sunshine's psychosocial program. The program' ...
Investigation 1: Examining RNA-Seq data
... We will continue to focus on isoform A of transformer (referred to as tra-RA). Here we will focus on data from experiments that assess the RNA population in cells. This data can be used to help us identify exons and introns for the gene under study. All RNAs in the cell are collectively known as the ...
... We will continue to focus on isoform A of transformer (referred to as tra-RA). Here we will focus on data from experiments that assess the RNA population in cells. This data can be used to help us identify exons and introns for the gene under study. All RNAs in the cell are collectively known as the ...
Discovery through RNA-Seq
... • Discover fusions at annotated exon boundaries (protein coding) and better statistical checks • Misses some fusions ...
... • Discover fusions at annotated exon boundaries (protein coding) and better statistical checks • Misses some fusions ...
From Gene to Protein
... • Introns: noncoding sequences that are removed • Exons: coding sequences that are spliced together • Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs): identify and help bring about the splicing process • Spliceosome: catalyzes splicing reactions ...
... • Introns: noncoding sequences that are removed • Exons: coding sequences that are spliced together • Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs): identify and help bring about the splicing process • Spliceosome: catalyzes splicing reactions ...
Transcription from DNA Virus Genomes
... • All Adenoviral L RNAs map to the same promoter • Adeno L mRNAs have 4 parts, 5’ terminal tripartite leader and body ...
... • All Adenoviral L RNAs map to the same promoter • Adeno L mRNAs have 4 parts, 5’ terminal tripartite leader and body ...
Alternative Splicing Analysis Tools Through the UCSC Genome
... 5. Click on “Block 5” (representing exon 5). Exon 5 now appears on the upper part of the screen, in the right pane, in blue capital letters. 6. Select and copy the entire sequence of exon 5, along with 14 nucleotides in the upstream intron and 6 nucleotides in the downstream intron (you’ll also be c ...
... 5. Click on “Block 5” (representing exon 5). Exon 5 now appears on the upper part of the screen, in the right pane, in blue capital letters. 6. Select and copy the entire sequence of exon 5, along with 14 nucleotides in the upstream intron and 6 nucleotides in the downstream intron (you’ll also be c ...
Alternative spliced transcripts as cancer markers
... and acceptor splicing sites, exon skipping and the use of intronic sequence as an exon. Also, the positions of either 5’ or 3’ splice sites can shift to make exons longer or shorter. In addition to these changes in splicing, alterations in the transcriptional start site or the polyadenylation site a ...
... and acceptor splicing sites, exon skipping and the use of intronic sequence as an exon. Also, the positions of either 5’ or 3’ splice sites can shift to make exons longer or shorter. In addition to these changes in splicing, alterations in the transcriptional start site or the polyadenylation site a ...
Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
... Locations and directions of ERSE-like sequences (closed arrowheads) in the respective GRP promoters. TATA box ...
... Locations and directions of ERSE-like sequences (closed arrowheads) in the respective GRP promoters. TATA box ...
Chapter 17: Gene Expression Gene Expression DNA houses all
... Introns (interrupt transcript) – long regions of noncoding RNA segments Exons (expressed transcript) – RNA that will be expressed by translation Spliceosome – cut introns, splice exons Large protein plus… snRNP (aka ‘Snurps’) Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins 150 nucleotides (snRNA) + p ...
... Introns (interrupt transcript) – long regions of noncoding RNA segments Exons (expressed transcript) – RNA that will be expressed by translation Spliceosome – cut introns, splice exons Large protein plus… snRNP (aka ‘Snurps’) Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins 150 nucleotides (snRNA) + p ...
投影片 1
... pH change has been suggested that it is through the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signalregulated kinase kinase 3/6-p38 pathway In this study, we find that increase extracellular pH change results in SMN2 exon7 inclusion which may due to decrease the amount of hnRNPA1 in the nucleu ...
... pH change has been suggested that it is through the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signalregulated kinase kinase 3/6-p38 pathway In this study, we find that increase extracellular pH change results in SMN2 exon7 inclusion which may due to decrease the amount of hnRNPA1 in the nucleu ...
Provisional PDF - BioMed Central
... fonts indicate closely related upstream or downstream proteins. Blue or red indicate successfully validated gain of function and elevation of expression or loss of function and reduction of expression, respectively. Success of the validation by semi-quantitative RT-PCR was determined by an Fc value ...
... fonts indicate closely related upstream or downstream proteins. Blue or red indicate successfully validated gain of function and elevation of expression or loss of function and reduction of expression, respectively. Success of the validation by semi-quantitative RT-PCR was determined by an Fc value ...
Snímek 1
... their normal splicing targets leading to a MBNL loss-of-function and alternative splicing dysregulation. The recent discovery of repeat associated non-ATG (RAN) translation adds a third pathway for disease. RNA transcripts from both ‘non-coding’ and ‘coding’ disorders may undergo RAN translation. On ...
... their normal splicing targets leading to a MBNL loss-of-function and alternative splicing dysregulation. The recent discovery of repeat associated non-ATG (RAN) translation adds a third pathway for disease. RNA transcripts from both ‘non-coding’ and ‘coding’ disorders may undergo RAN translation. On ...
Nuclear gene expression 1
... Enhancers and Silencers 1. Enhancers stimulate transcription, while Silencers inhibit. 2. Orientation-independent – Flip 180 degrees, still work 3. Position-independent (mostly) – Can work at a distance from promoter core – Enhancers have been found all over 4. Bind regulatory transcription factors ...
... Enhancers and Silencers 1. Enhancers stimulate transcription, while Silencers inhibit. 2. Orientation-independent – Flip 180 degrees, still work 3. Position-independent (mostly) – Can work at a distance from promoter core – Enhancers have been found all over 4. Bind regulatory transcription factors ...
Chpt12_RNAProcessing.doc
... (3) These two phosphoester transfers result in a joining of the two exons and excision of the intron (with the initiating G nucleotide attached to the 5' end.) (4) The excised intron is then circularized by attack of the 3'-OH of the last nucleotide of the intron on the phosphate between the 15th an ...
... (3) These two phosphoester transfers result in a joining of the two exons and excision of the intron (with the initiating G nucleotide attached to the 5' end.) (4) The excised intron is then circularized by attack of the 3'-OH of the last nucleotide of the intron on the phosphate between the 15th an ...
An interspecific plant hybrid shows novel changes in
... termination codon in both cases (Figure 3). If the transcripts are translated they would result in truncated proteins where only the domain for recognition and binding of RNA (RRM, Figure 3) is retained, while the domain for interaction with other SR proteins and with the spliceosome machinery (SR d ...
... termination codon in both cases (Figure 3). If the transcripts are translated they would result in truncated proteins where only the domain for recognition and binding of RNA (RRM, Figure 3) is retained, while the domain for interaction with other SR proteins and with the spliceosome machinery (SR d ...
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins. In this process, particular exons of a gene may be included within or excluded from the final, processed messenger RNA (mRNA) produced from that gene. Consequently the proteins translated from alternatively spliced mRNAs will contain differences in their amino acid sequence and, often, in their biological functions (see Figure). Notably, alternative splicing allows the human genome to direct the synthesis of many more proteins than would be expected from its 20,000 protein-coding genes. Alternative splicing is sometimes termed differential splicing.Alternative splicing occurs as a normal phenomenon in eukaryotes, where it greatly increases the biodiversity of proteins that can be encoded by the genome; in humans, ~95% of multi-exonic genes are alternatively spliced. There are numerous modes of alternative splicing observed, of which the most common is exon skipping. In this mode, a particular exon may be included in mRNAs under some conditions or in particular tissues, and omitted from the mRNA in others.The production of alternatively spliced mRNAs is regulated by a system of trans-acting proteins that bind to cis-acting sites on the primary transcript itself. Such proteins include splicing activators that promote the usage of a particular splice site, and splicing repressors that reduce the usage of a particular site. Mechanisms of alternative splicing are highly variable, and new examples are constantly being found, particularly through the use of high-throughput techniques. Researchers hope to fully elucidate the regulatory systems involved in splicing, so that alternative splicing products from a given gene under particular conditions could be predicted by a ""splicing code"".Abnormal variations in splicing are also implicated in disease; a large proportion of human genetic disorders result from splicing variants. Abnormal splicing variants are also thought to contribute to the development of cancer.