The role of Dby mRNA in early development of male mouse zygotes
... Ejaculated mammalian spermatozoa contain a complex yet specific population of mRNA. However, the possible roles that mRNA has in early zygotic and embryonic development remain unclear. We found that Dby mRNA is selectively retained in capacitated mouse spermatozoa, and is transferred into the oocyte ...
... Ejaculated mammalian spermatozoa contain a complex yet specific population of mRNA. However, the possible roles that mRNA has in early zygotic and embryonic development remain unclear. We found that Dby mRNA is selectively retained in capacitated mouse spermatozoa, and is transferred into the oocyte ...
Developmental changes in barley microRNA expression profiles
... is occupied by uridine, which suggests miRNA association with AGO1 and its involvement in mRNA cleavage (unpublished data, Zhang et al., 2014). Barley development is mostly described by using phenotypical features like leaf number, tiller numbers, and kernel stage (Zadoks et al., 1974). In our previ ...
... is occupied by uridine, which suggests miRNA association with AGO1 and its involvement in mRNA cleavage (unpublished data, Zhang et al., 2014). Barley development is mostly described by using phenotypical features like leaf number, tiller numbers, and kernel stage (Zadoks et al., 1974). In our previ ...
Single Processing Center Models for Human Dicer and Bacterial
... tially cleaves off siRNAs from the termini of dsRNA substrates (Zhang et al., 2002). We took advantage of this observation to map cleavage sites introduced by the wt and mutant proteins in the 30 bp substrate. The 30 bp dsRNA can be cleaved by Dicer only once yielding the ⵑ21 nt siRNA-like products ...
... tially cleaves off siRNAs from the termini of dsRNA substrates (Zhang et al., 2002). We took advantage of this observation to map cleavage sites introduced by the wt and mutant proteins in the 30 bp substrate. The 30 bp dsRNA can be cleaved by Dicer only once yielding the ⵑ21 nt siRNA-like products ...
as a PDF
... Thus, the ability of TRAP to modulate which of these two alternative structures forms in response to changes in the intracellular tryptophan concentration serves as the basis for the transcription attenuation mechanism of this operon (Fig. 2). In addition to the antiterminator and terminator structu ...
... Thus, the ability of TRAP to modulate which of these two alternative structures forms in response to changes in the intracellular tryptophan concentration serves as the basis for the transcription attenuation mechanism of this operon (Fig. 2). In addition to the antiterminator and terminator structu ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY A profusion of upstream open reading
... are in contrast to those uORFs whose coding sequence identity is immaterial—the degree of influence of this category is wholly dependent on the efficiency of their translation initiation. Occasionally, uORFs have regulatory functions. Either, or both uORF initiation and stalling, efficiencies may be affec ...
... are in contrast to those uORFs whose coding sequence identity is immaterial—the degree of influence of this category is wholly dependent on the efficiency of their translation initiation. Occasionally, uORFs have regulatory functions. Either, or both uORF initiation and stalling, efficiencies may be affec ...
Nanotechnology for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids
... Tuschl’s group, synthetic small RNAs were shown to treat disease in mice. Small RNAs were quickly proclaimed as the “next new class of drugs.” Eagerness sprinted high because of the potential of these molecules to knock down any gene of interest to treat almost any disease by targeting otherwise “un ...
... Tuschl’s group, synthetic small RNAs were shown to treat disease in mice. Small RNAs were quickly proclaimed as the “next new class of drugs.” Eagerness sprinted high because of the potential of these molecules to knock down any gene of interest to treat almost any disease by targeting otherwise “un ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
... CAP plus cAMP allow formation of an open promoter complex • The open promoter complex does not form, even if RNA polymerase has bound the DNA, unless the CAP-cAMP complex is also bound ...
... CAP plus cAMP allow formation of an open promoter complex • The open promoter complex does not form, even if RNA polymerase has bound the DNA, unless the CAP-cAMP complex is also bound ...
Chapter 12 Translation and the Genetic Code
... Hydrogen bondsbetween a hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond & a second electronegative atom Ionic bondselectrostatic interaction two oppositely charged ions van der Waals interactionsinteractions between dipoles (requires close proximity and specific orientation) ...
... Hydrogen bondsbetween a hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond & a second electronegative atom Ionic bondselectrostatic interaction two oppositely charged ions van der Waals interactionsinteractions between dipoles (requires close proximity and specific orientation) ...
The Role of the C-terminal Tail of the Ribosomal Protein S13 in Pr
... The ampicillin resistance cassette was amplified from the plasmid pND707 using the primers listed in appendix a (1‐5). The primers have 30 ~ 40 nt homologous to the rpsM gene, followed by the modified S13 CTD sequence, a stop codon, an E. coli SD sequence for translation of amp r ...
... The ampicillin resistance cassette was amplified from the plasmid pND707 using the primers listed in appendix a (1‐5). The primers have 30 ~ 40 nt homologous to the rpsM gene, followed by the modified S13 CTD sequence, a stop codon, an E. coli SD sequence for translation of amp r ...
Improving Virus C type 4 Interferon using Bioinformatics Techniques
... serve as mRNA right away. Transcription starts at a specific site on the DNA called a promoter. Each gene or operon has its own promoter(s). Transcription ends at a terminator sequence on the DNA. The processed transcript is the mRNA, and the information in the mRNA can be used to be "translated" in ...
... serve as mRNA right away. Transcription starts at a specific site on the DNA called a promoter. Each gene or operon has its own promoter(s). Transcription ends at a terminator sequence on the DNA. The processed transcript is the mRNA, and the information in the mRNA can be used to be "translated" in ...
NIH Public Access
... by standard extraction-based approaches, we pursued a different approach to manipulate the binding or release of XIST RNA directly within living cells. This strategy built upon a significant clue from our earlier demonstration that XIST RNA releases from the mitotic Xi during early prophase in human ...
... by standard extraction-based approaches, we pursued a different approach to manipulate the binding or release of XIST RNA directly within living cells. This strategy built upon a significant clue from our earlier demonstration that XIST RNA releases from the mitotic Xi during early prophase in human ...
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP
... treatment slightly increases IGFBP-2 mRNA expression (Clemmons 1997). We have demonstrated that TH affects the expression of IGF-I mRNA (Zhang et al. 2011a) and IGFBP-1 mRNA (Zhai et al. 2012) in P. olivaceus. But the relationship between IGFBP-2 and thyroid hormone has not been reported, and the mo ...
... treatment slightly increases IGFBP-2 mRNA expression (Clemmons 1997). We have demonstrated that TH affects the expression of IGF-I mRNA (Zhang et al. 2011a) and IGFBP-1 mRNA (Zhai et al. 2012) in P. olivaceus. But the relationship between IGFBP-2 and thyroid hormone has not been reported, and the mo ...
Epigenetic inheritance of acquired traits through sperm RNAs and
... Although details of their biogenesis remain unknown, sperm tsRNAs show altered profiles after a HFD 9 or a low-protein diet 10 in mice, after a HFD45 or an environmental-compound exposure in rats47, and in obese humans48, suggesting that sperm tsRNAs can function as sensitive markers of environme ...
... Although details of their biogenesis remain unknown, sperm tsRNAs show altered profiles after a HFD 9 or a low-protein diet 10 in mice, after a HFD45 or an environmental-compound exposure in rats47, and in obese humans48, suggesting that sperm tsRNAs can function as sensitive markers of environme ...
Transcriptional Attenuation
... phenomenon that reduces the extent or rate of transcription. In studies of bacterial gene regulation, however, it has acquired a more restricted definition and is used to describe a mechanism in which the level of transcriptional termination at a single, specific site within an operon, called an att ...
... phenomenon that reduces the extent or rate of transcription. In studies of bacterial gene regulation, however, it has acquired a more restricted definition and is used to describe a mechanism in which the level of transcriptional termination at a single, specific site within an operon, called an att ...
The Basics of RT-PCR
... tubes in the same run. This type of contamination is thus insidious, because the negative control tubes are often “clean;” therefore, unexpected positive results can be caused simply by contamination. If a contamination problem is suspected, it is sometimes helpful to perform multiple negative-contr ...
... tubes in the same run. This type of contamination is thus insidious, because the negative control tubes are often “clean;” therefore, unexpected positive results can be caused simply by contamination. If a contamination problem is suspected, it is sometimes helpful to perform multiple negative-contr ...
The use of glycogen and GlycoBlue reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA
... reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA assays as measured on the Qubit Fluorometer Glycogen (a branched-chain carbohydrate; Cat. No. 10814010) and Invitrogen™ GlycoBlue™ Coprecipitant (glycogen covalently linked to a blue dye; Cat. No. AM9515) are reagents commonly used to facilitate nucleic acid precipitatio ...
... reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA assays as measured on the Qubit Fluorometer Glycogen (a branched-chain carbohydrate; Cat. No. 10814010) and Invitrogen™ GlycoBlue™ Coprecipitant (glycogen covalently linked to a blue dye; Cat. No. AM9515) are reagents commonly used to facilitate nucleic acid precipitatio ...
Microbial Degradation of Pesticide in Soil
... the Flexibacter / Cytophaga / Bacteroides group. However, there was some overlap of species within the 2 communities, with Chrysobacterium sp. isolates from the two soils showing identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and protein profiles. A number of isoproturon degrading bacteria were isolated from Dee ...
... the Flexibacter / Cytophaga / Bacteroides group. However, there was some overlap of species within the 2 communities, with Chrysobacterium sp. isolates from the two soils showing identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and protein profiles. A number of isoproturon degrading bacteria were isolated from Dee ...
1 Tuning of recombinant protein expression in Escherichia
... In bacteria, transcription and translation are coupled, i.e., as soon as the RBS on the transcribing mRNA emerges from the RNAP, the ribosome binds the RBS and begins translation 2. The close proximity of the two processes in time and space means that there may be interactions between them. Accordin ...
... In bacteria, transcription and translation are coupled, i.e., as soon as the RBS on the transcribing mRNA emerges from the RNAP, the ribosome binds the RBS and begins translation 2. The close proximity of the two processes in time and space means that there may be interactions between them. Accordin ...
Full-Text PDF
... composition of apatite inclusions from the Isua belt in Greenland the first life on Earth appeared not later than about 3800 Myr ago, approximately 700 Myr after the planet’s formation [7]. Conversely, the earliest known microfossils, dated at 3500 Myr ago, are already structurally complex [7] and b ...
... composition of apatite inclusions from the Isua belt in Greenland the first life on Earth appeared not later than about 3800 Myr ago, approximately 700 Myr after the planet’s formation [7]. Conversely, the earliest known microfossils, dated at 3500 Myr ago, are already structurally complex [7] and b ...
Efficient expression of ribozyme and reduction of stromelysin mRNA
... treatment. The attractive features of AAV as a vector are nonpathogenicity, low immunogenicity, stable and efficient expression of transgenes from the integrated or episomal form, infection of non-dividing cells, broad host range, generation of high titer (8 x 108 IU/ml), and physically stable virio ...
... treatment. The attractive features of AAV as a vector are nonpathogenicity, low immunogenicity, stable and efficient expression of transgenes from the integrated or episomal form, infection of non-dividing cells, broad host range, generation of high titer (8 x 108 IU/ml), and physically stable virio ...
Jigsaw handout - the Biology Scholars Program Wiki
... binds to lac repressor and causes a conformation change that alters the structure of lac repressor so that it cannot bind to DNA. Therefore, in the presence of lactose, lac repressor does not bind to the operator and RNA polymerase can transcribe the genes in the lac operon. Case study (homework or ...
... binds to lac repressor and causes a conformation change that alters the structure of lac repressor so that it cannot bind to DNA. Therefore, in the presence of lactose, lac repressor does not bind to the operator and RNA polymerase can transcribe the genes in the lac operon. Case study (homework or ...
Transcripts of the MHM region on the chicken Z chromosome
... The male hypermethylated (MHM) region, located near the middle of the short arm of the Z chromosome of chickens, consists of approximately 210 tandem repeats of a BamHI 2.2-kb sequence unit. Cytosines of the CpG dinucleotides of this region are extensively methylated on the two Z chromosomes in the ...
... The male hypermethylated (MHM) region, located near the middle of the short arm of the Z chromosome of chickens, consists of approximately 210 tandem repeats of a BamHI 2.2-kb sequence unit. Cytosines of the CpG dinucleotides of this region are extensively methylated on the two Z chromosomes in the ...
HW4_final
... This is an open research question; you are requested only to write your research plan (as described below) and not conduct the research!!! As we discussed in class it has been proposed that long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can bind Transcription Factors (which usually bind double-stranded DNA) and com ...
... This is an open research question; you are requested only to write your research plan (as described below) and not conduct the research!!! As we discussed in class it has been proposed that long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can bind Transcription Factors (which usually bind double-stranded DNA) and com ...
Polyadenylation
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to a messenger RNA The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation. It, therefore, forms part of the larger process of gene expression.The process of polyadenylation begins as the transcription of a gene finishes, or terminates. The 3'-most segment of the newly made pre-mRNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the RNA's 3' end. In some genes, these proteins may add a poly(A) tail at any one of several possible sites. Therefore, polyadenylation can produce more than one transcript from a single gene (alternative polyadenylation), similar to alternative splicing.The poly(A) tail is important for the nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNA. The tail is shortened over time, and, when it is short enough, the mRNA is enzymatically degraded. However, in a few cell types, mRNAs with short poly(A) tails are stored for later activation by re-polyadenylation in the cytosol. In contrast, when polyadenylation occurs in bacteria, it promotes RNA degradation. This is also sometimes the case for eukaryotic non-coding RNAs.mRNA molecules in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have polyadenylated 3'-ends, with the prokaryotic poly(A) tails generally shorter and less mRNA molecules polyadenylated.