Three epigenetic information channels and their different roles in
... classified together mechanistically – for example as being based on DNA methylation – will have quite different evolutionary consequences depending upon the way in which they are deployed. Amongst those transgenerational epigenetic effects that are adaptive and have been selected, we distinguish bet ...
... classified together mechanistically – for example as being based on DNA methylation – will have quite different evolutionary consequences depending upon the way in which they are deployed. Amongst those transgenerational epigenetic effects that are adaptive and have been selected, we distinguish bet ...
RT2 Profiler™ PCR Arrays: Pathway
... to convert RNA into first strand cDNA, but also for the removal of genomic DNA from the RNA in the same simple two-step 30-minute reaction. A proprietary genomic DNA elimination buffer completely removes any residual genomic DNA from your RNA sample. Then, the optimized formulation also allows you to ...
... to convert RNA into first strand cDNA, but also for the removal of genomic DNA from the RNA in the same simple two-step 30-minute reaction. A proprietary genomic DNA elimination buffer completely removes any residual genomic DNA from your RNA sample. Then, the optimized formulation also allows you to ...
Increased Expression of c-jun, junB, AP
... mRNA encoding amino acids 137-152 of the c-Fos protein (Curran et al., 1987); c-&n, 45 and 48 bases long, complementary to mouse c-&n mRNA encoding amino acids 123-137 and 2655280 of the c-Jun protein (Lamph et ai., 1988);junB, 48 bases long, complementary to mouse iunB mRNA encoding amino acids 195 ...
... mRNA encoding amino acids 137-152 of the c-Fos protein (Curran et al., 1987); c-&n, 45 and 48 bases long, complementary to mouse c-&n mRNA encoding amino acids 123-137 and 2655280 of the c-Jun protein (Lamph et ai., 1988);junB, 48 bases long, complementary to mouse iunB mRNA encoding amino acids 195 ...
Expression of Allene Oxide Synthase Determines - Bio
... A partial cDNA for the tomato AOS was isolated using degenerate primers designed on the basis of published sequences of the Arabidopsis, flax, and guayule rubber AOS sequences. The 5⬘ and 3⬘ ends of the gene were later isolated by RACE, and the complete cDNA was sequenced in its entirety (Fig. 1a). ...
... A partial cDNA for the tomato AOS was isolated using degenerate primers designed on the basis of published sequences of the Arabidopsis, flax, and guayule rubber AOS sequences. The 5⬘ and 3⬘ ends of the gene were later isolated by RACE, and the complete cDNA was sequenced in its entirety (Fig. 1a). ...
Quantitative trait loci associated with maximal exercise endurance in
... doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01328.2006.—The role of genetics in the determination of maximal exercise endurance is unclear. Six- to nine-week-old F2 mice (n ⫽ 99; 60 female, 39 male), derived from an intercross of two inbred strains that had previously been phenotyped as having high maximal exercise en ...
... doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01328.2006.—The role of genetics in the determination of maximal exercise endurance is unclear. Six- to nine-week-old F2 mice (n ⫽ 99; 60 female, 39 male), derived from an intercross of two inbred strains that had previously been phenotyped as having high maximal exercise en ...
DOPAMINERGIC AUGMENTATION of HUMAN FEAR EXTINCTION
... In terms of the emotional experience of fear, this statement does not seem to be true. Everybody experienced emotional states of fear during their lifetime and no one has enjoyed this situation. Nevertheless, fear is an essential part of our emotional sensations (e.g. Öhman et al. 2004) and has cruc ...
... In terms of the emotional experience of fear, this statement does not seem to be true. Everybody experienced emotional states of fear during their lifetime and no one has enjoyed this situation. Nevertheless, fear is an essential part of our emotional sensations (e.g. Öhman et al. 2004) and has cruc ...
Memory
... – Robert Siegler (1998) described three mechanisms that work together to create changes in children’s cognitive skills: • Encoding: The process by which information gets into memory. • Automaticity: The ability to process information with little or no effort. • Strategy construction: The creation of ...
... – Robert Siegler (1998) described three mechanisms that work together to create changes in children’s cognitive skills: • Encoding: The process by which information gets into memory. • Automaticity: The ability to process information with little or no effort. • Strategy construction: The creation of ...
Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing
... Three additional types of functional RNA perform specialized functions in eukaryotic cells only. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) of various types is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where it participates in mRNA processing. Certain snRNAs unite with nuclear proteins to form ribonucleoprotein com ...
... Three additional types of functional RNA perform specialized functions in eukaryotic cells only. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) of various types is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where it participates in mRNA processing. Certain snRNAs unite with nuclear proteins to form ribonucleoprotein com ...
inactivation of the odontogenic ameloblast
... and Novick, 1997; Wade-Gueye et al., 2010; Yoshitake et al., 1999), we have therefore challenged our Odam KO mice by (1) placing them for extended periods of time in a conventional non-sterile vivarium (replicating conditions leading to periodontal disease) and (2) injuring the JE by gingivectomy to ...
... and Novick, 1997; Wade-Gueye et al., 2010; Yoshitake et al., 1999), we have therefore challenged our Odam KO mice by (1) placing them for extended periods of time in a conventional non-sterile vivarium (replicating conditions leading to periodontal disease) and (2) injuring the JE by gingivectomy to ...
Additional Table 1. Genotype and phenotype of the
... kb, 45,265,479-45,828,359, genomic build hg 18). Two genes involved, one has an OMIM entry (PRKCE ). Chr. 20p21.1 del (approximately 218 kb, 14,823,878-15,041,954, genomic yes build hg 18). One gene involved (MACROD2 ). No parental studies were performed. The clinical significance of these copy numb ...
... kb, 45,265,479-45,828,359, genomic build hg 18). Two genes involved, one has an OMIM entry (PRKCE ). Chr. 20p21.1 del (approximately 218 kb, 14,823,878-15,041,954, genomic yes build hg 18). One gene involved (MACROD2 ). No parental studies were performed. The clinical significance of these copy numb ...
The Interplay of Temperature and Genotype on Patterns
... ABSTRACT Alternative splicing is the highly regulated process of variation in the removal of introns from premessenger-RNA transcripts. The consequences of alternative splicing on the phenotype are well documented, but the impact of the environment on alternative splicing is not yet clear. We studie ...
... ABSTRACT Alternative splicing is the highly regulated process of variation in the removal of introns from premessenger-RNA transcripts. The consequences of alternative splicing on the phenotype are well documented, but the impact of the environment on alternative splicing is not yet clear. We studie ...
Evolution of Closely Linked Gene Pairs in
... functional entity, a monocistronic coding sequence of which the expression is controlled by an autonomous promoter. In fact, there is a significant clustering of genes in the mammalian genome where the genes in these clusters show coordinate expression (Hurst et al. 2004; The FANTOM Consortium 2005; ...
... functional entity, a monocistronic coding sequence of which the expression is controlled by an autonomous promoter. In fact, there is a significant clustering of genes in the mammalian genome where the genes in these clusters show coordinate expression (Hurst et al. 2004; The FANTOM Consortium 2005; ...
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG promoter region contains a
... is in the correct orientation to promote expression of the luciferase gene. The 262 bp HindIII–SphI fragment of pK20 containing the katG upstream activator region (UAR) was cloned upstream of the PAN promoter in pLPan to form pLPuar. The structures of all the above constructs were confirmed by DNA s ...
... is in the correct orientation to promote expression of the luciferase gene. The 262 bp HindIII–SphI fragment of pK20 containing the katG upstream activator region (UAR) was cloned upstream of the PAN promoter in pLPan to form pLPuar. The structures of all the above constructs were confirmed by DNA s ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... 1B) show little if any nod gene-inducing activity when strain RBL5284, harboring the nodDI gene of R. meliloti, is used as an indicator. The other two indicator strains show significant background activity (Fig. 1B and 1C). Therefore, ,B-galactosidase production by strain RBL5284 can be used as a sp ...
... 1B) show little if any nod gene-inducing activity when strain RBL5284, harboring the nodDI gene of R. meliloti, is used as an indicator. The other two indicator strains show significant background activity (Fig. 1B and 1C). Therefore, ,B-galactosidase production by strain RBL5284 can be used as a sp ...
Network properties of human disease genes with pleiotropic effects
... profiles with their interactors could be explained by different biological functions. Hence, we used Gene Ontology (GO) to functionally characterize the essential and phenodiv genes for their cellular component, molecular function and biological process (Additional files 1 and 2). GO analysis of ess ...
... profiles with their interactors could be explained by different biological functions. Hence, we used Gene Ontology (GO) to functionally characterize the essential and phenodiv genes for their cellular component, molecular function and biological process (Additional files 1 and 2). GO analysis of ess ...
Coexposure of Neonatal Mice to a Flame
... Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to environmental pollutants during early human development can have deleterious effects on cognitive development. The interaction between environmental pollutants is suggested as one reason for the observed defective neurological development in children ...
... Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to environmental pollutants during early human development can have deleterious effects on cognitive development. The interaction between environmental pollutants is suggested as one reason for the observed defective neurological development in children ...
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive
... metal-chelating substance, respectively. Loss of the green color occurs during the subsequent opening of the porphyrin macrocycle of pheophorbide (pheide) a by the coupled action of pheide a oxygenase (PAO) and red chl catabolite reductase (RCCR). This yields a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC), ...
... metal-chelating substance, respectively. Loss of the green color occurs during the subsequent opening of the porphyrin macrocycle of pheophorbide (pheide) a by the coupled action of pheide a oxygenase (PAO) and red chl catabolite reductase (RCCR). This yields a primary fluorescent catabolite (pFCC), ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Floral Boundary Formation in Arabidopsis
... The mutant in MIR164c has extra petals in early-arising flowers that were proposed to be associated with the additional boundary domains formed in the second whorl [67]. The petal-specific function of EEP1 is controlled in part by the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor RABITT EARS (RBE) [8]. RBE ...
... The mutant in MIR164c has extra petals in early-arising flowers that were proposed to be associated with the additional boundary domains formed in the second whorl [67]. The petal-specific function of EEP1 is controlled in part by the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor RABITT EARS (RBE) [8]. RBE ...
RNA-based regulation of genes of tryptophan synthesis
... and/or nitrogen during tryptophan formation. Two of the tryptophan pathway enzymes scription initiation is regulated by a often function as polypeptide complexes: anthranilate synthase, consisting of the TrpG DNA-binding protein, the L-tryptoand TrpE polypeptides, and tryptophan synthase, consisting ...
... and/or nitrogen during tryptophan formation. Two of the tryptophan pathway enzymes scription initiation is regulated by a often function as polypeptide complexes: anthranilate synthase, consisting of the TrpG DNA-binding protein, the L-tryptoand TrpE polypeptides, and tryptophan synthase, consisting ...
Transcriptional Attenuation
... phenomenon that reduces the extent or rate of transcription. In studies of bacterial gene regulation, however, it has acquired a more restricted definition and is used to describe a mechanism in which the level of transcriptional termination at a single, specific site within an operon, called an att ...
... phenomenon that reduces the extent or rate of transcription. In studies of bacterial gene regulation, however, it has acquired a more restricted definition and is used to describe a mechanism in which the level of transcriptional termination at a single, specific site within an operon, called an att ...
Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... stimulus was facilitated; by itself, the flash did not evoke the escape response. Through whole-cell electrophysiological recordings from the Mauthner cell in paralyzed fish embedded in agar, the investigators found that the preceding visual stimulus significantly enhanced the compound synaptic curr ...
... stimulus was facilitated; by itself, the flash did not evoke the escape response. Through whole-cell electrophysiological recordings from the Mauthner cell in paralyzed fish embedded in agar, the investigators found that the preceding visual stimulus significantly enhanced the compound synaptic curr ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... Figure 2. R,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum radiatum from neuron k in region CA3 to neuron i in region CAl. For clarity in the examples showing heteroassociative memory function, the synaptic connectivity matrix in s. l-m (&,,) was assumed to consist of the identity matrix, such ...
... Figure 2. R,, represents the strength of each synapse in stratum radiatum from neuron k in region CA3 to neuron i in region CAl. For clarity in the examples showing heteroassociative memory function, the synaptic connectivity matrix in s. l-m (&,,) was assumed to consist of the identity matrix, such ...
Increased transcription rates correlate with increased reversion rates
... would be expected to have higher rates of transcription and mutation than cells that can not activate derepressed genes (relA mutants). In addition, inactivation of a repressor would also be expected to increase transcription and thereby affect mutation rates. Unlike the situation in regulated strai ...
... would be expected to have higher rates of transcription and mutation than cells that can not activate derepressed genes (relA mutants). In addition, inactivation of a repressor would also be expected to increase transcription and thereby affect mutation rates. Unlike the situation in regulated strai ...
Retrotransposon-Mediated Fgf5go-Utr Mutant Mice
... in Moscow [1]. The latter gene is known as angora-Y, go-Y, and was shown to be allelic with go [2]. Hebert et al. [6] also clearly demonstrated that the go phenotype is caused by deletion of most of exon 1 and a 2-kb sequence immediately upstream of the translational initiation site of Fgf5, resulti ...
... in Moscow [1]. The latter gene is known as angora-Y, go-Y, and was shown to be allelic with go [2]. Hebert et al. [6] also clearly demonstrated that the go phenotype is caused by deletion of most of exon 1 and a 2-kb sequence immediately upstream of the translational initiation site of Fgf5, resulti ...
Characterization of lysine decarboxylase
... Two LDC-negative strains were used for complementation experiments: one representative of PT4 strains (E-1211) and the other representative of PT14b strains (E-1217). The LDC phenotype of both strains was restored following transformation with pUC18-cadBA, pUC18-cadC and pUC19-cadC. However, the int ...
... Two LDC-negative strains were used for complementation experiments: one representative of PT4 strains (E-1211) and the other representative of PT14b strains (E-1217). The LDC phenotype of both strains was restored following transformation with pUC18-cadBA, pUC18-cadC and pUC19-cadC. However, the int ...