The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... APC/C is composed of at least a dozen different subunits (TABLE 1), but it can only ubiquitylate substrates with the help of three cofactors, the ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzyme, a ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme and a co-activator protein. APC/C cofactors. Like all E3 enzymes, APC/C uses ubiquit ...
... APC/C is composed of at least a dozen different subunits (TABLE 1), but it can only ubiquitylate substrates with the help of three cofactors, the ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzyme, a ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme and a co-activator protein. APC/C cofactors. Like all E3 enzymes, APC/C uses ubiquit ...
[pdf]
... the TEK-box. Strikingly, homologous TEK-boxes are found in APC/C substrates, where they facilitate chain nucleation. We propose that recognition of similar motifs in substrates and ubiquitin enables the APC/C to assemble ubiquitin chains with the specificity and efficiency required for tight cell-cy ...
... the TEK-box. Strikingly, homologous TEK-boxes are found in APC/C substrates, where they facilitate chain nucleation. We propose that recognition of similar motifs in substrates and ubiquitin enables the APC/C to assemble ubiquitin chains with the specificity and efficiency required for tight cell-cy ...
Author`s post-print - Cardiff Metropolitan University
... clinicians relied on antibiotics and more sophisticated dressings started to become available. Within the past ten years honey has been re-introduced into modern medicine in many developed countries. Although varying types of floral honey have been used clinically, manuka honey from New Zealand is t ...
... clinicians relied on antibiotics and more sophisticated dressings started to become available. Within the past ten years honey has been re-introduced into modern medicine in many developed countries. Although varying types of floral honey have been used clinically, manuka honey from New Zealand is t ...
... the recruitment both of alveolar and interstitial macrophages, i.e. chemotactic attraction of monocytes from the lung blood pool and local replication in the lung. There is convincing evidence that bone marrow derived blood monocytes migrate into the alveoli both under steadystate conditions and dur ...
Calcium Oscillations and its Functional Significance in
... Regulation of metabolism. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i are also integrated at the level of the metabolic response. In hepatocytes, vasopressin-induced [Ca2+]i oscillation with the frequency of 0.5/min induces mitochondrial redox responses that were effectively maintained close to the peak response75. By ...
... Regulation of metabolism. Oscillations in [Ca2+]i are also integrated at the level of the metabolic response. In hepatocytes, vasopressin-induced [Ca2+]i oscillation with the frequency of 0.5/min induces mitochondrial redox responses that were effectively maintained close to the peak response75. By ...
Retention in the Golgi apparatus and expression on the cell surface
... all samples with anti-Cfr serum. (B) Effect of inhibitors for lysosomal enzymes or proteasomes on protein expression of FLAG–Cfr–GPI in Ba/F3 cells. Ba/F3 cells expressing FLAG–Cfr–GPI were incubated with a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor (NH4 Cl), a proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) or solvent (None) for 12 ...
... all samples with anti-Cfr serum. (B) Effect of inhibitors for lysosomal enzymes or proteasomes on protein expression of FLAG–Cfr–GPI in Ba/F3 cells. Ba/F3 cells expressing FLAG–Cfr–GPI were incubated with a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor (NH4 Cl), a proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) or solvent (None) for 12 ...
Leukotriene B4 Triggers the In Vitro and In Vivo
... Vero cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and cultured in DMEM medium (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich), L-glutamine, and penicillin-streptomycin. TZM-bl (30), a modified HeLa cell derivative susceptible to infection by M- (R5) and T-tropic (X4) isola ...
... Vero cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and cultured in DMEM medium (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich), L-glutamine, and penicillin-streptomycin. TZM-bl (30), a modified HeLa cell derivative susceptible to infection by M- (R5) and T-tropic (X4) isola ...
Spatial and temporal in vivo analysis of circulating
... cells. Infection induces an increase in the number of hemocytes, and tubulin and nuclear staining showed that this increase is primarily due to mitosis and, more specifically, autonomous cell division, by circulating granulocytes. The majority of sessile hemocytes are present on the abdominal wall, ...
... cells. Infection induces an increase in the number of hemocytes, and tubulin and nuclear staining showed that this increase is primarily due to mitosis and, more specifically, autonomous cell division, by circulating granulocytes. The majority of sessile hemocytes are present on the abdominal wall, ...
Plant hormones and growth regulators
... selective ion transport of the plasma membrane. Epstein (1961) examined the competition between different monovalent cations and reported that Ca2+ (0.1 to 1.0 mM), but not Mg2+, promoted the uptake of potassium in the presence of sodium. Thus, Ca2+e by some mechanism, imparts selectivity to the ion ...
... selective ion transport of the plasma membrane. Epstein (1961) examined the competition between different monovalent cations and reported that Ca2+ (0.1 to 1.0 mM), but not Mg2+, promoted the uptake of potassium in the presence of sodium. Thus, Ca2+e by some mechanism, imparts selectivity to the ion ...
Donohoe, B.S., B. - University of Colorado-MCDB
... COPIa-type vesicles. (vi) In S. dubia the C2 cisternae are capable of mediating the self-assembly of scale protein complexes. (vii) In plants, ∼90% of native α-mannosidase I localizes to medial Golgi cisternae. (viii) Biochemical activation of cis cisternae appears to coincide with their conversion ...
... COPIa-type vesicles. (vi) In S. dubia the C2 cisternae are capable of mediating the self-assembly of scale protein complexes. (vii) In plants, ∼90% of native α-mannosidase I localizes to medial Golgi cisternae. (viii) Biochemical activation of cis cisternae appears to coincide with their conversion ...
DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE Tbx5 is required for forelimb bud
... Forelimbs fail to form following deletion of Tbx5 in the cells of the developing forelimb To examine the function of Tbx5 in forelimb development, we genetically inactivated the gene in the limb buds by generating mice carrying the Tbx5 conditional allele, Tbx5lox/lox (Bruneau et al., 2001) and a tr ...
... Forelimbs fail to form following deletion of Tbx5 in the cells of the developing forelimb To examine the function of Tbx5 in forelimb development, we genetically inactivated the gene in the limb buds by generating mice carrying the Tbx5 conditional allele, Tbx5lox/lox (Bruneau et al., 2001) and a tr ...
The RING Domain of Mdm2 Can Inhibit Cell
... biquitin chains that are necessary for recognition by the proteasome (20). One possibility is that mono-ubiquitination of p53 is required to expose a nuclear export signal, and that p53 polyubiquitination and degradation then proceed in the cytoplasm (21–23). Because Mdm2 is a direct transcriptional ...
... biquitin chains that are necessary for recognition by the proteasome (20). One possibility is that mono-ubiquitination of p53 is required to expose a nuclear export signal, and that p53 polyubiquitination and degradation then proceed in the cytoplasm (21–23). Because Mdm2 is a direct transcriptional ...
life cycle, cell wall and cell signal transduction
... proteins in Pneumocystis. MSG is important for pathogenesis as it is involved in adhesion to lung alveolar epithelial cells and evasion of host defenses. The MSG is also the target for host immune defenses as it is a major antigen recognized by antisera of exposed hosts (Haidaris et al. 1992). Antig ...
... proteins in Pneumocystis. MSG is important for pathogenesis as it is involved in adhesion to lung alveolar epithelial cells and evasion of host defenses. The MSG is also the target for host immune defenses as it is a major antigen recognized by antisera of exposed hosts (Haidaris et al. 1992). Antig ...
Investigations on Mitochondrial Pleomorphy and
... Figure 1.4 Key metabolic and ROS links between mitochondria, peroxisomes and chloroplasts 10 Figure 1.5 Sequential events leading to peroxisome and mitochondria fission reveals morphological similarities in the division pathway. ................................................. 12 Figure 1.6 Fluores ...
... Figure 1.4 Key metabolic and ROS links between mitochondria, peroxisomes and chloroplasts 10 Figure 1.5 Sequential events leading to peroxisome and mitochondria fission reveals morphological similarities in the division pathway. ................................................. 12 Figure 1.6 Fluores ...
PDF
... cells. GST-Smo557-686 fusion protein pull-down has been described (Liu et al., 2007). His-Cos2MB and His-Cos2CT were constructed by fusing Cos2 corresponding sequence to the pET30 vector, expressed in E. coli, and purified with the His resins (Clontech). Antibodies used in this study were mouse anti ...
... cells. GST-Smo557-686 fusion protein pull-down has been described (Liu et al., 2007). His-Cos2MB and His-Cos2CT were constructed by fusing Cos2 corresponding sequence to the pET30 vector, expressed in E. coli, and purified with the His resins (Clontech). Antibodies used in this study were mouse anti ...
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
... It is inactivated by oxidizing agents and the salts of the heavy metals. Since the inactivation can be reversed by H 2 S or HCN, Meyer, Thompson, Palmer and Kharazo (10) determined that one active group in the lysozyme molecule is the sulfhydryl radical. Ermoleva (14) determined ...
... It is inactivated by oxidizing agents and the salts of the heavy metals. Since the inactivation can be reversed by H 2 S or HCN, Meyer, Thompson, Palmer and Kharazo (10) determined that one active group in the lysozyme molecule is the sulfhydryl radical. Ermoleva (14) determined ...
Arabidopsis VILLIN4 is involved in root hair growth through
... component of eukaryotic cells. It has crucial functions in many physiological processes, including cell growth, cell morphology and motility. Its dynamics and organization are precisely controlled spatially and temporally by numerous actin-binding proteins (ABPs) (Dos Remedios et al., 2003). In plan ...
... component of eukaryotic cells. It has crucial functions in many physiological processes, including cell growth, cell morphology and motility. Its dynamics and organization are precisely controlled spatially and temporally by numerous actin-binding proteins (ABPs) (Dos Remedios et al., 2003). In plan ...
Lipolysis Exposes Unreactive Endogenous Apolipoprotein E-3
... bovine milk lipoprotein lipase were added and the incubation was carried out in a shaking water bath at 370C for 10-20 min, until partial or complete clearance of the mixtures was observed. Lipolysis was stopped by increasing the density of the medium to 1.055 g/ml with solid KBr. A control (unlipol ...
... bovine milk lipoprotein lipase were added and the incubation was carried out in a shaking water bath at 370C for 10-20 min, until partial or complete clearance of the mixtures was observed. Lipolysis was stopped by increasing the density of the medium to 1.055 g/ml with solid KBr. A control (unlipol ...
The Role of Auxin in Abscission of Organs and Tissues
... The Role of Auxin in Abscission of Organs and Tissues Abstract Most deciduous trees drop their leaves before winter, a process which is referred to as leaf abscission. Leaf abscission is thought to be regulated by the action of auxin and ethylene. In order to test the function of auxin in leaf absc ...
... The Role of Auxin in Abscission of Organs and Tissues Abstract Most deciduous trees drop their leaves before winter, a process which is referred to as leaf abscission. Leaf abscission is thought to be regulated by the action of auxin and ethylene. In order to test the function of auxin in leaf absc ...
1 - The Mostowy Lab
... from ubiquitination and autophagic recognition [23,24]. Therefore, ActA-expressing Listeria are not targeted to autophagic degradation. These findings suggest that host Box 1. Canonical autophagy versus non-canonical autophagy Canonical autophagy includes three different pathways: macroautophagy (he ...
... from ubiquitination and autophagic recognition [23,24]. Therefore, ActA-expressing Listeria are not targeted to autophagic degradation. These findings suggest that host Box 1. Canonical autophagy versus non-canonical autophagy Canonical autophagy includes three different pathways: macroautophagy (he ...
Animal Models in Eye Research
... of the greatest debates in the eye field is how many times eyes have evolved independently during evolution and if there is a common ancestor. Based on the different types, it is obvious that eyes have evolved more than once. Also embryology teaches us that in different species eyes derive from diff ...
... of the greatest debates in the eye field is how many times eyes have evolved independently during evolution and if there is a common ancestor. Based on the different types, it is obvious that eyes have evolved more than once. Also embryology teaches us that in different species eyes derive from diff ...
lysis strategy of streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages
... We were able to demonstrate that, in the absence of the phage lytic enzyme, LytA by itself mediates extensive bacterial lysis, accompanied by the release of a large amount of fully functional phages capable of completing their life cycle since phage plaques were clearly detected. The overwhelming ma ...
... We were able to demonstrate that, in the absence of the phage lytic enzyme, LytA by itself mediates extensive bacterial lysis, accompanied by the release of a large amount of fully functional phages capable of completing their life cycle since phage plaques were clearly detected. The overwhelming ma ...
LIEDER Prepared Microscope Slides Multimedia
... Basic component of the program are the A, B, C and D series comprising of 175 microscope slides. The four series are arranged systematically and constructively compiled, so that each enlarges the subject line of the proceeding one. They contain slides of typical micro-organisms, of cell division and ...
... Basic component of the program are the A, B, C and D series comprising of 175 microscope slides. The four series are arranged systematically and constructively compiled, so that each enlarges the subject line of the proceeding one. They contain slides of typical micro-organisms, of cell division and ...
Linkage Novel Type of Antigen with an Isopeptide Peptide Splicing
... partner in ligation reactions. Indeed, peptide splicing involving a large variety of C-terminal fragments can be readily observed in vitro (14, 15). Although the concentration of precursor fragments is one of the driving factors of the splicing reaction (14), we show in an accompanying article (16) ...
... partner in ligation reactions. Indeed, peptide splicing involving a large variety of C-terminal fragments can be readily observed in vitro (14, 15). Although the concentration of precursor fragments is one of the driving factors of the splicing reaction (14), we show in an accompanying article (16) ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.