Reduced Activity of Antioxidant Machinery Is
... walls, represent a very efficient experimental model and are also valuable tools for biotechnological applications, such as somatic hybridization and genetic transformation, providing they exhibit totipotency, i.e. can regenerate to produce whole plants. However, protoplasts from most of the agricul ...
... walls, represent a very efficient experimental model and are also valuable tools for biotechnological applications, such as somatic hybridization and genetic transformation, providing they exhibit totipotency, i.e. can regenerate to produce whole plants. However, protoplasts from most of the agricul ...
Induction and Fixation of Polarity -Early Steps in Plant Morphogenesis
... origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “polarity”. This concept simply designates the specific orientation of activity in space and inv ...
... origins. This process includes a chain of basic events whereby two poles develop along an originally more or less homogeneous axis. Since the eighteenth century such phenomena are referred to by the term “polarity”. This concept simply designates the specific orientation of activity in space and inv ...
Regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis
... Guard cells are specialized cells that form stomatal pores at the leaf epidermis and mediate gas exchange between the plant and the environment. Environmental and internal signals such as light, plant hormones, biotic, and abiotic stresses regulate stomatal opening and closing (Melotto et al., 2008; ...
... Guard cells are specialized cells that form stomatal pores at the leaf epidermis and mediate gas exchange between the plant and the environment. Environmental and internal signals such as light, plant hormones, biotic, and abiotic stresses regulate stomatal opening and closing (Melotto et al., 2008; ...
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... mouse oocytes. (A) Rate of specific glycine transport by GLYT1 in GV oocytes during meiotic progression (MI and MII) and the earliest stages of preimplantation embryogenesis (one- to eight-cell as indicated). The specific GLYT1 transport rate was calculated from the data shown in B. Bars that do not ...
... mouse oocytes. (A) Rate of specific glycine transport by GLYT1 in GV oocytes during meiotic progression (MI and MII) and the earliest stages of preimplantation embryogenesis (one- to eight-cell as indicated). The specific GLYT1 transport rate was calculated from the data shown in B. Bars that do not ...
Three distinct ribosome assemblies modulated by translation are the
... the small and large ribosomal subunit, respectively, are present along sucrose fractions as revealed by Western blotting analysis. Actin is used as a control for nonribosomal fractions and does not cosediment with ribosomes, ribosomal subunits, and polysomes. (d) Magnification of MCF7 cytoplasm immu ...
... the small and large ribosomal subunit, respectively, are present along sucrose fractions as revealed by Western blotting analysis. Actin is used as a control for nonribosomal fractions and does not cosediment with ribosomes, ribosomal subunits, and polysomes. (d) Magnification of MCF7 cytoplasm immu ...
The Notochord and Floor Plate Guide Growth Cones
... floor plate is difficult to discern from cross-sections of spinal cords. For example, mistakes such as turning ipsilaterally rather than contralaterally or posteriorly rather than anteriorly in the floor plate region by some but not all axons would be difficult to detect. Since it is unclear whether ...
... floor plate is difficult to discern from cross-sections of spinal cords. For example, mistakes such as turning ipsilaterally rather than contralaterally or posteriorly rather than anteriorly in the floor plate region by some but not all axons would be difficult to detect. Since it is unclear whether ...
Ca signaling and early embryonic patterning during zebrafish
... Figure 2. Representative examples of the Ca2+ signaling events that occur during the early development of zebrafish embryos. Imaging sequences are shown during: (A) the CP; (B) BP, and (C) GP as well as during (Di) somitogenesis, (Dii) head development and (Diii) tail formation in the early SP. (A) ...
... Figure 2. Representative examples of the Ca2+ signaling events that occur during the early development of zebrafish embryos. Imaging sequences are shown during: (A) the CP; (B) BP, and (C) GP as well as during (Di) somitogenesis, (Dii) head development and (Diii) tail formation in the early SP. (A) ...
Mechanical motion promotes expression of Prg4
... (C) Sections of the knee joints depicted in B (n = 6 running or 6 control mice). For each mouse, the total number of b-galactosidaseexpressing cells in five sections of the lateral condyles and five sections of the medial condyles in both knees was quantitated. (D) The knees of either control or run ...
... (C) Sections of the knee joints depicted in B (n = 6 running or 6 control mice). For each mouse, the total number of b-galactosidaseexpressing cells in five sections of the lateral condyles and five sections of the medial condyles in both knees was quantitated. (D) The knees of either control or run ...
Gametogenesis: Conversion of Germ Cells Into Male and Female
... during either the first or the second meiotic division of the germ cells, may involve the autosomes or sex chromosomes. In women, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities, including nondisjunction, increases with age, especially at 35 years and older. Occasionally nondisjunction occurs during mitos ...
... during either the first or the second meiotic division of the germ cells, may involve the autosomes or sex chromosomes. In women, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities, including nondisjunction, increases with age, especially at 35 years and older. Occasionally nondisjunction occurs during mitos ...
Section Summaries With IPC Review • Concise two
... IPC Review The first part of this Study Guide will help you review the concepts from Integrated Physics and Chemistry (IPC) that will be tested on the TAKS, in grade 10 and grade 11. In addition, there are • vocabulary terms from IPC and • key formulas from IPC, with practice in using each of the fo ...
... IPC Review The first part of this Study Guide will help you review the concepts from Integrated Physics and Chemistry (IPC) that will be tested on the TAKS, in grade 10 and grade 11. In addition, there are • vocabulary terms from IPC and • key formulas from IPC, with practice in using each of the fo ...
Class II Histone Deacetylases Are Directly Recruited by BCL6
... repressors are capable of recruiting other co-repressors. Indeed, C-terminal binding protein might interact with Drosophila TTK (21), whereas another unrelated co-repressor, termed BCoR, specifically binds to BCL6 in a silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors/nuclear receptor co-represso ...
... repressors are capable of recruiting other co-repressors. Indeed, C-terminal binding protein might interact with Drosophila TTK (21), whereas another unrelated co-repressor, termed BCoR, specifically binds to BCL6 in a silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors/nuclear receptor co-represso ...
Direct Interaction between Survivin and Smac/DIABLO Is Essential
... grade. Restriction enzymes were mostly purchased from New England BioLabs. Medium compounds were obtained from Oxid. The majority of biochemical reagents were ordered from Sigma. Trypan blue was purchased from Invitrogen. Cell Culture and Transfection—HeLa cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modifie ...
... grade. Restriction enzymes were mostly purchased from New England BioLabs. Medium compounds were obtained from Oxid. The majority of biochemical reagents were ordered from Sigma. Trypan blue was purchased from Invitrogen. Cell Culture and Transfection—HeLa cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modifie ...
Host cell interactions of outer membrane vesicle-associated
... endothelial cells (HBMEC), and renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC) in a timedependent manner (Fig 2A, 2D and 2G). There were no significant differences between OMVs from NSF (5791/99) and SF (493/89) EHEC O157 strains, and OMVs containing (5791/99, 493/89) and lacking (493/89Δstx2a) Stx2a (Fi ...
... endothelial cells (HBMEC), and renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC) in a timedependent manner (Fig 2A, 2D and 2G). There were no significant differences between OMVs from NSF (5791/99) and SF (493/89) EHEC O157 strains, and OMVs containing (5791/99, 493/89) and lacking (493/89Δstx2a) Stx2a (Fi ...
Vesicles versus Tubes: is ER-Golgi Transport in
... There is general consensus that in all eukaryotes anterograde protein transport out of ...
... There is general consensus that in all eukaryotes anterograde protein transport out of ...
NUBBIN and JAGGED define stamen and carpel
... outgrowth in mutants that ectopically develop bracts (Dinneny et al., 2004; Ohno et al., 2004). However, when JAG activity is removed from bop1,2 double mutants, which also develop ectopic bracts, no suppression of the bop-mutant phenotype was seen (Norberg et al., 2005). The observation that ectopi ...
... outgrowth in mutants that ectopically develop bracts (Dinneny et al., 2004; Ohno et al., 2004). However, when JAG activity is removed from bop1,2 double mutants, which also develop ectopic bracts, no suppression of the bop-mutant phenotype was seen (Norberg et al., 2005). The observation that ectopi ...
The Plant Actin Cytoskeleton Responds to Signals from Microbe
... infection, we imaged actin filament arrays in cotyledons with spinning disk confocal microscopy (SDCM) at various time-points after dip-inoculation with DC3000 and hrpH (Figure 1). Epidermal pavement cells from Arabidopsis cotyledons, display two populations of actin filaments in the cortical cytopl ...
... infection, we imaged actin filament arrays in cotyledons with spinning disk confocal microscopy (SDCM) at various time-points after dip-inoculation with DC3000 and hrpH (Figure 1). Epidermal pavement cells from Arabidopsis cotyledons, display two populations of actin filaments in the cortical cytopl ...
Binding of Thrombin to Subendothelial Extracellular Matrix
... were of reagent grade, purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. Cells. Cultures of bovine corneal endothelial cells were established from steer eyes, as previously described (35). Stock cultures were maintained in DME (1 g glucose/liter) supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum, 5% FCS, pencillin (50 U/ml) ...
... were of reagent grade, purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. Cells. Cultures of bovine corneal endothelial cells were established from steer eyes, as previously described (35). Stock cultures were maintained in DME (1 g glucose/liter) supplemented with 10% bovine calf serum, 5% FCS, pencillin (50 U/ml) ...
www.drmichaellevin.org
... Wood, 1997; Levin, 1998; Levin and Mercola, 1998]. Within the last few years, some understanding of the molecular basis for LR patterning has been gained through the characterization of a cascade of asymmetrically expressed genes in the chick [Levin et al., 1995, 1997; Isaac et al., 1997]. The most ...
... Wood, 1997; Levin, 1998; Levin and Mercola, 1998]. Within the last few years, some understanding of the molecular basis for LR patterning has been gained through the characterization of a cascade of asymmetrically expressed genes in the chick [Levin et al., 1995, 1997; Isaac et al., 1997]. The most ...
Sears JC and Broihier HT
... neural stem cell homeostasis, neuronal polarity, neurite outgrowth, synaptic function, and memory consolidation (Christensen et al., 2011; la Torre-Ubieta et al., 2010; Paik et al., 2009; Renault et al., 2009; Salih et al., 2012). In addition, we previously found that the sole FoxO ortholog in Droso ...
... neural stem cell homeostasis, neuronal polarity, neurite outgrowth, synaptic function, and memory consolidation (Christensen et al., 2011; la Torre-Ubieta et al., 2010; Paik et al., 2009; Renault et al., 2009; Salih et al., 2012). In addition, we previously found that the sole FoxO ortholog in Droso ...
Isolation and characterization of the Pin1/Ess1p homologue in
... UV sensitivity. Furthermore, the pin1∆ allele caused a synthetic growth defect when combined with either cdc2522 or wee1-50 but not the cdc24-1 temperature-sensitive mutant. The pin1∆ strain showed increased sensitivity to the PP1/PP2A family phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, suggesting that Pin1 ...
... UV sensitivity. Furthermore, the pin1∆ allele caused a synthetic growth defect when combined with either cdc2522 or wee1-50 but not the cdc24-1 temperature-sensitive mutant. The pin1∆ strain showed increased sensitivity to the PP1/PP2A family phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, suggesting that Pin1 ...
Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and cardiovascular disease
... described above (Chen et al. 2011), there is strong evidence that these processes are important in the adult cardiac tissue (Coleman et al. 1987; Delettre et al. 2001; Santel et al. 2003). For example, the proteins involved in fusion and fission are highly expressed in the adult heart (Delettre et a ...
... described above (Chen et al. 2011), there is strong evidence that these processes are important in the adult cardiac tissue (Coleman et al. 1987; Delettre et al. 2001; Santel et al. 2003). For example, the proteins involved in fusion and fission are highly expressed in the adult heart (Delettre et a ...
Murine Regulatory T Cells Contain Hyperproliferative and Death
... Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for self-tolerance. It has been an enigma that Treg exhibit an anergic phenotype reflected by hypoproliferation in vitro after TCR stimulation but undergo vigorous proliferation in vivo. We report in this study that murine Treg are prone to death but hyperprolif ...
... Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for self-tolerance. It has been an enigma that Treg exhibit an anergic phenotype reflected by hypoproliferation in vitro after TCR stimulation but undergo vigorous proliferation in vivo. We report in this study that murine Treg are prone to death but hyperprolif ...
Dentin-pulp complex
... Fibrous Matrix: Mostly reticular fibres and collagen fibres (Type I and Type III). Ground substance: Act as a medium to transport nutrients to cells and metabolites of the cell to the blood vessels. ...
... Fibrous Matrix: Mostly reticular fibres and collagen fibres (Type I and Type III). Ground substance: Act as a medium to transport nutrients to cells and metabolites of the cell to the blood vessels. ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... environmental signals and requirements. The arrangement and properties of the cytoskeleton are known to be regulated by associated proteins that bind either to monomeric or polymerized cytoskeletal proteins. The number of well studied and characterized cytoskeletonregulating proteins in plant cells ...
... environmental signals and requirements. The arrangement and properties of the cytoskeleton are known to be regulated by associated proteins that bind either to monomeric or polymerized cytoskeletal proteins. The number of well studied and characterized cytoskeletonregulating proteins in plant cells ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.