THE NOUN AND THE DICTIONARY IN TSHIVENDA BY SHUMANI
... Lexicography is a scientific practice aimed at the production of dictionaries so that a further practice, the cultural practice of dictionary use can be initiated. The lexicographic practice developed certain pattern and systems unique to specific types of dictionaries. And this can be regarded as t ...
... Lexicography is a scientific practice aimed at the production of dictionaries so that a further practice, the cultural practice of dictionary use can be initiated. The lexicographic practice developed certain pattern and systems unique to specific types of dictionaries. And this can be regarded as t ...
Recognition of clauses and phrases in machine translation of
... completed, cannot occur if A is subordinate to B.** (Most likely it cannot occur when A and В are co-ordinated or unrelated, either. The only common case is that in which B, the nested clause, is subordinate to A). In general we shall make no use of this sharper form of the conjecture since our aim ...
... completed, cannot occur if A is subordinate to B.** (Most likely it cannot occur when A and В are co-ordinated or unrelated, either. The only common case is that in which B, the nested clause, is subordinate to A). In general we shall make no use of this sharper form of the conjecture since our aim ...
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length
... Figure 1: Separating a dependency link into two pieces at a subtree boundary. strongly: While almost all phrasal dependents are right-branching (prepositional phrases, objects of prepositions and verbs, relative clauses, etc.), some 1-word categories are left-branching, notably determiners, noun mod ...
... Figure 1: Separating a dependency link into two pieces at a subtree boundary. strongly: While almost all phrasal dependents are right-branching (prepositional phrases, objects of prepositions and verbs, relative clauses, etc.), some 1-word categories are left-branching, notably determiners, noun mod ...
the definition of the grammatical category in a syntactically oriented
... The second type, kind appositions, is analysed as a constituent housed in one of the phrases that dominate a noun in the syntax. The third type of appositions is the structure that proper names and surnames form in the syntax; these appositions are also analysed as a relational phrase that selects b ...
... The second type, kind appositions, is analysed as a constituent housed in one of the phrases that dominate a noun in the syntax. The third type of appositions is the structure that proper names and surnames form in the syntax; these appositions are also analysed as a relational phrase that selects b ...
REFLEXIVITY IN ENGLISH PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 1
... structures and explanations of what differentiates these structures from other syntactic structures (König & Gast, 2002; Lees & Klima, 1963). While it is valuable to consider all the options and variations, this type of research serves to investigate what can more than what does happen. In apparent ...
... structures and explanations of what differentiates these structures from other syntactic structures (König & Gast, 2002; Lees & Klima, 1963). While it is valuable to consider all the options and variations, this type of research serves to investigate what can more than what does happen. In apparent ...
A Simple Syntax for Complex Semantics
... The task of computational semantics cannot be but complex because its ultimate aim is to model how human-machine communications are carried out by means of natural language. That of syntax can, however, be made simple at both the structural and the procedural level. The proposed syntactic module KoS ...
... The task of computational semantics cannot be but complex because its ultimate aim is to model how human-machine communications are carried out by means of natural language. That of syntax can, however, be made simple at both the structural and the procedural level. The proposed syntactic module KoS ...
Clause From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In grammar, a clause
... of the to-infinitives. Data like these are often addressed in terms of control. The matrix predicates refuses and attempted are control verbs; they control the embedded predicates consider and explain, which means they determine which of their arguments serves as the subject argument of the embedded ...
... of the to-infinitives. Data like these are often addressed in terms of control. The matrix predicates refuses and attempted are control verbs; they control the embedded predicates consider and explain, which means they determine which of their arguments serves as the subject argument of the embedded ...
19. Bed-Books and Night-Lights, By HM Tomlinson
... series of “horse-race” studies on the various ways in which grammar can be taught (or not taught at all) in order to bridge that 5.9 word gap. The general conclusion made from all of these studies was that instruction in formal grammar (of any flavor) is a waste of time. These studies were instrumen ...
... series of “horse-race” studies on the various ways in which grammar can be taught (or not taught at all) in order to bridge that 5.9 word gap. The general conclusion made from all of these studies was that instruction in formal grammar (of any flavor) is a waste of time. These studies were instrumen ...
(Meta-)Evaluation Technical Manual - Asiya
... Finally, include the folder containing Asiya executable files in the PATH variable: export PATH=$PATH:/home/me/soft/asiya/bin ...
... Finally, include the folder containing Asiya executable files in the PATH variable: export PATH=$PATH:/home/me/soft/asiya/bin ...
What is Syntax? - Columbia University
... • The notion of context in CFGs has nothing to do with the ordinary meaning of the word context in language • All it really means is that the non-terminal on the left-hand side of a rule is out there all by itself (free of context) ...
... • The notion of context in CFGs has nothing to do with the ordinary meaning of the word context in language • All it really means is that the non-terminal on the left-hand side of a rule is out there all by itself (free of context) ...
"Gapping" in DP. - Northwestern University
... Second, neither the gap nor the antecedent constituents may be embedded within finite clauses within their conjuncts, as in (6a) and (6b) (Johnson 1994, 2006, 2009, Neijt 1979). However, as long as the antecedent and the gapped constituents are not separated by a finite clause boundary, they may be ...
... Second, neither the gap nor the antecedent constituents may be embedded within finite clauses within their conjuncts, as in (6a) and (6b) (Johnson 1994, 2006, 2009, Neijt 1979). However, as long as the antecedent and the gapped constituents are not separated by a finite clause boundary, they may be ...
The Alpino Dependency Treebank
... how feature values are propagated up the tree. Each principle applies to a group of features. For instance, the Head-feature Principle states that for all features that are marked as head features, the values on the mother node are unified with the values on the head daughter. The Valence, Filler, E ...
... how feature values are propagated up the tree. Each principle applies to a group of features. For instance, the Head-feature Principle states that for all features that are marked as head features, the values on the mother node are unified with the values on the head daughter. The Valence, Filler, E ...
Existential Sentences Cross-Linguistically - e
... used in any given language is a function of the existing resources in that language and will vary accordingly in their syntactic analysis. In this sense non-canonicity is crucial: to be non-canonical presupposes that there is something canonical. Since what is canonical differs from language to lan ...
... used in any given language is a function of the existing resources in that language and will vary accordingly in their syntactic analysis. In this sense non-canonicity is crucial: to be non-canonical presupposes that there is something canonical. Since what is canonical differs from language to lan ...
Part 9 English Idioms The English language abounds in idioms like
... and it will signify `no question' instead. In question (being considered) on the other hand does not allow the addition of the as * in the question, because the latter is no longer an idiom. Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable. For example, diamond cut dia ...
... and it will signify `no question' instead. In question (being considered) on the other hand does not allow the addition of the as * in the question, because the latter is no longer an idiom. Finally, many idioms are grammatically unanalysable. For example, diamond cut dia ...
The Normal Translation Algorithm in Transparent Intensional Logic
... and over 85% of accuracy on unknown words. Morphological analysis of highly inflectional languages like Czech is a task at a different level of complexity with the number of possible word tags more than 2000 (in comparison to 36 Brill’s tags). The commercial program Lemma by Pavel Ševeček [Sevecek ...
... and over 85% of accuracy on unknown words. Morphological analysis of highly inflectional languages like Czech is a task at a different level of complexity with the number of possible word tags more than 2000 (in comparison to 36 Brill’s tags). The commercial program Lemma by Pavel Ševeček [Sevecek ...
is case a functional unit: latin genitive
... genitives and false genitives, or that some genitives perform the function of genitive and others do not. It thus amounts to implicitly recognizing that each element with a genitive form does not represent a single morpheme since it is not always possible to associate it with the same grammatical co ...
... genitives and false genitives, or that some genitives perform the function of genitive and others do not. It thus amounts to implicitly recognizing that each element with a genitive form does not represent a single morpheme since it is not always possible to associate it with the same grammatical co ...
University of Groningen Data-driven identification of fixed
... The second piece of evidence is the existence of idiom variants such as hit the hay/sack ‘go to bed’, blow one’s stack/cool/top ‘lose one’s composure; go crazy’. Within each pair or triple the same lexemic sense is present even though there is variation of the form. Furthermore, cases of insertion o ...
... The second piece of evidence is the existence of idiom variants such as hit the hay/sack ‘go to bed’, blow one’s stack/cool/top ‘lose one’s composure; go crazy’. Within each pair or triple the same lexemic sense is present even though there is variation of the form. Furthermore, cases of insertion o ...
What is Syntax?
... • The notion of context in CFGs has nothing to do with the ordinary meaning of the word context in language • All it really means is that the non‐terminal on the left‐hand side of a rule is out there all by itself (free of context) ...
... • The notion of context in CFGs has nothing to do with the ordinary meaning of the word context in language • All it really means is that the non‐terminal on the left‐hand side of a rule is out there all by itself (free of context) ...
Amanda Pounder
... In this example, the preposition mit has a value close to that of a coordinating conjunction; it could, indeed be replaced by it (with appropriate adjustments for case). At any rate, coordination is clearly not a syntactic prerequisite to ellipsis. It is certain likewise that coordination does not r ...
... In this example, the preposition mit has a value close to that of a coordinating conjunction; it could, indeed be replaced by it (with appropriate adjustments for case). At any rate, coordination is clearly not a syntactic prerequisite to ellipsis. It is certain likewise that coordination does not r ...
BROKEN FORMS IN MORPHOLOGY
... In this example, the preposition mit has a value close to that of a coordinating conjunction; it could, indeed be replaced by it (with appropriate adjustments for case). At any rate, coordination is clearly not a syntactic prerequisite to ellipsis. It is certain likewise that coordination does not r ...
... In this example, the preposition mit has a value close to that of a coordinating conjunction; it could, indeed be replaced by it (with appropriate adjustments for case). At any rate, coordination is clearly not a syntactic prerequisite to ellipsis. It is certain likewise that coordination does not r ...
Understanding Natural Language - Department of Information and
... model this language understanding process in a computer, we need a program which combines grammar, semantics, and reasoning in an intimate way, concentrating on their interaction. This paper explores one way of representing knowledge in a flexible and usable form. Knowledge is expressed as procedure ...
... model this language understanding process in a computer, we need a program which combines grammar, semantics, and reasoning in an intimate way, concentrating on their interaction. This paper explores one way of representing knowledge in a flexible and usable form. Knowledge is expressed as procedure ...
powerpoint
... been in Very Great Danger during the Terrible Flood, but the only danger he had really been in was the last half-hour of his imprisonment, when Owl, who had just flown up, sat on a branch of his tree to comfort him, and told him a very long story about an aunt who had once laid a seagull's egg by mi ...
... been in Very Great Danger during the Terrible Flood, but the only danger he had really been in was the last half-hour of his imprisonment, when Owl, who had just flown up, sat on a branch of his tree to comfort him, and told him a very long story about an aunt who had once laid a seagull's egg by mi ...
Automatic grouping of morphologically related collocations
... extraction of collocations from corpus text (cf. section 3.1.), but we are particularly interested in the grouping of morphologically related collocations. We concentrate on combinations which are related with verb+object collocations, such as DE “Verfahren einleiten” (to start a lawsuit against sb. ...
... extraction of collocations from corpus text (cf. section 3.1.), but we are particularly interested in the grouping of morphologically related collocations. We concentrate on combinations which are related with verb+object collocations, such as DE “Verfahren einleiten” (to start a lawsuit against sb. ...
... Mathematical, computational, and linguistic properties of LTAGs,their extensions and other related systems have been extensively studied, AUthese properties follow from two key properties of LTAGs: ¯ Extended Domainof Locality (EDL): The elementary trees of LTAGprovided an extended domain (as compar ...
predication and equation in copular sentences: russian vs. english
... selects for a predicative complement of type but doesn’t impose any
restrictions on the syntactic nature of it. Different expressions like NPs, APs
and PPs, but under some conditions also DPs, can occur in the complement position
of the copula. In this paper we will concentrate on predic ...
... selects for a predicative complement of type
Determiner phrase
In linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP) is a type of phrase posited by some theories of syntax. The head of a DP is a determiner, as opposed to a noun. For example in the phrase the car, the is a determiner and car is a noun; the two combine to form a phrase, and on the DP-analysis, the determiner the is head over the noun car. The existence of DPs is a controversial issue in the study of syntax. The traditional analysis of phrases such as the car is that the noun is the head, which means the phrase is a noun phrase (NP), not a determiner phrase. Beginning in the mid 1980s, an alternative analysis arose that posits the determiner as the head, which makes the phrase a DP instead of an NP.The DP-analysis of phrases such as the car is the majority view in generative grammar today (Government and Binding and Minimalist Program), but is a minority stance in the study of syntax and grammar in general. Most frameworks outside of generative grammar continue to assume the traditional NP analysis of noun phrases. For instance, representational phrase structure grammars assume NP, e.g. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and most dependency grammars such as Meaning-Text Theory, Functional Generative Description, Lexicase Grammar also assume the traditional NP-analysis of noun phrases, Word Grammar being the one exception. Construction Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar also assume NP instead of DP. Furthermore, the DP-analysis does not reach into the teaching of grammar in schools in the English-speaking world, and certainly not in the non-English-speaking world. Since the existence of DPs is a controversial issue that splits the syntax community into two camps (DP vs. NP), this article strives to accommodate both views. Some arguments supporting/refuting both analyses are considered.