Idioms, Anaphora, and Movement Diagnostics
... Get X’s goat is a phrasal idiom because the verb get does not have its literal meaning of acquisition in this idiom, nor does X’s goat refer to an animal. Just when combined, they produce the meaning ‘drive X to anger/annoyance’. The verb get does not have this meaning in any other context, nor does ...
... Get X’s goat is a phrasal idiom because the verb get does not have its literal meaning of acquisition in this idiom, nor does X’s goat refer to an animal. Just when combined, they produce the meaning ‘drive X to anger/annoyance’. The verb get does not have this meaning in any other context, nor does ...
Descriptive analysis of negation cues in biomedical texts
... words they have scope over, and the scope is not always continuous. An additional characteristic of negation cues is that some cues are very frequent, whereas the rest occurs only occasionally. This section contains a list of negation cues and the description of their scope. We provide the following ...
... words they have scope over, and the scope is not always continuous. An additional characteristic of negation cues is that some cues are very frequent, whereas the rest occurs only occasionally. This section contains a list of negation cues and the description of their scope. We provide the following ...
TWO TIER SEMANTICS FOR RELATIVE CLAUSES
... (3) a. Which woman does no Englishman admire? His mother in law. b. The woman that no Englishman admires is his mother in law. Important for our purposes. Sharvit 1999 claims that functional readings in relative clauses are only possible if the DP with the relative clause in question is part of an e ...
... (3) a. Which woman does no Englishman admire? His mother in law. b. The woman that no Englishman admires is his mother in law. Important for our purposes. Sharvit 1999 claims that functional readings in relative clauses are only possible if the DP with the relative clause in question is part of an e ...
An Unmediated Analysis of Relative Clauses
... Crucially, IHRCs provide no evidence for a relative pronoun, or for a mediated analysis of the relative clause construction. It is instructive to consider what an in-situ mediated structure would look like. Consider (8e). Under the non-mediated analysis, ‘dog’ is both the head of the construction an ...
... Crucially, IHRCs provide no evidence for a relative pronoun, or for a mediated analysis of the relative clause construction. It is instructive to consider what an in-situ mediated structure would look like. Consider (8e). Under the non-mediated analysis, ‘dog’ is both the head of the construction an ...
Document
... My concern in analysing the element –NYA here, is to look at its synchronic distributions in the nominal domain. There are two main questions I would like to raise about –NYA, namely, (i) what element is –NYA actually? (is it the same element in all constructions, or some different elements?), and ( ...
... My concern in analysing the element –NYA here, is to look at its synchronic distributions in the nominal domain. There are two main questions I would like to raise about –NYA, namely, (i) what element is –NYA actually? (is it the same element in all constructions, or some different elements?), and ( ...
A Lexical Theory of Phrasal Idioms
... expressions such as idiomatic bucket receive the specification [SEM [INDEX none]]. The FRAMES feature takes a list of elementary predications 9 as its value. In certain cases, the FRAMES list of an expression is empty. Our analysis appeals to a frame-based conception of semantics (Fillmore 1982, 198 ...
... expressions such as idiomatic bucket receive the specification [SEM [INDEX none]]. The FRAMES feature takes a list of elementary predications 9 as its value. In certain cases, the FRAMES list of an expression is empty. Our analysis appeals to a frame-based conception of semantics (Fillmore 1982, 198 ...
Linking syntactic and semantic arguments in a dependency
... roles under the CONTENT feature of his HPSG architecture (Pollard and Sag, 1994), and syntactic characterizations of the arguments under CATEGORY | ARG - ST and CATEGORY |SUBCAT. He has separate hierarchies of syntactic patterns (intrans, trans, ditrans, 5:32) and semantic classes (subtypes of RELAT ...
... roles under the CONTENT feature of his HPSG architecture (Pollard and Sag, 1994), and syntactic characterizations of the arguments under CATEGORY | ARG - ST and CATEGORY |SUBCAT. He has separate hierarchies of syntactic patterns (intrans, trans, ditrans, 5:32) and semantic classes (subtypes of RELAT ...
Grace Theological Journal 11
... naturally break this text into four short, distinct phrases. Indeed, in this instance the brief, hurried line structure enhances Isaiah's description of these swift, relentless destroyers. As we shall see, this is not the only place where Isaiah uses form to enhance his meaning. With this example we ...
... naturally break this text into four short, distinct phrases. Indeed, in this instance the brief, hurried line structure enhances Isaiah's description of these swift, relentless destroyers. As we shall see, this is not the only place where Isaiah uses form to enhance his meaning. With this example we ...
The pronominal clitic of quantified noun phrases in Slovenian
... In the discussion that follows, we extend the FP analysis to Slovenian NPs with indefinite numeral quantifiers such as veliko 'a lot', mnogo 'many'/ 'much', malo '(a) little' / '(a) few', nekaj 'some'. 7 Building on our analysis of Slovenian cardinal numeral NPs (Golden & Milojević Sheppard, forthco ...
... In the discussion that follows, we extend the FP analysis to Slovenian NPs with indefinite numeral quantifiers such as veliko 'a lot', mnogo 'many'/ 'much', malo '(a) little' / '(a) few', nekaj 'some'. 7 Building on our analysis of Slovenian cardinal numeral NPs (Golden & Milojević Sheppard, forthco ...
Hmong Elaborate Expressions are Coordinate Compounds
... ‘official-lord’ (‘leader’), and muag-nug ‘sister-brother’ (‘brother and sister’); and socalled elaborate expressions—parallel expressions superficially like the English idioms easy-come easy-go and like father like son. In this latter category are compounds like 1 Hmong is a Southeast Asian language ...
... ‘official-lord’ (‘leader’), and muag-nug ‘sister-brother’ (‘brother and sister’); and socalled elaborate expressions—parallel expressions superficially like the English idioms easy-come easy-go and like father like son. In this latter category are compounds like 1 Hmong is a Southeast Asian language ...
the quatrain in isaianic poetry
... understanding these lines as a couplet. First, long lines (i.e., lines with four or more units) without a caesura are relatively uncommon in Isaiah (see footnote 12 above). That is, Isaiah tends to use shorter three or two unit lines. ls Secondly there are clear grammatical caesuras that naturally b ...
... understanding these lines as a couplet. First, long lines (i.e., lines with four or more units) without a caesura are relatively uncommon in Isaiah (see footnote 12 above). That is, Isaiah tends to use shorter three or two unit lines. ls Secondly there are clear grammatical caesuras that naturally b ...
Phrases
... Verbs of being are weaker verbs that don’t do much for your sentence. You want to eliminate as many of them as you can to use action verbs to make ...
... Verbs of being are weaker verbs that don’t do much for your sentence. You want to eliminate as many of them as you can to use action verbs to make ...
this PDF file - Journal of Language Modelling
... attachment may require context and linguistic intuition. For example, in the sentence she opens the door with the key, the key is more likely perceived as an instrument used to open the door, rather than it being a feature of the door. Nevertheless, as Chantree (2004, pp. 2) pointed out, “the decisi ...
... attachment may require context and linguistic intuition. For example, in the sentence she opens the door with the key, the key is more likely perceived as an instrument used to open the door, rather than it being a feature of the door. Nevertheless, as Chantree (2004, pp. 2) pointed out, “the decisi ...
draft - University of Delaware
... I will assume that non-selected material is generally irrelevant to the idiom. Many functional elements are also not part of idioms, for instance the definite article. Possessors may or may not be; here I assume it is not (note that many instances of this idiom without the possessor, for instance “c ...
... I will assume that non-selected material is generally irrelevant to the idiom. Many functional elements are also not part of idioms, for instance the definite article. Possessors may or may not be; here I assume it is not (note that many instances of this idiom without the possessor, for instance “c ...
1. I know an old lady who swallowed a fly
... -the sentence is not a particularly useful unit to focus on. -Spoken English can make sense without “grammatical” sentence structures -much language cannot be classified in terms of sentence types (fancy that!). Leech proposes instead that CLAUSES and PHRASES are more worthy of analysis ...
... -the sentence is not a particularly useful unit to focus on. -Spoken English can make sense without “grammatical” sentence structures -much language cannot be classified in terms of sentence types (fancy that!). Leech proposes instead that CLAUSES and PHRASES are more worthy of analysis ...
An ERP study of the processing of subject and object relative
... The fundamental question addressed in this paper is how syntactically distinct languages are processed in the brain. By investigating such a question, we hope to find both languageuniversal and language-specific aspects of sentence comprehension and thereby to narrow the gap between linguistic and c ...
... The fundamental question addressed in this paper is how syntactically distinct languages are processed in the brain. By investigating such a question, we hope to find both languageuniversal and language-specific aspects of sentence comprehension and thereby to narrow the gap between linguistic and c ...
Topics in English Syntax
... Topics in English Syntax – a complex sentence contains at least one full dependent clause which functions as a constituent and is introduced by a subordinating conjunction – subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, as if, as/even though, because, before, how, however much, if, in order that ...
... Topics in English Syntax – a complex sentence contains at least one full dependent clause which functions as a constituent and is introduced by a subordinating conjunction – subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, as if, as/even though, because, before, how, however much, if, in order that ...
Chapter 4 “Odd Prepositions”
... However, extraction from within an adjunct cannot be ruled out across the board, because there are clearly acceptable cases of this. For example, Hornstein and Weinberg (1981) cite example (20), which contains extraction out of an adjunct prepositional phrase headed by about: (20) Who did you speak ...
... However, extraction from within an adjunct cannot be ruled out across the board, because there are clearly acceptable cases of this. For example, Hornstein and Weinberg (1981) cite example (20), which contains extraction out of an adjunct prepositional phrase headed by about: (20) Who did you speak ...
teaching english clause structure
... following as being the most difficult conjunctions to comprehend: when, so, but, or, where, while, that and if, while, and, how, for and as were considered the easiest. On the other hand, the Bormuth study showed that sentence structures which appear to be basic and simple can still pose problems fo ...
... following as being the most difficult conjunctions to comprehend: when, so, but, or, where, while, that and if, while, and, how, for and as were considered the easiest. On the other hand, the Bormuth study showed that sentence structures which appear to be basic and simple can still pose problems fo ...
HPSG, SBCG, and FCG - German Grammar Group FU Berlin
... on the basis of what is done in FCG. Van Trijp claims that there are differences in the scientific model, the linguistic approach, formalization, the way constructions are seen and in terms of processing. This paper discusses all these alleged differences. Van Trijp also claims that his cognitive-fu ...
... on the basis of what is done in FCG. Van Trijp claims that there are differences in the scientific model, the linguistic approach, formalization, the way constructions are seen and in terms of processing. This paper discusses all these alleged differences. Van Trijp also claims that his cognitive-fu ...
Focus and the LF of NP quantification
... then they should behave like other existentially quantified NPs, which means that they should be monotone increasing. However, this is clearly false because of weak NPs introduced by decre asing determiners like few, no, and at m ost f ive ( see Schein 1992, Ben Shalom 1993, B eghelli 1993 on maxim ...
... then they should behave like other existentially quantified NPs, which means that they should be monotone increasing. However, this is clearly false because of weak NPs introduced by decre asing determiners like few, no, and at m ost f ive ( see Schein 1992, Ben Shalom 1993, B eghelli 1993 on maxim ...
User`s Guide for the Accordance Hebrew Syntax Database
... 1. History of the Accordance Hebrew Syntax Project In 2008 Martin G. Abegg Jr. (Trinity Western University) and I began collaborating, with significant input from John A. Cook (Asbury Theological Seminary) and Roy B. Brown (Oaktree Software), on the development of a syntactic database for all ancien ...
... 1. History of the Accordance Hebrew Syntax Project In 2008 Martin G. Abegg Jr. (Trinity Western University) and I began collaborating, with significant input from John A. Cook (Asbury Theological Seminary) and Roy B. Brown (Oaktree Software), on the development of a syntactic database for all ancien ...
RELATIONAL NOUNS, PRONOUNS, AND RESUMPTIONw
... ABSTRACT. This paper presents a variable-free analysis of relational nouns in Glue Semantics, within a Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) architecture. Relational nouns and resumptive pronouns are bound using the usual binding mechanisms of LFG. Special attention is paid to the bound readings of relat ...
... ABSTRACT. This paper presents a variable-free analysis of relational nouns in Glue Semantics, within a Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) architecture. Relational nouns and resumptive pronouns are bound using the usual binding mechanisms of LFG. Special attention is paid to the bound readings of relat ...
ENG421 - National Open University of Nigeria
... Transformational Generative Grammar; • ascertain how they work and how to apply them in your syntactic analysis; and • determine their strengths and weaknesses. Working through this Course To finish this course successfully, you are advised to study the units, locate the recommended textbooks and re ...
... Transformational Generative Grammar; • ascertain how they work and how to apply them in your syntactic analysis; and • determine their strengths and weaknesses. Working through this Course To finish this course successfully, you are advised to study the units, locate the recommended textbooks and re ...
Determiner phrase
In linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP) is a type of phrase posited by some theories of syntax. The head of a DP is a determiner, as opposed to a noun. For example in the phrase the car, the is a determiner and car is a noun; the two combine to form a phrase, and on the DP-analysis, the determiner the is head over the noun car. The existence of DPs is a controversial issue in the study of syntax. The traditional analysis of phrases such as the car is that the noun is the head, which means the phrase is a noun phrase (NP), not a determiner phrase. Beginning in the mid 1980s, an alternative analysis arose that posits the determiner as the head, which makes the phrase a DP instead of an NP.The DP-analysis of phrases such as the car is the majority view in generative grammar today (Government and Binding and Minimalist Program), but is a minority stance in the study of syntax and grammar in general. Most frameworks outside of generative grammar continue to assume the traditional NP analysis of noun phrases. For instance, representational phrase structure grammars assume NP, e.g. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and most dependency grammars such as Meaning-Text Theory, Functional Generative Description, Lexicase Grammar also assume the traditional NP-analysis of noun phrases, Word Grammar being the one exception. Construction Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar also assume NP instead of DP. Furthermore, the DP-analysis does not reach into the teaching of grammar in schools in the English-speaking world, and certainly not in the non-English-speaking world. Since the existence of DPs is a controversial issue that splits the syntax community into two camps (DP vs. NP), this article strives to accommodate both views. Some arguments supporting/refuting both analyses are considered.