Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... FEF; b, SEF; c, peripheral striate and extra-striate cortex; d, area 40; e, area 7, PPC; f, area 22; g, cerebellum; h, mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain; i, insula/area 47; j , foveal striate and extra-striate cortex; k, hippocampus; m, anterior frontal lobe areas 9, 10, 45 and 46; n, areas 24 and 3 ...
... FEF; b, SEF; c, peripheral striate and extra-striate cortex; d, area 40; e, area 7, PPC; f, area 22; g, cerebellum; h, mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain; i, insula/area 47; j , foveal striate and extra-striate cortex; k, hippocampus; m, anterior frontal lobe areas 9, 10, 45 and 46; n, areas 24 and 3 ...
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early
... polysynaptically connected brain regions.19 This structural backbone encompasses a number of cortical regions that are especially well developed in primates, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC).21–23 Although it widely believed that the synchronized flow ...
... polysynaptically connected brain regions.19 This structural backbone encompasses a number of cortical regions that are especially well developed in primates, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC).21–23 Although it widely believed that the synchronized flow ...
Brief neonatal maternal separation alters extinction of conditioned
... Although the amygdala is a key site of plasticity for acquisition of fear conditioning, medial prefrontal cortex is critical for recall of extinction. Lesions of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) impair extinction learning (Morgan and LeDoux, 1995; Quirk et al., 2000); in addition, electrophysiologica ...
... Although the amygdala is a key site of plasticity for acquisition of fear conditioning, medial prefrontal cortex is critical for recall of extinction. Lesions of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) impair extinction learning (Morgan and LeDoux, 1995; Quirk et al., 2000); in addition, electrophysiologica ...
Plasticity of Sensory and Motor Maps in Adult Mammals
... dorsal hand for neurons in this altered cortex are much smaller than normally seen for cortical neurons representing the dorsal hand. The time course of the change is not well-known,but someof the reactivation occurs within hours of the nerve section, and further alterations in responsiveness and re ...
... dorsal hand for neurons in this altered cortex are much smaller than normally seen for cortical neurons representing the dorsal hand. The time course of the change is not well-known,but someof the reactivation occurs within hours of the nerve section, and further alterations in responsiveness and re ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory cortex during the fetal period will be necessary to determine to what extent the resting state fMRI detects adult-like functional networks or immature activity patterns, and what this would mean for the p ...
... activity patterns observed postnatally. Thus a close examination of activity in primary sensory cortex during the fetal period will be necessary to determine to what extent the resting state fMRI detects adult-like functional networks or immature activity patterns, and what this would mean for the p ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... sublayers behaved quite differently and that SGS1 neurons did not conform to the role of SGS neurons commonly seen in subserving reflexive saccade generation and target selection. We have used the rat for these studies because there are already good descriptions of synaptic organization and biochemi ...
... sublayers behaved quite differently and that SGS1 neurons did not conform to the role of SGS neurons commonly seen in subserving reflexive saccade generation and target selection. We have used the rat for these studies because there are already good descriptions of synaptic organization and biochemi ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... and tactile-visual associations; see Murray and Richmond 2001; Murray et al. 1998 for overviews). Bussey, Saksida, Murray and colleagues suggested that the PRc represents the apex of the ventral occipitaltemporal visual processing pathway, which computes increasingly more complex combinations of vis ...
... and tactile-visual associations; see Murray and Richmond 2001; Murray et al. 1998 for overviews). Bussey, Saksida, Murray and colleagues suggested that the PRc represents the apex of the ventral occipitaltemporal visual processing pathway, which computes increasingly more complex combinations of vis ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... of the MGE, whereas more medicoventrally located domains may generate PV ⫹ interneurons (Flames et al., 2007). These advances, however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number ...
... of the MGE, whereas more medicoventrally located domains may generate PV ⫹ interneurons (Flames et al., 2007). These advances, however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number ...
On the use of cognitive maps - David Redish
... A reinforcement learning approach to animal behavior was used to develop a theory of cognitive map function. Reinforcement learning provides a theoretical framework within which the components of cognitive map function can be readily defined and explored. This approach addresses long-standing critici ...
... A reinforcement learning approach to animal behavior was used to develop a theory of cognitive map function. Reinforcement learning provides a theoretical framework within which the components of cognitive map function can be readily defined and explored. This approach addresses long-standing critici ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... location on the opposite side of the horizontal and vertical meridians. The monkeys received a liquid reward if they looked within 500 msec to the correct position and maintained fixation there for at least 200 msec. During the recording of each neuron, 15–20 trials of each of the eight conditions ( ...
... location on the opposite side of the horizontal and vertical meridians. The monkeys received a liquid reward if they looked within 500 msec to the correct position and maintained fixation there for at least 200 msec. During the recording of each neuron, 15–20 trials of each of the eight conditions ( ...
Document
... If this is true, then one possible means to achieve at least some Cognitive Bias Mitigation is to mimic, as much as possible, Paleolithic/Holocene social, political and economic scenarios when one is performing a reasoning task that could attract negative cognitive bias effects. https://store.theart ...
... If this is true, then one possible means to achieve at least some Cognitive Bias Mitigation is to mimic, as much as possible, Paleolithic/Holocene social, political and economic scenarios when one is performing a reasoning task that could attract negative cognitive bias effects. https://store.theart ...
The dynamics of visual responses in the primary visual cortex
... The first model offered chronologically, and first discussed here, is the feedforward model that is descended from the pioneering work of Hubel and Wiesel (1962). The HW model has the great virtue of being explicit and calculable. It involves the addition of signals from LGN cells that are aligned in ...
... The first model offered chronologically, and first discussed here, is the feedforward model that is descended from the pioneering work of Hubel and Wiesel (1962). The HW model has the great virtue of being explicit and calculable. It involves the addition of signals from LGN cells that are aligned in ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
... insight that lesions to the posterior parietal cortex can significantly impair processes of attention (Mesulam, 1981; Ro & Rafal, 1996). These patients have been found to be particularly impaired in responding to target stimuli in their neglected field after attention has just previously been direct ...
... insight that lesions to the posterior parietal cortex can significantly impair processes of attention (Mesulam, 1981; Ro & Rafal, 1996). These patients have been found to be particularly impaired in responding to target stimuli in their neglected field after attention has just previously been direct ...
Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... One of the most important features of odour perception is its hedonic or affective component. Most odours are labelled as `pleasant' (positive hedonic value) or `unpleasant' (negative hedonic value). The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are separate representations of pleasant and u ...
... One of the most important features of odour perception is its hedonic or affective component. Most odours are labelled as `pleasant' (positive hedonic value) or `unpleasant' (negative hedonic value). The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are separate representations of pleasant and u ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... Such dynamic biasing of responses in IT cortex could be achieved by selective enhancement (suppression) of the impact of those afferent inputs from neurons in earlier visual areas coding for the attended (non-attended) input (Reynolds, Chelazzi, & Desimone, 1999). However, the mechanisms underlying ...
... Such dynamic biasing of responses in IT cortex could be achieved by selective enhancement (suppression) of the impact of those afferent inputs from neurons in earlier visual areas coding for the attended (non-attended) input (Reynolds, Chelazzi, & Desimone, 1999). However, the mechanisms underlying ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received inputs from common sources. PMv is the target of output from both the dentate and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). Whil ...
... the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received inputs from common sources. PMv is the target of output from both the dentate and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). Whil ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... extravisual information is involved in the processing of saccade commands. What neuronal mechanism might underlie this apparent shift in images at the time of saccades? Neurons in the parietal cortex alter their activity preceding saccades in ways that seem remarkably related to the perceptual pheno ...
... extravisual information is involved in the processing of saccade commands. What neuronal mechanism might underlie this apparent shift in images at the time of saccades? Neurons in the parietal cortex alter their activity preceding saccades in ways that seem remarkably related to the perceptual pheno ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 431, Boston, MA 0221 5. ...
... University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 431, Boston, MA 0221 5. ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... There are several additional cortices situated anteriorly within the medial prefrontal region, including area 9 dorsally, area 14 rostroventrally, and area 10, which caps the frontal pole. There is comparatively less information on the functions or connections of anterior medial areas, although rece ...
... There are several additional cortices situated anteriorly within the medial prefrontal region, including area 9 dorsally, area 14 rostroventrally, and area 10, which caps the frontal pole. There is comparatively less information on the functions or connections of anterior medial areas, although rece ...
Saccadic Eye Movements Modulate Visual Responses in the Lateral
... to salient regions of the visual scene and allow examination of these areas with high acuity. However, eye movements also pose a significant challenge to the visual system; with every saccade, an image of the world moves abruptly over the retina, stimulating all of its ganglion cells in concert. If ...
... to salient regions of the visual scene and allow examination of these areas with high acuity. However, eye movements also pose a significant challenge to the visual system; with every saccade, an image of the world moves abruptly over the retina, stimulating all of its ganglion cells in concert. If ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... structures. Even if each stored pattern were being regulated by only a single basal forebrain neuron, the number of stored patterns in semantic memory would far exceed the capacity of the basal forebrain for selective regulation. In contrast, this relatively small number of neurons could work in a m ...
... structures. Even if each stored pattern were being regulated by only a single basal forebrain neuron, the number of stored patterns in semantic memory would far exceed the capacity of the basal forebrain for selective regulation. In contrast, this relatively small number of neurons could work in a m ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... Bruno and Sakmann 2006; Brecht 2007; Groh et al. 2008) embedded within a global motor-sensory closed loop (Fig. 1). In order to eliminate closed-loop effects induced by the global loop, the global loop must be artificially opened. Practically, the motor-sensory loop can be opened in several ways. In ...
... Bruno and Sakmann 2006; Brecht 2007; Groh et al. 2008) embedded within a global motor-sensory closed loop (Fig. 1). In order to eliminate closed-loop effects induced by the global loop, the global loop must be artificially opened. Practically, the motor-sensory loop can be opened in several ways. In ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the maintenance of emotional
... In a follow-up to the Mikels et al. (2008) study, investigators examined possible mechanisms that underlay emotion maintenance (C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib, unpublished data). These investigators adapted Mikels et al.’s emotional working memory task, but instead of using a cognitive working memory ta ...
... In a follow-up to the Mikels et al. (2008) study, investigators examined possible mechanisms that underlay emotion maintenance (C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib, unpublished data). These investigators adapted Mikels et al.’s emotional working memory task, but instead of using a cognitive working memory ta ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in ⬃200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigat ...
... Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in ⬃200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigat ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in !200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigat ...
... Rapid tastant detection is necessary to prevent the ingestion of potentially poisonous compounds. Behavioral studies have shown that rats can identify tastants in !200 ms, although the electrophysiological correlates for fast tastant detection have not been identified. For this reason, we investigat ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.