Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... the LPFC (Fuster, 1997), and delay-related activity changes of primate OFC neurons have not been examined sufficiently since the pioneering study by Rosenkilde et al. (Rosenkilde et al., 1981), we investigated whether delay neurons of the OFC are also involved in reward expectancy and whether there ...
... the LPFC (Fuster, 1997), and delay-related activity changes of primate OFC neurons have not been examined sufficiently since the pioneering study by Rosenkilde et al. (Rosenkilde et al., 1981), we investigated whether delay neurons of the OFC are also involved in reward expectancy and whether there ...
The auditory cortex
... as a guide in systematic tests of neuronal response behavior and coding of information-bearing sound parameters and parameter combinations. 5. Taken together, the studies lead to a number of predictions for the functioning of sound processing in auditory cortical ®elds of other mammals such as: (a) ...
... as a guide in systematic tests of neuronal response behavior and coding of information-bearing sound parameters and parameter combinations. 5. Taken together, the studies lead to a number of predictions for the functioning of sound processing in auditory cortical ®elds of other mammals such as: (a) ...
Pansynaptic Enlargement at Adult Cortical
... has been suggested that the number of synapses forming individual connections alters (Ramón y Cajal 1894; Greenough and ...
... has been suggested that the number of synapses forming individual connections alters (Ramón y Cajal 1894; Greenough and ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... al., 2012). BLA inputs selectively innervate CA neurons, establishing a mechanism for reciprocal interactions (Little and Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of ...
... al., 2012). BLA inputs selectively innervate CA neurons, establishing a mechanism for reciprocal interactions (Little and Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... to foster invention both within Qualcomm and in the community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more eff ...
... to foster invention both within Qualcomm and in the community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more eff ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... predict that the strength and orientation tuning of synaptic inhibition are heterogeneous across area 17 neurons, which could have important implications for these neurons’ sensory processing capabilities. Furthermore, although our experimental recordings were conducted in the visual cortex, our mod ...
... predict that the strength and orientation tuning of synaptic inhibition are heterogeneous across area 17 neurons, which could have important implications for these neurons’ sensory processing capabilities. Furthermore, although our experimental recordings were conducted in the visual cortex, our mod ...
Primitive Roles for Inhibitory Interneurons in Developing Frog Spinal
... (Roberts, 2000; Li et al., 2001). These are shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, where their functions are listed. We have recently established that one class of spinal interneuron with a very characteristic axonal projection pattern, called ascending interneurons (aINs), produces phasic, glycinergic ...
... (Roberts, 2000; Li et al., 2001). These are shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, where their functions are listed. We have recently established that one class of spinal interneuron with a very characteristic axonal projection pattern, called ascending interneurons (aINs), produces phasic, glycinergic ...
Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials in the Piriform Cortex
... (Hasselmo and Linster 1998a,b; Hasselmo et al. 1997), hippocampus (Hasselmo et al. 1995; Tsodyks et al. 1997), somatosensory cortex (Pinto et al. 1996), and visual cortex (Hansel and Sompolinsky 1998). These models leave out many of the details incorporated in compartmental biophysical simulations ( ...
... (Hasselmo and Linster 1998a,b; Hasselmo et al. 1997), hippocampus (Hasselmo et al. 1995; Tsodyks et al. 1997), somatosensory cortex (Pinto et al. 1996), and visual cortex (Hansel and Sompolinsky 1998). These models leave out many of the details incorporated in compartmental biophysical simulations ( ...
Duration Tuning across Vertebrates
... DTNs exist across vertebrate species and taxa and vary widely in their preferred range of signal durations (for review, see Sayegh et al., 2011). The existence of visual DTNs in the mammalian cortex suggests that neural mechanisms of duration selectivity may be shared across vertebrates and sensory ...
... DTNs exist across vertebrate species and taxa and vary widely in their preferred range of signal durations (for review, see Sayegh et al., 2011). The existence of visual DTNs in the mammalian cortex suggests that neural mechanisms of duration selectivity may be shared across vertebrates and sensory ...
... neurons belonging to the extended amygdala which are positive for DARPP-32 and Inhibitor-1. We used standard immunohistochemical procedures for ChAT (rat monoclonal, DiaSorin, INCSTAR, Stillwater, MN), DARPP32 (mouse monoclonal, a gift from Dr Paul Greengard) and Inhibitor-1 (rabbit polyclonal, immu ...
Topography of Visual Cortex Connections with Frontal Eye Field in
... cortical areas is combined to generate perception and action is not known. The investigation of visually guided eye movements may be a domain in which this issue can be examined effectively because information about both object identity and spatial location must be combined to produce accurate eye m ...
... cortical areas is combined to generate perception and action is not known. The investigation of visually guided eye movements may be a domain in which this issue can be examined effectively because information about both object identity and spatial location must be combined to produce accurate eye m ...
Changes in emotion after circumscribed surgical
... large territory of the prefrontal cortex including the OFC on the ventral surface, and the rostral anterior cingulate and more anterior medial prefrontal cortical regions. Recent evidence from neuroimaging and from electrophysiological and lesion studies in non-human primates suggests that the orbit ...
... large territory of the prefrontal cortex including the OFC on the ventral surface, and the rostral anterior cingulate and more anterior medial prefrontal cortical regions. Recent evidence from neuroimaging and from electrophysiological and lesion studies in non-human primates suggests that the orbit ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained about specific mechanisms when the motor system is considered in the context of meaningful behavior. The animal’s behavioral repertoire is diverse, different behaviors ...
... control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained about specific mechanisms when the motor system is considered in the context of meaningful behavior. The animal’s behavioral repertoire is diverse, different behaviors ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... for the nervous system. To be heard and to be understood, an auditory signal must first be transformed from a time-varying acoustic waveform into a perceptual representation (FIG. 1). This is then converted to an abstract representation that combines the extracted information with information from m ...
... for the nervous system. To be heard and to be understood, an auditory signal must first be transformed from a time-varying acoustic waveform into a perceptual representation (FIG. 1). This is then converted to an abstract representation that combines the extracted information with information from m ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... FIG. 2. Effect of picrotoxin on the responses to visual stimuli of the LGMD and of neuronal populations recorded in the medulla. A: 5 sample traces of intracellular recordings from the LGMD in response to a looming stimulus (l/!v! & 30 ms, illustrated in the top panels) are shown at the bottom. The ...
... FIG. 2. Effect of picrotoxin on the responses to visual stimuli of the LGMD and of neuronal populations recorded in the medulla. A: 5 sample traces of intracellular recordings from the LGMD in response to a looming stimulus (l/!v! & 30 ms, illustrated in the top panels) are shown at the bottom. The ...
Learned Helplessness at Fifty: Insights From Neuroscience
... animals would not sit still in the shuttlebox since they had learned that they could control shock; whereas the associationistic theory predicted that they would show the competing response of “helplessness.” This was a crucial test of contiguity versus cognition and Maier found that this escapable ...
... animals would not sit still in the shuttlebox since they had learned that they could control shock; whereas the associationistic theory predicted that they would show the competing response of “helplessness.” This was a crucial test of contiguity versus cognition and Maier found that this escapable ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... task. The task consisted of three trial types alternating semi-randomly, namely movement trials rewarded by liquid, movement trials reinforced by a conditioned sound and nonmovement trials rewarded by liquid. All trials began with a 2 s control period during which the monitor was blank, followed by ...
... task. The task consisted of three trial types alternating semi-randomly, namely movement trials rewarded by liquid, movement trials reinforced by a conditioned sound and nonmovement trials rewarded by liquid. All trials began with a 2 s control period during which the monitor was blank, followed by ...
Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval. The next peak in the autocorrelogram reveals the period of the oscillation (see Materials and Methods for details). (B) Power spect ...
... The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval. The next peak in the autocorrelogram reveals the period of the oscillation (see Materials and Methods for details). (B) Power spect ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained about specific mechanisms when the motor system is considered in the context of meaningful behavior. The animal’s behavioral repertoire is diverse, different behaviors require dif ...
... studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained about specific mechanisms when the motor system is considered in the context of meaningful behavior. The animal’s behavioral repertoire is diverse, different behaviors require dif ...
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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... prefrontal cortex in primates is complex, composed of lateral prefrontal areas, associated with cognitive processes, and orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, which have a role in emotional processes (reviewed in Barbas et al., 2002). There is no information on whether laminar-specific conn ...
... prefrontal cortex in primates is complex, composed of lateral prefrontal areas, associated with cognitive processes, and orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, which have a role in emotional processes (reviewed in Barbas et al., 2002). There is no information on whether laminar-specific conn ...
BMC Neuroscience
... with each other [15], and with distant sensory and association areas [17-20]. Here we tested whether geographic proximity or cortical type best explains the pattern of commissural projections linking prefrontal cortices. The prefrontal cortex is an ideal model system to investigate patterns of commi ...
... with each other [15], and with distant sensory and association areas [17-20]. Here we tested whether geographic proximity or cortical type best explains the pattern of commissural projections linking prefrontal cortices. The prefrontal cortex is an ideal model system to investigate patterns of commi ...
Layer II/III of the Prefrontal Cortex: Inhibition by the Serotonin
... Adult social isolation. In adulthood (⬎P55), both control and early life stress animals were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: adult social isolation or adult control group. There were a total of four experimental groups: Control (C) (male: 3 pups from 2 dams; female: 3 pups from ...
... Adult social isolation. In adulthood (⬎P55), both control and early life stress animals were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: adult social isolation or adult control group. There were a total of four experimental groups: Control (C) (male: 3 pups from 2 dams; female: 3 pups from ...
The Differential Role of Motor Cortex in Stretch Reflex Modulation
... posture maintenance and action initiation, it is conceivable that each is subserved by a different neural substrate. Although cortical and subcortical elements may contribute to long latency reflexes in humans (Matthews, 1991; Lewis et al., 2004), the role of the cortex seems to change with task. Re ...
... posture maintenance and action initiation, it is conceivable that each is subserved by a different neural substrate. Although cortical and subcortical elements may contribute to long latency reflexes in humans (Matthews, 1991; Lewis et al., 2004), the role of the cortex seems to change with task. Re ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.