The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... sex, or “positive emotion”) or to avoid (pain or “negative emotion”), as well as selecting among alternative goals and actions. In this last conception, the nucleus accumbens seems to function as an interface between motivation and action [4]. Over the past several years, a large number of neuroimag ...
... sex, or “positive emotion”) or to avoid (pain or “negative emotion”), as well as selecting among alternative goals and actions. In this last conception, the nucleus accumbens seems to function as an interface between motivation and action [4]. Over the past several years, a large number of neuroimag ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... Neurophysiol 101: 448 – 459, 2009. First published November 12, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90704.2008. When different stimuli indicate where and when to make an eye movement, the brain areas involved in oculomotor control must selectively plan an eye movement to the stimulus that encodes the target positi ...
... Neurophysiol 101: 448 – 459, 2009. First published November 12, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90704.2008. When different stimuli indicate where and when to make an eye movement, the brain areas involved in oculomotor control must selectively plan an eye movement to the stimulus that encodes the target positi ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... subthalamus). The hippocampal efferents to the medial diencephalon are regarded as vital for normal hippocampal activity and are, hence, seen as functional extensions of the hippocampus (Fig. 1). The principal thalamic targets in this system are the anterior thalamic nuclei. These nuclei receive dir ...
... subthalamus). The hippocampal efferents to the medial diencephalon are regarded as vital for normal hippocampal activity and are, hence, seen as functional extensions of the hippocampus (Fig. 1). The principal thalamic targets in this system are the anterior thalamic nuclei. These nuclei receive dir ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... 1995) has examined the general distribution of PV projections “with special emphasis on the projections to the hypothalamus and amygdala.” Focusing on circadian circuitry, Moga et al. (1995) described PV projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as well as to other sites involved in circadian ...
... 1995) has examined the general distribution of PV projections “with special emphasis on the projections to the hypothalamus and amygdala.” Focusing on circadian circuitry, Moga et al. (1995) described PV projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as well as to other sites involved in circadian ...
... working on drug dependence. Responsibility is not for those who work directly with patients only; it is also necessary to study the cocaine addiction process in research environments to allow methodological controls to be able to test hypotheses and to put forward theories. Along these lines, the ef ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... *Correspondence to: Nancy Rempel-Clower, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., #425, Boston, MA ...
... *Correspondence to: Nancy Rempel-Clower, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., #425, Boston, MA ...
Analysis of Connectivity in the Cat Cerebral Cortex
... we included areas commonly found in the nemophysiological and neuroanatomical literature (see Appendix). We expect the parcellation scheme to evolve and improve as more information becomes available. Our cortical map was based principally on the parcellation presented by Cavada and Reinoso-Suarez (1 ...
... we included areas commonly found in the nemophysiological and neuroanatomical literature (see Appendix). We expect the parcellation scheme to evolve and improve as more information becomes available. Our cortical map was based principally on the parcellation presented by Cavada and Reinoso-Suarez (1 ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the control period (Mann--Whitney U-test, P < 0.05), the neuron was consi ...
... the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the control period (Mann--Whitney U-test, P < 0.05), the neuron was consi ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... striatum (DLS) represents the initial stage for processing sensorimotor information in the basal ganglia. Although the DLS receives much of its input from the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, peripheral somesthetic stimulation activates the DLS at latencies that are shorter than the response laten ...
... striatum (DLS) represents the initial stage for processing sensorimotor information in the basal ganglia. Although the DLS receives much of its input from the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, peripheral somesthetic stimulation activates the DLS at latencies that are shorter than the response laten ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... claustrum is a thin, irregular sheet of grey matter, one sheet on each side of the head, concealed between the inner surface of the neocortex. It lies below the general region of the insula, and above the outer surface of the putamen, with a fibre tract on each side of it (the extreme and external c ...
... claustrum is a thin, irregular sheet of grey matter, one sheet on each side of the head, concealed between the inner surface of the neocortex. It lies below the general region of the insula, and above the outer surface of the putamen, with a fibre tract on each side of it (the extreme and external c ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... Abstract [150 words] Synesthesia is an experience in which stimulation in one sensory or cognitive stream leads to associated experiences in a second, unstimulated stream. Although synesthesia is often referred to as a "neurological condition", is not listed in the DSM-IV or the ICD classifications ...
... Abstract [150 words] Synesthesia is an experience in which stimulation in one sensory or cognitive stream leads to associated experiences in a second, unstimulated stream. Although synesthesia is often referred to as a "neurological condition", is not listed in the DSM-IV or the ICD classifications ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... et al., 2000; Beck et al., 2010) differences in avoidance susceptibility; however, WKY rats are a unique rodent, in that, they exhibit qualities of behavioral inhibition (low exploration of novel spaces and stimuli), but they also exhibit rapid acquisition of activeavoidance behavior, which they bec ...
... et al., 2000; Beck et al., 2010) differences in avoidance susceptibility; however, WKY rats are a unique rodent, in that, they exhibit qualities of behavioral inhibition (low exploration of novel spaces and stimuli), but they also exhibit rapid acquisition of activeavoidance behavior, which they bec ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... diminished on STOP trials and was actually stronger on STOP trials during conflict adaptation. Finally, directional signals were stronger during sessions in which rats had the most difficulty inhibiting behavior. These results suggest that “inhibition” deficits observed with OFC interference studies ...
... diminished on STOP trials and was actually stronger on STOP trials during conflict adaptation. Finally, directional signals were stronger during sessions in which rats had the most difficulty inhibiting behavior. These results suggest that “inhibition” deficits observed with OFC interference studies ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... or not (Nogo) to the target location. If delay activity differed in Go versus Nogo trials, then it was related to movement. To characterize this activity in more detail, we examined whether it was related to making a specific range of saccadic vectors, whether its intensity predicted reaction time, ...
... or not (Nogo) to the target location. If delay activity differed in Go versus Nogo trials, then it was related to movement. To characterize this activity in more detail, we examined whether it was related to making a specific range of saccadic vectors, whether its intensity predicted reaction time, ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... to units of percentage of signal modulation. The time series of each voxel were averaged across repeated scanning runs of the identical stimulus condition as follows: in the first session, six (in subjects S1, S2, S5, and S7) or 12 (in subjects S3, S4, and S6) runs for the rotating hemifield stimulu ...
... to units of percentage of signal modulation. The time series of each voxel were averaged across repeated scanning runs of the identical stimulus condition as follows: in the first session, six (in subjects S1, S2, S5, and S7) or 12 (in subjects S3, S4, and S6) runs for the rotating hemifield stimulu ...
Paper
... understanding of its cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic organization. The dearth of information regarding the claustrum is particularly acute among primate species. Although it has been shown that the claustrum has widespread reciprocal connectivity with the cerebral cortex, there is growing e ...
... understanding of its cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic organization. The dearth of information regarding the claustrum is particularly acute among primate species. Although it has been shown that the claustrum has widespread reciprocal connectivity with the cerebral cortex, there is growing e ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... shaping of the breathing pattern. Many peripheral mechano- and chemo-sensory afferents, including those from the lungs, tracheobronchial tree and carotid bifurcation, provide feedback signals involving in the homeodynamic control of breathing, cardiovascular function, and different types of motor be ...
... shaping of the breathing pattern. Many peripheral mechano- and chemo-sensory afferents, including those from the lungs, tracheobronchial tree and carotid bifurcation, provide feedback signals involving in the homeodynamic control of breathing, cardiovascular function, and different types of motor be ...
Travis, F.T. and Arenander, A. (2006). Cross-Sectional
... tendency of the mind to expand” (for further discussion see (Maharishi, 1969; Roth, 1994; Travis, et al., 2002). Measures of Personality and Psychological Traits Emotional Stability. The emotional stability sub-scale from the International Personality Item Pool was used. The International Personalit ...
... tendency of the mind to expand” (for further discussion see (Maharishi, 1969; Roth, 1994; Travis, et al., 2002). Measures of Personality and Psychological Traits Emotional Stability. The emotional stability sub-scale from the International Personality Item Pool was used. The International Personalit ...
Selective amplification of the S
... contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stim ...
... contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stim ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3–5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour. Timing is essential for predicting and planning actions. A good example is the temporal accuracy required to hit a ball in a tennis ga ...
... accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3–5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour. Timing is essential for predicting and planning actions. A good example is the temporal accuracy required to hit a ball in a tennis ga ...
The Wick in the Candle of Learning
... guess is a random variable (more specifically, a Bernoulli random variable) with two outcomes, correct or incorrect; the two outcomes have probabilities of P (confidence level) and 1 P, respectively. The uncertainty associated with the random variable (or uncertainty about which outcome will occur) ...
... guess is a random variable (more specifically, a Bernoulli random variable) with two outcomes, correct or incorrect; the two outcomes have probabilities of P (confidence level) and 1 P, respectively. The uncertainty associated with the random variable (or uncertainty about which outcome will occur) ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stim ...
... contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stim ...
Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... (designated CB1) (Devane and others 1988). This finding led to the cloning of the brain CB1 receptor (Matsuda and others 1990) and the identification of a peripheral CB2 receptor (Munro and others 1993), both of which are G protein--coupled receptors. The discovery of the endogenous cannabinoids anand ...
... (designated CB1) (Devane and others 1988). This finding led to the cloning of the brain CB1 receptor (Matsuda and others 1990) and the identification of a peripheral CB2 receptor (Munro and others 1993), both of which are G protein--coupled receptors. The discovery of the endogenous cannabinoids anand ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.