Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... response properties of AI. The present paper will deal with thalamic inputs, and a subsequent paper with cortical inputs (Pallas et al., in prep.). Additional sources of visual input to AI could be derived from stabilization of early exuberant projections, or from sprouting of novel connections. We ...
... response properties of AI. The present paper will deal with thalamic inputs, and a subsequent paper with cortical inputs (Pallas et al., in prep.). Additional sources of visual input to AI could be derived from stabilization of early exuberant projections, or from sprouting of novel connections. We ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS – composed of the brain and
... Integrates sensory information relayed from the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object ...
... Integrates sensory information relayed from the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... (Media Cybernetics, Silver Springs, MD), and the number of fibers that crossed the perimeter of the grid were counted. Fiber counts were obtained in the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices at bregma ⫺7.8, ⫺7.3, ⫺6.8, and ⫺6.3 mm. Statistical analyses. All dependent measures were analyzed in separate ...
... (Media Cybernetics, Silver Springs, MD), and the number of fibers that crossed the perimeter of the grid were counted. Fiber counts were obtained in the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices at bregma ⫺7.8, ⫺7.3, ⫺6.8, and ⫺6.3 mm. Statistical analyses. All dependent measures were analyzed in separate ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... callosum (inset in panel a). The section was labelled with a neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein. No glia or vascular elements were stained, which ensures that only neuronal architecture is considered when analysing an area. In the inset, the short arrow indicates the border between the RSC and ...
... callosum (inset in panel a). The section was labelled with a neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein. No glia or vascular elements were stained, which ensures that only neuronal architecture is considered when analysing an area. In the inset, the short arrow indicates the border between the RSC and ...
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
... entorhinal and hippocampal cortices. The hippocampal formation has indirect afferent connections from the whole of the cerebral cortex, funneled through the adjacent temporal cortex and the subiculum. The best understood function of the hippocampus is the consolidation of memory. Other components of ...
... entorhinal and hippocampal cortices. The hippocampal formation has indirect afferent connections from the whole of the cerebral cortex, funneled through the adjacent temporal cortex and the subiculum. The best understood function of the hippocampus is the consolidation of memory. Other components of ...
Behavioral consequences of abnormal cortical development
... [10]. Most cortical neurons are generated in the proliferative zone near the cerebral ventricles between embryonic (E) days 14 and 20 in rats [10,226], from E12 to E16 in mice [4,34,68] and during early and middle parts of gestation in primates [186]. The laminar structure of the cerebral cortex is ...
... [10]. Most cortical neurons are generated in the proliferative zone near the cerebral ventricles between embryonic (E) days 14 and 20 in rats [10,226], from E12 to E16 in mice [4,34,68] and during early and middle parts of gestation in primates [186]. The laminar structure of the cerebral cortex is ...
Copyright 1984 by Desav, Paul Henri All Rights Reserved
... surrounding a lateral ventricle. Figure 1 illustrates these sectors. The pallium consists of the cerebral cortex, an arc of tissue which forms the roof of the hemisphere, and the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR), a cell mass bulging from the lateral portion of the arc of cerebral cortex into the later ...
... surrounding a lateral ventricle. Figure 1 illustrates these sectors. The pallium consists of the cerebral cortex, an arc of tissue which forms the roof of the hemisphere, and the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR), a cell mass bulging from the lateral portion of the arc of cerebral cortex into the later ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... ! The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
... ! The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... FEF; b, SEF; c, peripheral striate and extra-striate cortex; d, area 40; e, area 7, PPC; f, area 22; g, cerebellum; h, mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain; i, insula/area 47; j , foveal striate and extra-striate cortex; k, hippocampus; m, anterior frontal lobe areas 9, 10, 45 and 46; n, areas 24 and 3 ...
... FEF; b, SEF; c, peripheral striate and extra-striate cortex; d, area 40; e, area 7, PPC; f, area 22; g, cerebellum; h, mediodorsal thalamus and midbrain; i, insula/area 47; j , foveal striate and extra-striate cortex; k, hippocampus; m, anterior frontal lobe areas 9, 10, 45 and 46; n, areas 24 and 3 ...
N.L. Strominger et al. Cerebellum, in Noback`s Human
... activity, all on an unconscious level. It plays no part in conscious perceptions or intelligence, although there is good evidence indicating that it is involved in nonmotor functions. Sensory input to the cerebellum is derived from the vestibular system, stretch receptors (neuromuscular spindles and ...
... activity, all on an unconscious level. It plays no part in conscious perceptions or intelligence, although there is good evidence indicating that it is involved in nonmotor functions. Sensory input to the cerebellum is derived from the vestibular system, stretch receptors (neuromuscular spindles and ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Coding of Object Location in
... Chunxiu Yu and Guy Horev contributed equally to this work (co-first authors). In whisking rodents, object location is encoded at the receptor level by a combination of motor and sensory related signals. Recoding of the encoded signals can result in various forms of internal representations. Here, we ...
... Chunxiu Yu and Guy Horev contributed equally to this work (co-first authors). In whisking rodents, object location is encoded at the receptor level by a combination of motor and sensory related signals. Recoding of the encoded signals can result in various forms of internal representations. Here, we ...
PDF
... D’Amato and Hicks, 1978; Vahlsing and Feringa, 1980; Paxino and Watson, 2007). Therefore, dorsal column lesions in rodents involve a direct motor loss in addition to the sensory loss. Thus, the use of dorsal column lesions in primates has the advantages of producing a rather specific loss of tactile ...
... D’Amato and Hicks, 1978; Vahlsing and Feringa, 1980; Paxino and Watson, 2007). Therefore, dorsal column lesions in rodents involve a direct motor loss in addition to the sensory loss. Thus, the use of dorsal column lesions in primates has the advantages of producing a rather specific loss of tactile ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... Slices from 10- to 25-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats or 14- to 57day-old FVB mice (Charles River) were maintained in vitro using conventional methods, and following the “Principles of laboratory animal care” (NIH publication 86–23) and University of California, Irvine, animal use regulations. Following ...
... Slices from 10- to 25-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats or 14- to 57day-old FVB mice (Charles River) were maintained in vitro using conventional methods, and following the “Principles of laboratory animal care” (NIH publication 86–23) and University of California, Irvine, animal use regulations. Following ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... of gestation, particularly during quiet sleep. During tracé discontinu, the cortical EEG is organized in intermittent bursts separated by periods of isoelectric EEG that could last for tens of seconds (Dreyfus-Brisac and Larroche, 1971). With maturation, the flat periods between bursts become progres ...
... of gestation, particularly during quiet sleep. During tracé discontinu, the cortical EEG is organized in intermittent bursts separated by periods of isoelectric EEG that could last for tens of seconds (Dreyfus-Brisac and Larroche, 1971). With maturation, the flat periods between bursts become progres ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... Controlling motor actions requires online adjustments of timevarying parameters. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly u ...
... Controlling motor actions requires online adjustments of timevarying parameters. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly u ...
Somatotopic mapping of natural upper- and lower
... Precise delineation of pathological and eloquent cortices is essential in pre-neurosurgical diagnostics of epilepsy. A limitation of existing experimental procedures, however, is that they critically require active cooperation of the patient, which is not always achievable, particularly in infants a ...
... Precise delineation of pathological and eloquent cortices is essential in pre-neurosurgical diagnostics of epilepsy. A limitation of existing experimental procedures, however, is that they critically require active cooperation of the patient, which is not always achievable, particularly in infants a ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... Abstract The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementa ...
... Abstract The ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus is connected with prefrontal and premotor cortices and with the basal ganglia. Although classically associated with motor functions, recent evidence implicates the basal ganglia in cognition and emotion as well. Here, we used two complementa ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... Connectivity of frontal areas. (a) Hierarchical feedforward (FF) (red arrows) and feedback (FB) (blue arrows) cortical connectivity. Premotor and prefrontal areas form a highly connected core that receives predominantly feedforward inputs from extrastriate visual areas; these inputs are reciprocated ...
... Connectivity of frontal areas. (a) Hierarchical feedforward (FF) (red arrows) and feedback (FB) (blue arrows) cortical connectivity. Premotor and prefrontal areas form a highly connected core that receives predominantly feedforward inputs from extrastriate visual areas; these inputs are reciprocated ...
Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex
... model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task paradigm, in which the subject is required to perform two different tasks simultaneously. In addition to the coordinated operation of multiple control systems, they also included as functions of the central executive s ...
... model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task paradigm, in which the subject is required to perform two different tasks simultaneously. In addition to the coordinated operation of multiple control systems, they also included as functions of the central executive s ...
Pansynaptic Enlargement at Adult Cortical
... hard to demonstrate in mammalian brains (Geinisman 2000; Barnes and Finnerty 2010). It is widely thought that structure and function are closely related (Lisman and Harris 1993; Pierce and Lewin 1994). In principle, then, it should be possible to predict how behavioral experience alters signaling be ...
... hard to demonstrate in mammalian brains (Geinisman 2000; Barnes and Finnerty 2010). It is widely thought that structure and function are closely related (Lisman and Harris 1993; Pierce and Lewin 1994). In principle, then, it should be possible to predict how behavioral experience alters signaling be ...
Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions
... includes nuclei of cranial nerves II – XII. B) contains centers for several vital reflexes like heart rate and blood pressure. C) contains the reticular formation. D) contains nuclei for vomiting and sneezing reflexes. E) all of the above Answer: e Level: 1 ...
... includes nuclei of cranial nerves II – XII. B) contains centers for several vital reflexes like heart rate and blood pressure. C) contains the reticular formation. D) contains nuclei for vomiting and sneezing reflexes. E) all of the above Answer: e Level: 1 ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... identified, for most of the spines appeared as isolated profiles that could not be traced back to their dendritic shafts. One example of a degenerating axon terminal synapsing with an axon initial segment was encountered. Small, degenerating myelinated axons were prevalent in layers VI, V and IV, bu ...
... identified, for most of the spines appeared as isolated profiles that could not be traced back to their dendritic shafts. One example of a degenerating axon terminal synapsing with an axon initial segment was encountered. Small, degenerating myelinated axons were prevalent in layers VI, V and IV, bu ...
CNS – composed of the brain and spinal cord Cephalization
... Integrates sensory information relayed from the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object ...
... Integrates sensory information relayed from the primary somatosensory cortex to produce an understanding of the object ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without producing any apparent deficits. Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious d ...
... that one could “remove considerable masses of cerebellar tissue without producing any apparent deficits. Now how are we going to explain that fact?” he wondered. ”One cannot help but feel that these intricate relay systems exert very subtle influences which, when withdrawn, produce no very obvious d ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections to parietal cortex. However, the architectonic heterogeneity of these cortices raises the question of whether distinct areas have lam ...
... visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections to parietal cortex. However, the architectonic heterogeneity of these cortices raises the question of whether distinct areas have lam ...
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the cerebrum's (brain) outer layer of neural tissue in humans and other mammals. It is divided into two cortices, along the sagittal plane: the left and right cerebral hemispheres divided by the medial longitudinal fissure. The cerebral cortex plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. The human cerebral cortex is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick.In large mammals, the cerebral cortex is folded, giving a much greater surface area in the confined volume of the skull. A fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove or fissure is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). In the human brain more than two-thirds of the cerebral cortex is buried in the sulci.The cerebral cortex is gray matter, consisting mainly of cell bodies (with astrocytes being the most abundant cell type in the cortex as well as the human brain as a whole) and capillaries. It contrasts with the underlying white matter, consisting mainly of the white myelinated sheaths of neuronal axons. The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex (also called isocortex), is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, has at most three cellular layers. Neurons in various layers connect vertically to form small microcircuits, called cortical columns. Different neocortical regions known as Brodmann areas are distinguished by variations in their cytoarchitectonics (histological structure) and functional roles in sensation, cognition and behavior.