from dicp.ac.cn
... activate the holoenzyme (17). p38 and CK2 both co-immunoprecipitate with p53 (18, 19). Anisomycin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser392 requires p38 MAPK kinase and CK2 activities (17). In additional, CK2 can phosphorylate IκBα at a cluster of C-terminal sites ...
... activate the holoenzyme (17). p38 and CK2 both co-immunoprecipitate with p53 (18, 19). Anisomycin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser392 requires p38 MAPK kinase and CK2 activities (17). In additional, CK2 can phosphorylate IκBα at a cluster of C-terminal sites ...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vprmediated G2 cell cycle
... diverse heterotrimeric forms of PP2A in vivo are generated by the association of a ubiquitous core heterodimer, consisting of a 36 kDa catalytic C subunit and a 68 kDa structural/regulatory A subunit, with a variable regulatory B subunit, which binds to the core enzyme yielding the holoenzyme (Mumby ...
... diverse heterotrimeric forms of PP2A in vivo are generated by the association of a ubiquitous core heterodimer, consisting of a 36 kDa catalytic C subunit and a 68 kDa structural/regulatory A subunit, with a variable regulatory B subunit, which binds to the core enzyme yielding the holoenzyme (Mumby ...
Functional Characterisation of Plant
... [2, 3]. However, the concept that prokaryotes could be the ancestors of some organelles is much older than the work of Lynn Margulis. In the late 19th century, Andreas Schimper made a fundamental observation, that there are similarities ...
... [2, 3]. However, the concept that prokaryotes could be the ancestors of some organelles is much older than the work of Lynn Margulis. In the late 19th century, Andreas Schimper made a fundamental observation, that there are similarities ...
Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... Different species of microbial pathogens apparently have individualized strategies, taking over the actinbased machinery by intervening at different steps in the overall process. Remarkably, the molecules involved in microbial rocketing have proved also to be involved in lamellipodial and filopodial ...
... Different species of microbial pathogens apparently have individualized strategies, taking over the actinbased machinery by intervening at different steps in the overall process. Remarkably, the molecules involved in microbial rocketing have proved also to be involved in lamellipodial and filopodial ...
Binding properties of YjeQ (RsgA), RbfA, RimM and Era to assembly
... mRNA (1,2). The 50S subunit (LSU) contains two rRNA molecules, the 23S and 5S rRNAs and 34 r-proteins and its main function is to catalyze peptide bond formation during protein translation (3–5). Much is now understood about the structure of the ribosome and the dynamic conformational changes that t ...
... mRNA (1,2). The 50S subunit (LSU) contains two rRNA molecules, the 23S and 5S rRNAs and 34 r-proteins and its main function is to catalyze peptide bond formation during protein translation (3–5). Much is now understood about the structure of the ribosome and the dynamic conformational changes that t ...
Oxidative-stress-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization is
... cyclin C in vitro by utilizing Lys48, a ubiquitin linkage associated with directing substrates to the 26S proteasome. Before its degradation, cyclin C, but not Cdk8p, translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This translocation requires both the cell-wallintegrity MAPK module and phospholipase ...
... cyclin C in vitro by utilizing Lys48, a ubiquitin linkage associated with directing substrates to the 26S proteasome. Before its degradation, cyclin C, but not Cdk8p, translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This translocation requires both the cell-wallintegrity MAPK module and phospholipase ...
The ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 (TNFAIP3) is a central regulator of
... and inappropriate NF-kB activity has been linked with many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Multiple mechanisms normally ensure the proper termination of NF-kB activation. In this context, the intracellular ubiquitin-editing protein A20 (also known as Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Protein ...
... and inappropriate NF-kB activity has been linked with many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Multiple mechanisms normally ensure the proper termination of NF-kB activation. In this context, the intracellular ubiquitin-editing protein A20 (also known as Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Protein ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
... minimizes the energetic cost for lipids to exist in a polar, aqueous environment. The hydrophobic core region makes the bilayer impermeable by blocking passage of polar molecules. Membrane lipids have different properties depending on the chemical composition of their head and tail regions. The hea ...
... minimizes the energetic cost for lipids to exist in a polar, aqueous environment. The hydrophobic core region makes the bilayer impermeable by blocking passage of polar molecules. Membrane lipids have different properties depending on the chemical composition of their head and tail regions. The hea ...
Divergent Functional Properties of the Ribosome
... al., 1992). In particular, this sensitivity to translation-inhibiting drugs provides in vivo evidence for a function of Ssb on the ribosome. Interestingly, SSB genes are regulated like ribosomal protein genes, suggesting a coordinate mode of regulation between this molecular chaperone and the protei ...
... al., 1992). In particular, this sensitivity to translation-inhibiting drugs provides in vivo evidence for a function of Ssb on the ribosome. Interestingly, SSB genes are regulated like ribosomal protein genes, suggesting a coordinate mode of regulation between this molecular chaperone and the protei ...
The Metamorphosis of the Aleurone Protein Storage Vacuole
... Much less is known about other aspects of hormonal regulation in the aleurone cell. GA and ABA receptors have not been identified, and signal transduction pathways that engage cellular targets are only beginning to be described (Bethke et al., 1997). Many key enzymes and transporters in the aleurone ...
... Much less is known about other aspects of hormonal regulation in the aleurone cell. GA and ABA receptors have not been identified, and signal transduction pathways that engage cellular targets are only beginning to be described (Bethke et al., 1997). Many key enzymes and transporters in the aleurone ...
Multiple Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Bacterial Autophagy
... chain 3 (LC3) or c-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) subfamilies, and by interacting with an extensive repertoire of proteins, they have important roles in mediating membrane-remodelling processes. Autophagy can be a general, nonselective recycling pathway activated by nutrient ...
... chain 3 (LC3) or c-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) subfamilies, and by interacting with an extensive repertoire of proteins, they have important roles in mediating membrane-remodelling processes. Autophagy can be a general, nonselective recycling pathway activated by nutrient ...
The Differential Degradation of Two Cytosolic Proteins As a Tool to
... (1990), who followed sequential steps in autophagy after inducing artificial protein complexes in the ER. However, their observations were restricted to the degradation of these complexes while, in general, autophagy is thought to be a nonspecific process in which cytoplasmic proteins are degraded r ...
... (1990), who followed sequential steps in autophagy after inducing artificial protein complexes in the ER. However, their observations were restricted to the degradation of these complexes while, in general, autophagy is thought to be a nonspecific process in which cytoplasmic proteins are degraded r ...
Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart • New York
... polymerases (i. e. the " A " subunits of these enzymes) - T h e second largest subunit of the R N A polymerases f r o m sulfur-dependent archaebacteria — T h e largest subunit of the R N A polymerases f r o m halophilic a n d methanogenic archaebacteria — Subunit ß ' of eubacterial R N A polymerases ...
... polymerases (i. e. the " A " subunits of these enzymes) - T h e second largest subunit of the R N A polymerases f r o m sulfur-dependent archaebacteria — T h e largest subunit of the R N A polymerases f r o m halophilic a n d methanogenic archaebacteria — Subunit ß ' of eubacterial R N A polymerases ...
ldentification of Surface-Exposed Domains on the Reducing Side of
... centers, A,, A,, and Fx. PsaC binds two [4Fe-4S] clusters, FA and FB(Oh-oka et al., 1988). PsaD provides an essential Fddocking site on the reducing side of PSI (Zanetti and Merati, 1987; Zilber and Malkin, 1988; Lelong et al., 1994; Xu et al., 1994a) and is also required for the stable assembly of ...
... centers, A,, A,, and Fx. PsaC binds two [4Fe-4S] clusters, FA and FB(Oh-oka et al., 1988). PsaD provides an essential Fddocking site on the reducing side of PSI (Zanetti and Merati, 1987; Zilber and Malkin, 1988; Lelong et al., 1994; Xu et al., 1994a) and is also required for the stable assembly of ...
Molecular signatures-based prediction of enzyme
... level (see previous definitions) was computed between pairs of reactions annotated for each enzyme. Based on reaction similarity, the sequence list was split into positive set (promiscuous) and negative set (non-promiscuous). Redundancy was removed within each set by using the cd-hit program (Li and ...
... level (see previous definitions) was computed between pairs of reactions annotated for each enzyme. Based on reaction similarity, the sequence list was split into positive set (promiscuous) and negative set (non-promiscuous). Redundancy was removed within each set by using the cd-hit program (Li and ...
A PP2A-B55 recognition signal controls substrate
... 2010; Ferrell, 2013), how individual substrates for the same pathway are differentially regulated is still poorly understood. It has long been known that mitotic kinases, substrates of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, and many other regulatory enzymes have specific linear recognition motifs ...
... 2010; Ferrell, 2013), how individual substrates for the same pathway are differentially regulated is still poorly understood. It has long been known that mitotic kinases, substrates of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, and many other regulatory enzymes have specific linear recognition motifs ...
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of
... endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These include macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (2– 4). Macroautophagy ...
... endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These include macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (2– 4). Macroautophagy ...
HIBERNATING BEARS, ANTIBIOTICS AND THE EVOLVING RIBOSOME
... perform cooperatively. The small subunit provides the path along which the mRNA progresses, the decoding center and the mechanism controlling translation fidelity, and the large subunit contains the site for the main ribosomal catalytic function, polymerization of the amino acids and the protein exi ...
... perform cooperatively. The small subunit provides the path along which the mRNA progresses, the decoding center and the mechanism controlling translation fidelity, and the large subunit contains the site for the main ribosomal catalytic function, polymerization of the amino acids and the protein exi ...
Two Microtubule-Associated Proteins of the
... 2004). While AtMAP65-1 has 78% sequence identity with AtMAP65-2, it only has approximately 44% sequence identity with AtMAP65-6 (Hussey et al., 2002). Because AtMAP65-6 shows significant sequence divergence with AtMAP65-1 at both N and C termini, we wondered whether the divergence would render diffe ...
... 2004). While AtMAP65-1 has 78% sequence identity with AtMAP65-2, it only has approximately 44% sequence identity with AtMAP65-6 (Hussey et al., 2002). Because AtMAP65-6 shows significant sequence divergence with AtMAP65-1 at both N and C termini, we wondered whether the divergence would render diffe ...
Biological Expression Language Overview
... • This distinction is particularly useful for proteins whose activities are regulated by post-translational modification • BEL v1.0 supports 10 distinct activity functions: – catalyticActivity, peptidaseActivity, gtpBoundActivity, transportActivity, chaperoneActivity, transcriptionalActivity, molecu ...
... • This distinction is particularly useful for proteins whose activities are regulated by post-translational modification • BEL v1.0 supports 10 distinct activity functions: – catalyticActivity, peptidaseActivity, gtpBoundActivity, transportActivity, chaperoneActivity, transcriptionalActivity, molecu ...
RNA polyadenylation and decay in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
... As mentioned earlier, following endonucleolytic cleavage the RNA fragment can be polyadenylated and exonucleolytically degraded (Fig. 2). Therefore, unlike stable nuclear poly(A) tails, the polyadenylation in this context is transient. Accordingly, progressive RT‐PCR amplification methods are requir ...
... As mentioned earlier, following endonucleolytic cleavage the RNA fragment can be polyadenylated and exonucleolytically degraded (Fig. 2). Therefore, unlike stable nuclear poly(A) tails, the polyadenylation in this context is transient. Accordingly, progressive RT‐PCR amplification methods are requir ...
Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins that bind to
... The following individuals and institutions are hereby acknowledged and thanked for their contribution to this project. Dr Gabre Kemp, thank you for your support and sacrifice in the completion of this project. Your willingness to help and guide me along the way is greatly appreciated. Thank you for ...
... The following individuals and institutions are hereby acknowledged and thanked for their contribution to this project. Dr Gabre Kemp, thank you for your support and sacrifice in the completion of this project. Your willingness to help and guide me along the way is greatly appreciated. Thank you for ...
The nullo protein is a component of the actin
... 1864 M. A. Postner and E. F. Wieschaus abnormalities in the actin array: some of the sides of the hexagons are unusually thick while others are extremely thin or missing altogether (Fig. 1B,C). In nullo embryos, the initial few minutes of network formation appear normal (Wieschaus and Sweeton, 1988 ...
... 1864 M. A. Postner and E. F. Wieschaus abnormalities in the actin array: some of the sides of the hexagons are unusually thick while others are extremely thin or missing altogether (Fig. 1B,C). In nullo embryos, the initial few minutes of network formation appear normal (Wieschaus and Sweeton, 1988 ...
Dissociation of a ll0-kD Peripheral Membrane Protein from the Golgi
... We have previously shown that BFA causes the rapid redistribution of Golgi resident proteins into the ER, resulting in the loss of the Golgi apparatus as a distinct organelle (Lippincott-Schwartz et al., 1989). While the mechanism of action of BFA is far from understood, recent data suggest that the ...
... We have previously shown that BFA causes the rapid redistribution of Golgi resident proteins into the ER, resulting in the loss of the Golgi apparatus as a distinct organelle (Lippincott-Schwartz et al., 1989). While the mechanism of action of BFA is far from understood, recent data suggest that the ...
Autophagy at the crossroads of catabolism and anabolism
... specific cargoes such as mitochondria, peroxisomes and ribosomes, and protein aggregates. Selective autophagy is mediated by autophagy cargo receptors that bind cargo earmarked with degradation signals, most commonly ubiquitin in mammals, through their ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD). These receptors ...
... specific cargoes such as mitochondria, peroxisomes and ribosomes, and protein aggregates. Selective autophagy is mediated by autophagy cargo receptors that bind cargo earmarked with degradation signals, most commonly ubiquitin in mammals, through their ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD). These receptors ...
Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.