Isoform-specific expression and function of neuregulin
... that cells derived from several lineages (mesoderm, neuroectoderm, placode and neural crest) express neuregulin type I during early postimplantation development. Isoform-specific expression of neuregulins during development of sensory ganglia and the spinal cord In later stages, we determined in det ...
... that cells derived from several lineages (mesoderm, neuroectoderm, placode and neural crest) express neuregulin type I during early postimplantation development. Isoform-specific expression of neuregulins during development of sensory ganglia and the spinal cord In later stages, we determined in det ...
Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... Kawakami, 2008; Halpern et al., 2008). This system, described in more detail below, enables researchers to target the expression of genes to specific cells. In particular, the GAL4/UAS system has been used to express the genes, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), as well as of optical probes, s ...
... Kawakami, 2008; Halpern et al., 2008). This system, described in more detail below, enables researchers to target the expression of genes to specific cells. In particular, the GAL4/UAS system has been used to express the genes, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), as well as of optical probes, s ...
TDP-43 is intercellularly transmitted across axon terminals
... cells, which might be the molecular correlate of the systematic symptom spreading observed during ALS progression. We developed a novel protein complementation assay allowing quantification of TDP-43 oligomers in living cells. We demonstrate the exchange of TDP-43 between cell somata and the presenc ...
... cells, which might be the molecular correlate of the systematic symptom spreading observed during ALS progression. We developed a novel protein complementation assay allowing quantification of TDP-43 oligomers in living cells. We demonstrate the exchange of TDP-43 between cell somata and the presenc ...
Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating
... PACAP has been identifi in nerves in the female genital tract [7,8,9], autonomic neurons of the paracervical ganglia [8] and sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia [6,11,25] and dorsal horn of the spinal cord [6,13,18,25,40]. PACAP, first identified by Miyata and co-workers [23,24], was isolated ...
... PACAP has been identifi in nerves in the female genital tract [7,8,9], autonomic neurons of the paracervical ganglia [8] and sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia [6,11,25] and dorsal horn of the spinal cord [6,13,18,25,40]. PACAP, first identified by Miyata and co-workers [23,24], was isolated ...
Chapter 3 Two parts of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi project to two
... The dorsolateral column of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a separate part of the PAG. Its afferent sources, efferent targets and neurochemical properties differ from the adjacent PAG columns. The dorsolateral PAG is thought to be associated with aversive behaviors, but it is not yet ...
... The dorsolateral column of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a separate part of the PAG. Its afferent sources, efferent targets and neurochemical properties differ from the adjacent PAG columns. The dorsolateral PAG is thought to be associated with aversive behaviors, but it is not yet ...
Empathic choice involves vmPFC value signals that are modulated
... Here, we present the results of a simple human functional magnetic resonance imaging study (fMRI) in which subjects made otherwise identical decisions (purchasing DVDs) in either a self-oriented context, by buying them for themselves with their own funds, or in an empathic context, by buying them fo ...
... Here, we present the results of a simple human functional magnetic resonance imaging study (fMRI) in which subjects made otherwise identical decisions (purchasing DVDs) in either a self-oriented context, by buying them for themselves with their own funds, or in an empathic context, by buying them fo ...
The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and its role in
... kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, also called extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs, Nishida and Gotoh, 1993)). The activation of these kinases is induced by a rise in either Ca2+ or cAMP levels in the cytosol. These two induction pathways, in ...
... kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, also called extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs, Nishida and Gotoh, 1993)). The activation of these kinases is induced by a rise in either Ca2+ or cAMP levels in the cytosol. These two induction pathways, in ...
Neuromorphic computing
... A NEST network is a directed weighted graph: • Nodes • neurons, devices, sub-networks • have a dynamic state that changes over time and can be influenced by events ...
... A NEST network is a directed weighted graph: • Nodes • neurons, devices, sub-networks • have a dynamic state that changes over time and can be influenced by events ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
... astrocytes, in proportions that depend on the developmental stage. T4 and T3 are degraded by Dio3 present in neurons. Entry of T4 and T3 in brain is facilitated by specific transmembrane transporters, mainly the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) and the organic anion transporter polypeptide 1c1 ( ...
... astrocytes, in proportions that depend on the developmental stage. T4 and T3 are degraded by Dio3 present in neurons. Entry of T4 and T3 in brain is facilitated by specific transmembrane transporters, mainly the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) and the organic anion transporter polypeptide 1c1 ( ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... Seven adult cats of both sexes (body weight 2–5 kg) were used. Use of these cats was approved by French Ministry of Agriculture and followed the NIH Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. To increase the intraneuronal 5-HT content, two animals were pharmacologically pretreated by int ...
... Seven adult cats of both sexes (body weight 2–5 kg) were used. Use of these cats was approved by French Ministry of Agriculture and followed the NIH Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. To increase the intraneuronal 5-HT content, two animals were pharmacologically pretreated by int ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
... Figure 3. Diagram showing neural circuits controlling continence and micturition. (A) Urine storage reflexes. During the storage of urine, distention of the bladder produces low level vesical afferent firing, which in turn stimulates (1) the sympathetic outflow to the bladder outlet (base and urethr ...
Huntingtin Aggregation Kinetics and Their Pathological
... (Carmichael et al. 2000) and administration of small molecule aggregation inhibitors (Chopra et al. 2007), have been shown to decrease neurodegeneration. Live imaging demonstrates that Htt aggregates can sequester and alter kinetics of trafficked organelles and proteins such as synaptic vesicles (Sin ...
... (Carmichael et al. 2000) and administration of small molecule aggregation inhibitors (Chopra et al. 2007), have been shown to decrease neurodegeneration. Live imaging demonstrates that Htt aggregates can sequester and alter kinetics of trafficked organelles and proteins such as synaptic vesicles (Sin ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. With an understanding of these new elements and mechanisms, a new Chapter 19 on the Mechanisms and Capabilities of Read ...
... in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. With an understanding of these new elements and mechanisms, a new Chapter 19 on the Mechanisms and Capabilities of Read ...
Print
... platelets is vital for normal hemostasis. However, these processes are also of great interest in understanding mechanisms of disease and for the development of effective therapies. Thus inhibitors of ACE are widely used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure, and antagonists of PARs are ...
... platelets is vital for normal hemostasis. However, these processes are also of great interest in understanding mechanisms of disease and for the development of effective therapies. Thus inhibitors of ACE are widely used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure, and antagonists of PARs are ...
Chapter 3
... 3.1-34. Steven is a cheerleader for the football team; his job is to excite the fans. What is the name for drugs that perform the same function in the brain? a. GABA b. Antagonists c. Agonists d. Neuropeptides ...
... 3.1-34. Steven is a cheerleader for the football team; his job is to excite the fans. What is the name for drugs that perform the same function in the brain? a. GABA b. Antagonists c. Agonists d. Neuropeptides ...
Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... There is perhaps a tendency to assume that the amygdala alone is involved in associations between environmental stimuli and reinforcing events, especially in studies of aversive conditioning. However, not only is it clear that some forms of fear-motivated learning, such as aversive eye-blink conditi ...
... There is perhaps a tendency to assume that the amygdala alone is involved in associations between environmental stimuli and reinforcing events, especially in studies of aversive conditioning. However, not only is it clear that some forms of fear-motivated learning, such as aversive eye-blink conditi ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... The goal of this thesis is to analyze the generation of single unit extracellular action potentials (EAPs), and to explore pertinent issues in the interpretation of EAP recordings. I use the line source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellul ...
... The goal of this thesis is to analyze the generation of single unit extracellular action potentials (EAPs), and to explore pertinent issues in the interpretation of EAP recordings. I use the line source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellul ...
Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations
... turn, sends signals through efferent (motor) neurons to modulate the sensitivity of the hair cells (Simmons et al., 2011) that are highly conserved across vertebrates (Köppl, 2011). The vestibular sensory epithelia consist of the utricle and saccule for the perception of linear acceleration and grav ...
... turn, sends signals through efferent (motor) neurons to modulate the sensitivity of the hair cells (Simmons et al., 2011) that are highly conserved across vertebrates (Köppl, 2011). The vestibular sensory epithelia consist of the utricle and saccule for the perception of linear acceleration and grav ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... trained two at a time, and the classical conditioning session started after both rabbits were infused and placed in separate soundattenuating chambers. The maximum time between the end of drug delivery and the beginning of the conditioning session was 7 min. At the end of the study, all rabbits unde ...
... trained two at a time, and the classical conditioning session started after both rabbits were infused and placed in separate soundattenuating chambers. The maximum time between the end of drug delivery and the beginning of the conditioning session was 7 min. At the end of the study, all rabbits unde ...
FREE Sample Here
... 7) Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke and wanted permission to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized X-rays. ...
... 7) Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke and wanted permission to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized X-rays. ...
FREE Sample Here
... 7) Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke and wanted permission to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized X-rays. ...
... 7) Conan brought his mother to the hospital when he noticed she couldn’t move one side of her body and had great difficulty speaking. The physician informed Conan that his mother may have had a stroke and wanted permission to confirm this speculation by using an imaging device that utilized X-rays. ...
Neural Mapping of Direction and Frequency in
... nerve cell is mounted on the microscope stage, and the operator controls the precise movement of the neuron in three dimensions by means of three precision stepper motors, each mounted on a different axis of the mechanical microscope stage. The neuron is moved under the microscope so that its branch ...
... nerve cell is mounted on the microscope stage, and the operator controls the precise movement of the neuron in three dimensions by means of three precision stepper motors, each mounted on a different axis of the mechanical microscope stage. The neuron is moved under the microscope so that its branch ...
The Influence of Retinal Afferents Upon the Development of Layers
... is a well defined cell-free zone separating lamina A from the perigeniculate nucleus rostrally and from the medial interlaminar nucleus medially. The border between the medial interlaminar nucleus and the C laminae is less clear, as in a normal animal. In contrast to this, on the side of the survivi ...
... is a well defined cell-free zone separating lamina A from the perigeniculate nucleus rostrally and from the medial interlaminar nucleus medially. The border between the medial interlaminar nucleus and the C laminae is less clear, as in a normal animal. In contrast to this, on the side of the survivi ...
Bischoff_Thesis_notes
... synapses involved in the correct movements #is this true? or does the activity stay the same and just the prefrontal-striatal connection weights are increased. it doesn't seem to me that this would affect activity in the prefrontal cortex unless there were recipocal connections from the basal gang ...
... synapses involved in the correct movements #is this true? or does the activity stay the same and just the prefrontal-striatal connection weights are increased. it doesn't seem to me that this would affect activity in the prefrontal cortex unless there were recipocal connections from the basal gang ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.