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... (1) He proposed a theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics in which an animal’s body parts are altered through use or disuse and these altered characteristics are transmitted to their offspring. (a) Although this is biologically impossible, he nevertheless is credited with being the fir ...
... (1) He proposed a theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics in which an animal’s body parts are altered through use or disuse and these altered characteristics are transmitted to their offspring. (a) Although this is biologically impossible, he nevertheless is credited with being the fir ...
Pre-zygotic isolation in the macroalgal genusFucus from four contact
... therefore, provide a natural experiment to study the selective forces causing the evolution of reproductive barriers and ultimately, the mechanisms of speciation. Hybrid zones exist in many forms: narrow or wide, ephemeral or long lasting, and linear or mosaic [7–10]. The structure of a hybrid zone ...
... therefore, provide a natural experiment to study the selective forces causing the evolution of reproductive barriers and ultimately, the mechanisms of speciation. Hybrid zones exist in many forms: narrow or wide, ephemeral or long lasting, and linear or mosaic [7–10]. The structure of a hybrid zone ...
A framework for comparing processes of speciation in the
... physiological architecture. An example might be male and female body size, or perhaps a male acoustic signal and female preference that share a common underlying oscillator (Butlin & Ritchie 1989). For such traits, pleiotropy will be common. Nevertheless, it is perfectly possible for them to be infl ...
... physiological architecture. An example might be male and female body size, or perhaps a male acoustic signal and female preference that share a common underlying oscillator (Butlin & Ritchie 1989). For such traits, pleiotropy will be common. Nevertheless, it is perfectly possible for them to be infl ...
Apago PDF Enhancer
... Suppose, for example, that in a population of toads, two phenotypes exist: green and brown. Suppose, further, that green toads leave, on average, 4.0 offspring in the next generation, but brown toads leave only 2.5. By custom, the most fit phenotype is assigned a fitness value of 1.0, and other phen ...
... Suppose, for example, that in a population of toads, two phenotypes exist: green and brown. Suppose, further, that green toads leave, on average, 4.0 offspring in the next generation, but brown toads leave only 2.5. By custom, the most fit phenotype is assigned a fitness value of 1.0, and other phen ...
adaptive radiation driven by the interplay of eco
... temporal scales. For example, the connections between populations may vary due to glaciations and postglacial secondary contacts (Hewitt 2000; Young et al. 2002; Zhang et al. 2008). Global climatic variations and geological processes may cause sea level changes, resulting in repetitive separations a ...
... temporal scales. For example, the connections between populations may vary due to glaciations and postglacial secondary contacts (Hewitt 2000; Young et al. 2002; Zhang et al. 2008). Global climatic variations and geological processes may cause sea level changes, resulting in repetitive separations a ...
Document
... The available evidence suggests that negative epistatic interactions, so called Bateson-DobzhanskyMuller incompatibilities (BDMIs, or often just referred to as DMIs), are the most frequent cause of intrinsic postzygotic isolation1, 19-21. However, other mechanisms, including underdominance22 and gen ...
... The available evidence suggests that negative epistatic interactions, so called Bateson-DobzhanskyMuller incompatibilities (BDMIs, or often just referred to as DMIs), are the most frequent cause of intrinsic postzygotic isolation1, 19-21. However, other mechanisms, including underdominance22 and gen ...
as a PDF
... offspring. Of these, he says, “... in these descriptions, the previous history is invariably obscure, and hence the evidence loses all scientific value”24 . Weismann argues that though exercise strengthens organs, perfection of an organism does not depend on the amount of exercise, but rather on the ...
... offspring. Of these, he says, “... in these descriptions, the previous history is invariably obscure, and hence the evidence loses all scientific value”24 . Weismann argues that though exercise strengthens organs, perfection of an organism does not depend on the amount of exercise, but rather on the ...
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... A. Peer review allows other scientists to know what is current in their field. B. Careful evaluation of research results by other scientists ensures that only solid and legitimate research results are published, and helps prevent faulty research or false claims from being viewed as scientific fact. ...
... A. Peer review allows other scientists to know what is current in their field. B. Careful evaluation of research results by other scientists ensures that only solid and legitimate research results are published, and helps prevent faulty research or false claims from being viewed as scientific fact. ...
Dissecting the evolutionary impacts of plant invasions: bugs and
... length are genetically based rather than developmentally induced by the juvenile or maternal environment (Carroll et al., 1997). We treat these genetic findings in greater detail in the next section. Loss of performance on the ancestral host is evolving at the same rate (Carroll et al., 2001, 2003a, ...
... length are genetically based rather than developmentally induced by the juvenile or maternal environment (Carroll et al., 1997). We treat these genetic findings in greater detail in the next section. Loss of performance on the ancestral host is evolving at the same rate (Carroll et al., 2001, 2003a, ...
(Roger Patterson)
... demonstrates the shaky ground that the philosophy is based on. Darwin’s Enigma by Luther Sutherland (technical), Master Books, 1998. This powerful argument for intelligent design contains some of the most compelling data available by focusing on the very real shortcomings of the fossil record in sup ...
... demonstrates the shaky ground that the philosophy is based on. Darwin’s Enigma by Luther Sutherland (technical), Master Books, 1998. This powerful argument for intelligent design contains some of the most compelling data available by focusing on the very real shortcomings of the fossil record in sup ...
Colonisation of toxic environments drives predictable lifehistory
... estimated offspring size at birth and fecundity as dependent variables, and including ‘clade’ (the seven major clades), ‘toxicity’ (sulphidic vs. non-sulphidic), and their interaction as independent variables. This treats the seven different clades effectively as blocks, testing for effects of toxic ...
... estimated offspring size at birth and fecundity as dependent variables, and including ‘clade’ (the seven major clades), ‘toxicity’ (sulphidic vs. non-sulphidic), and their interaction as independent variables. This treats the seven different clades effectively as blocks, testing for effects of toxic ...
Evolutionary branching and sympatric speciation
... asexual models as a basis for understanding aspects of speciation: in sexual populations, branching could be prevented by the continual production of intermediate offspring phenotypes through recombination between incipient branches. If mating is random, this indeed is the case. However, if mating i ...
... asexual models as a basis for understanding aspects of speciation: in sexual populations, branching could be prevented by the continual production of intermediate offspring phenotypes through recombination between incipient branches. If mating is random, this indeed is the case. However, if mating i ...
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
... 3. Islands provide many empty niches, but continents provide few. Empty niches are particularly numerous on islands with much habitat heterogeneity. The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanididae) were early colonists of the Hawaiian Islands and evolved into rather varied adaptive zones that on the mainla ...
... 3. Islands provide many empty niches, but continents provide few. Empty niches are particularly numerous on islands with much habitat heterogeneity. The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanididae) were early colonists of the Hawaiian Islands and evolved into rather varied adaptive zones that on the mainla ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Case studies – criteria The most common strategy for the investigation of reinforcement is through case studies on specific plants (Table 1). Case studies have shown evidence consistent with reinforcement but, in many systems, further research is required to understand whether and how reinforcement ...
... Case studies – criteria The most common strategy for the investigation of reinforcement is through case studies on specific plants (Table 1). Case studies have shown evidence consistent with reinforcement but, in many systems, further research is required to understand whether and how reinforcement ...
Does Darwin belong in business? The danger and
... Although the precise rules of this process are unknown, Maasen, Mendelsohn, and Weingart suggested we could assume an underlying mechanism that accounts for the ongoing translation of meaning between different discourses (1995: 8). An example of the changing meaning is provided later in this paper i ...
... Although the precise rules of this process are unknown, Maasen, Mendelsohn, and Weingart suggested we could assume an underlying mechanism that accounts for the ongoing translation of meaning between different discourses (1995: 8). An example of the changing meaning is provided later in this paper i ...
Feedback Theory and Darwinian Evolution
... Darwin) has the most startling and profound implications for evolutionary theory. It introduces the possibility, even the necessity, of feedback loops, which in turn imply that ordinary Darwinian evolution may display highly non-linear behavior, chaos instead of order, periodic extinctions, neoteny, ...
... Darwin) has the most startling and profound implications for evolutionary theory. It introduces the possibility, even the necessity, of feedback loops, which in turn imply that ordinary Darwinian evolution may display highly non-linear behavior, chaos instead of order, periodic extinctions, neoteny, ...
Adaptive Radiation, Ecological Opportunity, and
... organismal biology, encompassing behavior, ecology, physiology, genetics, and other disciplines. The work of many of the great naturalists of our time (e.g., Edward O. Wilson and previous recipients of the Wilson Award), as well as those of times past (e.g., Jordan, Grinnell, Lack, and Mayr), has em ...
... organismal biology, encompassing behavior, ecology, physiology, genetics, and other disciplines. The work of many of the great naturalists of our time (e.g., Edward O. Wilson and previous recipients of the Wilson Award), as well as those of times past (e.g., Jordan, Grinnell, Lack, and Mayr), has em ...
Adaptive Radiation, Ecological Opportunity, and Evolutionary
... organismal biology, encompassing behavior, ecology, physiology, genetics, and other disciplines. The work of many of the great naturalists of our time (e.g., Edward O. Wilson and previous recipients of the Wilson Award), as well as those of times past (e.g., Jordan, Grinnell, Lack, and Mayr), has em ...
... organismal biology, encompassing behavior, ecology, physiology, genetics, and other disciplines. The work of many of the great naturalists of our time (e.g., Edward O. Wilson and previous recipients of the Wilson Award), as well as those of times past (e.g., Jordan, Grinnell, Lack, and Mayr), has em ...
Mutualisms in a changing world: an evolutionary
... mutualism abandonment (i.e., extinction of the interaction, but not necessarily the partners). We suggest that these processes are among the most widespread and potent, yet least-understood responses of mutualisms to global change; cases in which these responses have altered the evolutionary traject ...
... mutualism abandonment (i.e., extinction of the interaction, but not necessarily the partners). We suggest that these processes are among the most widespread and potent, yet least-understood responses of mutualisms to global change; cases in which these responses have altered the evolutionary traject ...
Fission and fusion of Darwin`s finches populations
... selective forces sets a population on a new evolutionary trajectory (Lewontin & Birch 1966; Grant & Grant 1989; Coyne & Orr 2004). In animals, behavioural modifications can sometimes ameliorate problems associated with ecological differences during an initial colonization event, or sudden environmen ...
... selective forces sets a population on a new evolutionary trajectory (Lewontin & Birch 1966; Grant & Grant 1989; Coyne & Orr 2004). In animals, behavioural modifications can sometimes ameliorate problems associated with ecological differences during an initial colonization event, or sudden environmen ...
Fission and fusion of Darwin`s finches populations
... selective forces sets a population on a new evolutionary trajectory (Lewontin & Birch 1966; Grant & Grant 1989; Coyne & Orr 2004). In animals, behavioural modifications can sometimes ameliorate problems associated with ecological differences during an initial colonization event, or sudden environmen ...
... selective forces sets a population on a new evolutionary trajectory (Lewontin & Birch 1966; Grant & Grant 1989; Coyne & Orr 2004). In animals, behavioural modifications can sometimes ameliorate problems associated with ecological differences during an initial colonization event, or sudden environmen ...
Descent With Modification
... • Later that year, both Wallace’s paper and extracts of Darwin’s essay were presented to the Linnaean Society of London. • Darwin quickly finished The Origin of Species and published it the next year. • While both Darwin and Wallace developed similar ideas independently, the essence of evolution by ...
... • Later that year, both Wallace’s paper and extracts of Darwin’s essay were presented to the Linnaean Society of London. • Darwin quickly finished The Origin of Species and published it the next year. • While both Darwin and Wallace developed similar ideas independently, the essence of evolution by ...
Wilson et al. constrained lability in Penstemon and
... that it is most parsimonious to postulate at least 21 shifts from bee pollination toward hummingbird pollination or back. One possibility for how that estimate might be inflated would involve random variation in the molecular data. Thus, we went on to quantify transitions using bootstrapped data. We ...
... that it is most parsimonious to postulate at least 21 shifts from bee pollination toward hummingbird pollination or back. One possibility for how that estimate might be inflated would involve random variation in the molecular data. Thus, we went on to quantify transitions using bootstrapped data. We ...
AP SUMMER 2016 Power Point
... became more brightly colored Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... became more brightly colored Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.