Evolution by Jumps: Francis Galton and William Bateson
... Galton “obtained the more or less complete produce of . . . 490 carefully weighed seeds.” They gave him “two data, which were all that I required in order to understand the simplest form of descent,” allowing him to get “at the heart of the problem at once.” By simple descent Galton meant self-ferti ...
... Galton “obtained the more or less complete produce of . . . 490 carefully weighed seeds.” They gave him “two data, which were all that I required in order to understand the simplest form of descent,” allowing him to get “at the heart of the problem at once.” By simple descent Galton meant self-ferti ...
Wells, Icons of Evolution
... 1. Phylum-level and class-level differences appeared only after a long history of changes in species. 2. The fossil record will show evidence of speciation occurring through all epochs. 3. The Tree of Life has been used for so long that many people assume it is factual. Steve Badger ...
... 1. Phylum-level and class-level differences appeared only after a long history of changes in species. 2. The fossil record will show evidence of speciation occurring through all epochs. 3. The Tree of Life has been used for so long that many people assume it is factual. Steve Badger ...
DOBZHANSKY ON EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS
... i.e., to individuals, pure lines (biotypes), Jordanons (races or subspecies) or species. "In this regard we go no further, ..., that is [not] beyond the species, for we hold that one must understand by variability ['Veränderlichkeit'] the unlikeness or diversity of individuals or groups of individua ...
... i.e., to individuals, pure lines (biotypes), Jordanons (races or subspecies) or species. "In this regard we go no further, ..., that is [not] beyond the species, for we hold that one must understand by variability ['Veränderlichkeit'] the unlikeness or diversity of individuals or groups of individua ...
ap22-Descent With Modification
... • The capacity to overproduce seems to be a characteristic of all species, with only a small fraction of eggs developing to leave offspring of their own. •In each generation, environmental factors filter heritable variations, favoring some over others. • Differential reproduction -- whereby organis ...
... • The capacity to overproduce seems to be a characteristic of all species, with only a small fraction of eggs developing to leave offspring of their own. •In each generation, environmental factors filter heritable variations, favoring some over others. • Differential reproduction -- whereby organis ...
Coexistence in competition models with density dependent mortality
... where Cw may be viewed as accounting for mutual feeding interference among members of the competitors. It was demonstrated that two competitors not only coexist upon a single prey in the sense of uniform persistence, but also have a globally stable equilibrium. On the other hand, when lethal fightin ...
... where Cw may be viewed as accounting for mutual feeding interference among members of the competitors. It was demonstrated that two competitors not only coexist upon a single prey in the sense of uniform persistence, but also have a globally stable equilibrium. On the other hand, when lethal fightin ...
On the Origin of Cats and Carnivores
... world and the origins of the felines and carnivores, and to suggest a nonmacroevolutionary hypothesis; one which is in accord with creationist thinking. ...
... world and the origins of the felines and carnivores, and to suggest a nonmacroevolutionary hypothesis; one which is in accord with creationist thinking. ...
Ch16_17_19ReviewRegBio
... Know the difference between directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection is, how this affects a population ...
... Know the difference between directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection is, how this affects a population ...
Conceptual Barriers to Progress Within Evolutionary Biology
... selection; conversely, those aspects of development that have not been shaped by selection play no evolutionary role. Mayr was extremely influential in bringing this commonly made distinction between ‘proximate’ and ‘ultimate’ causes to prominence within biology. In an article published in 1961, May ...
... selection; conversely, those aspects of development that have not been shaped by selection play no evolutionary role. Mayr was extremely influential in bringing this commonly made distinction between ‘proximate’ and ‘ultimate’ causes to prominence within biology. In an article published in 1961, May ...
Interpreting evolutionary diagrams: When topology and process
... as to whether speciation events were the result of anagenesis (one species evolving directly into another) or cladogenesis. These latter diagrams are especially prevalent in high school textbooks (47% of all evolutionary diagrams) and in college textbooks geared toward introductory biology classes f ...
... as to whether speciation events were the result of anagenesis (one species evolving directly into another) or cladogenesis. These latter diagrams are especially prevalent in high school textbooks (47% of all evolutionary diagrams) and in college textbooks geared toward introductory biology classes f ...
Succession an Unfinished Revolution
... The papers by Oosting, Humphrey and Keever which start this section, bring us into the investigations of the mechanisms of succession after the loss of faith caused by the abandonment of the neo-lamarkian paradigm. The vision that the early 1900's ecologist had of the organization of communities by ...
... The papers by Oosting, Humphrey and Keever which start this section, bring us into the investigations of the mechanisms of succession after the loss of faith caused by the abandonment of the neo-lamarkian paradigm. The vision that the early 1900's ecologist had of the organization of communities by ...
The structure and development of evolutionary theory from a
... prediction, the hypothesis is falsified and needs to be adjusted or rejected and replaced. An honest and responsible scientist should make risky predictions and must be prepared to discard his hypothesis if the data does not agree with it. Although it is widely held, this is only one among several i ...
... prediction, the hypothesis is falsified and needs to be adjusted or rejected and replaced. An honest and responsible scientist should make risky predictions and must be prepared to discard his hypothesis if the data does not agree with it. Although it is widely held, this is only one among several i ...
TWO WRONGS (James MacAllister) On April 2011, University of
... occasions to dump on modern evolutionary biology. In this respect she may be worse for science than creationists, since her scientific credibility remains high.”1 It appears lost on Coyne that he and Richard Dawkins are also famous, are invited many places, and often use these occasions to ignore, t ...
... occasions to dump on modern evolutionary biology. In this respect she may be worse for science than creationists, since her scientific credibility remains high.”1 It appears lost on Coyne that he and Richard Dawkins are also famous, are invited many places, and often use these occasions to ignore, t ...
TWO WRONGS (James MacAllister) On April 2011, University of
... occasions to dump on modern evolutionary biology. In this respect she may be worse for science than creationists, since her scientific credibility remains high.”1 It appears lost on Coyne that he and Richard Dawkins are also famous, are invited many places, and often use these occasions to ignore, t ...
... occasions to dump on modern evolutionary biology. In this respect she may be worse for science than creationists, since her scientific credibility remains high.”1 It appears lost on Coyne that he and Richard Dawkins are also famous, are invited many places, and often use these occasions to ignore, t ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Drivers of Geographic Variation in
... most important drivers of geographic variation of species diversity. A new synthesis is emerging that acknowledges the importance of historical factors such as evolution and biogeography as well as contemporary factors such as climatic and environmental variables in determining species’ geographic r ...
... most important drivers of geographic variation of species diversity. A new synthesis is emerging that acknowledges the importance of historical factors such as evolution and biogeography as well as contemporary factors such as climatic and environmental variables in determining species’ geographic r ...
Chapter 13 - Everglades High School
... Evolution by Natural Selection, continued • In 1844, Darwin finally wrote down his ideas about evolution and natural selection in an early outline that he showed to only a few scientists he knew and trusted. • Darwin decided to publish after he received a letter and essay in June 1858 from the young ...
... Evolution by Natural Selection, continued • In 1844, Darwin finally wrote down his ideas about evolution and natural selection in an early outline that he showed to only a few scientists he knew and trusted. • Darwin decided to publish after he received a letter and essay in June 1858 from the young ...
The polymorphic prelude to Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller
... hybrids when two nascent species mate, given that they recently shared a common ancestor in which individuals could freely interbreed? The Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller (BDM) model of reproductive incompatibilities [1–3] provides a simple and powerful explanation for the genetic basis of reproductive is ...
... hybrids when two nascent species mate, given that they recently shared a common ancestor in which individuals could freely interbreed? The Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller (BDM) model of reproductive incompatibilities [1–3] provides a simple and powerful explanation for the genetic basis of reproductive is ...
The Oscillation Hypothesis of Host
... actual host range, the range of plants that are actually oviposited on and used as hosts at a given time, with the potential host range, meaning the total number of plants that an insect is capable of using (or where there exists genetic variation for feeding within the population). This distinction ...
... actual host range, the range of plants that are actually oviposited on and used as hosts at a given time, with the potential host range, meaning the total number of plants that an insect is capable of using (or where there exists genetic variation for feeding within the population). This distinction ...
Using phylogeographic analyses of gene trees to test species status
... by direct contrasts of previously identified lineages or by overlaying reproductive and/or ecological data upon the gene tree and testing for significant transitions that are concordant with the previously identified lineages. Only when this second null hypothesis is rejected is a lineage elevated t ...
... by direct contrasts of previously identified lineages or by overlaying reproductive and/or ecological data upon the gene tree and testing for significant transitions that are concordant with the previously identified lineages. Only when this second null hypothesis is rejected is a lineage elevated t ...
Mu¨ llerian mimicry: an examination of Fisher`s theory of gradual
... towards each other to different extent. Consider first gradual evolution of two species, initially distinct in appearance. If both species are equally protected by their aposematic colouration, they might converge onto an intermediate appearance through a coevolutionary process. If unequally protect ...
... towards each other to different extent. Consider first gradual evolution of two species, initially distinct in appearance. If both species are equally protected by their aposematic colouration, they might converge onto an intermediate appearance through a coevolutionary process. If unequally protect ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating
... Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occurring fast enough to have a measurable impac ...
... Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occurring fast enough to have a measurable impac ...
What does Drosophila genetics tell us about speciation?
... evolution of mate choice reinforces other isolating mechanisms. Sibling species: species actually or nearly indistinguishable on the basis of morphology, but which nonetheless maintain distinct genotypic clusters in sympatry and between which strong reproductive barriers exist. Speciation gene: this ...
... evolution of mate choice reinforces other isolating mechanisms. Sibling species: species actually or nearly indistinguishable on the basis of morphology, but which nonetheless maintain distinct genotypic clusters in sympatry and between which strong reproductive barriers exist. Speciation gene: this ...
Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change
... imitation, i.e. other technology actors start to produce the specific new variant as well. Over time and after many cumulative changes within the market niche, a new sociotechnical regime emerges and eventually substitutes for the old one. Due to its gradual character, such a regime transformation i ...
... imitation, i.e. other technology actors start to produce the specific new variant as well. Over time and after many cumulative changes within the market niche, a new sociotechnical regime emerges and eventually substitutes for the old one. Due to its gradual character, such a regime transformation i ...
Natural Selection and Ecological Speciation in Sticklebacks
... a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence of other traits, or selection may directly favor the evolution of reproductive isolation. Ecological speciation is ad ...
... a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence of other traits, or selection may directly favor the evolution of reproductive isolation. Ecological speciation is ad ...
IV. PROKARYOTES – EUBACTERIA, cont
... closely related to, but not a part of, ingroup o Parsimony – Also known as Occam’s Razor; states that least complex explanation is most ...
... closely related to, but not a part of, ingroup o Parsimony – Also known as Occam’s Razor; states that least complex explanation is most ...
Species selection and driven mechanisms jointly generate a large
... entities to evolve by natural selection (Lewontin 1970). In principle, many hierarchical levels can satisfy these criteria, from selfish genetic elements up through populations of organisms to the species level and above. The key effect of natural selection is that it provides directional change in ...
... entities to evolve by natural selection (Lewontin 1970). In principle, many hierarchical levels can satisfy these criteria, from selfish genetic elements up through populations of organisms to the species level and above. The key effect of natural selection is that it provides directional change in ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.