... One of the main contributions made by Gaston Bachelard was the notion of an epistemological obstacle introduced in 1938 in The formation of the scientific mind, and defined by the author as “sluggishness and disturbances” that are intrinsic to the act of knowing. Bachelard contends that it is in ter ...
H. cydno - Proceedings of the Royal Society B
... wokinfo.com), nearly 300 articles addressing aspects of Heliconius biology have been published in the past five years. A major area of research has been ecological and genetic aspects of speciation, with some authors arguing that the genus exemplifies Darwin’s [6] notion that the species boundary is ...
... wokinfo.com), nearly 300 articles addressing aspects of Heliconius biology have been published in the past five years. A major area of research has been ecological and genetic aspects of speciation, with some authors arguing that the genus exemplifies Darwin’s [6] notion that the species boundary is ...
Evolution of Australian biota
... South America, New Zealand and Australia. About 100 mya, towards the end of the period when the dinosaurs were the most prominent terrestrial vertebrate fauna, this supercontinent began to break up. The Australian continent finally separated from Antarctica about 48–38 mya. As Australia continued to ...
... South America, New Zealand and Australia. About 100 mya, towards the end of the period when the dinosaurs were the most prominent terrestrial vertebrate fauna, this supercontinent began to break up. The Australian continent finally separated from Antarctica about 48–38 mya. As Australia continued to ...
- Wiley Online Library
... tion in territoriality and mate choice (Catchpole and Slater 1995; Kroodsma and Miller 1996). It is therefore often assumed that differences in song will evolve in sympatry to minimize hybridization and unnecessary territorial aggression (Miller 1982; Wallin 1985; Doutrelant et al. 2000). This view ...
... tion in territoriality and mate choice (Catchpole and Slater 1995; Kroodsma and Miller 1996). It is therefore often assumed that differences in song will evolve in sympatry to minimize hybridization and unnecessary territorial aggression (Miller 1982; Wallin 1985; Doutrelant et al. 2000). This view ...
Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology
... that, for example, curiosity, jealousy, and shame were not peculiarly human, but shared by other primates. He was especially interested in impressing upon the reader that language was not an impossible obstacle for evolution, again suggesting that “monkeys” exhibit language-like skills. Nevertheless ...
... that, for example, curiosity, jealousy, and shame were not peculiarly human, but shared by other primates. He was especially interested in impressing upon the reader that language was not an impossible obstacle for evolution, again suggesting that “monkeys” exhibit language-like skills. Nevertheless ...
Towards an Evolutionary Model of Animal-Associated
... variation as is evidenced by the numerous reference genomes generated for single species that display not just allelic differences, but differences in whole sets of genes [55]. In fact, analyses early in the genomics era found evidence of HGT affecting between 1.5 and 14.5% of all genes in complete ...
... variation as is evidenced by the numerous reference genomes generated for single species that display not just allelic differences, but differences in whole sets of genes [55]. In fact, analyses early in the genomics era found evidence of HGT affecting between 1.5 and 14.5% of all genes in complete ...
Adaptive divergence, genetic connectivity, and post
... and disparity in higher taxa). As such, an enhanced understanding of the mechanisms for speciation is essential to an enhanced understanding of biodiversity and how best to conserve it. ...
... and disparity in higher taxa). As such, an enhanced understanding of the mechanisms for speciation is essential to an enhanced understanding of biodiversity and how best to conserve it. ...
the fossil record of predator-prey arms races
... severe with time, and adaptations to those hazards have increased in expression. The hypothesis of escalation considers the most significant selective agent to be an organism’s enemies. However, adaptation need not be reciprocal (Fig. 1). Vermeij (1987) has argued that prey respond to their predator ...
... severe with time, and adaptations to those hazards have increased in expression. The hypothesis of escalation considers the most significant selective agent to be an organism’s enemies. However, adaptation need not be reciprocal (Fig. 1). Vermeij (1987) has argued that prey respond to their predator ...
(k(:i)logia Patterns of variation in life history among
... basedin its relative sizeand color using the following cateThe other site, Cano Volcan (8°59'15" Lat. N; gories:clear (1), translucent(2), opaque(3), small (1), medi69°53'30" Long. W), is a third order stream in the lowest um/small (2), medium (3), medium/large (4), and large (5). tier of the Andean ...
... basedin its relative sizeand color using the following cateThe other site, Cano Volcan (8°59'15" Lat. N; gories:clear (1), translucent(2), opaque(3), small (1), medi69°53'30" Long. W), is a third order stream in the lowest um/small (2), medium (3), medium/large (4), and large (5). tier of the Andean ...
Documents from
... Introduction The relative contribution of gradual and saltational change to evolution has been debated ever since Darwin (1859) emphasised gradualism in his theory of evolution by natural selection. The phenomenon of mimicry was an important example in this debate. In mimicry evolution, members of a ...
... Introduction The relative contribution of gradual and saltational change to evolution has been debated ever since Darwin (1859) emphasised gradualism in his theory of evolution by natural selection. The phenomenon of mimicry was an important example in this debate. In mimicry evolution, members of a ...
Sympatric speciation: when is it possible
... according to the Gause principle, the newly originating species cannot occupy the same niche (see McMurtrie, 1976). In addition, to make speciation possible i t is necessary that under the equilibrium genotype frequencies the fitness of the ‘marginal’ individuals be higher than that of intermediate ...
... according to the Gause principle, the newly originating species cannot occupy the same niche (see McMurtrie, 1976). In addition, to make speciation possible i t is necessary that under the equilibrium genotype frequencies the fitness of the ‘marginal’ individuals be higher than that of intermediate ...
Toward an integration of evolutionary biology and ecosystem science
... scientists (e.g. biochemists, physicists) rarely consider how commonly studied ecological processes, such as trophic cascades (Terborgh & Estes 2010), or evolutionary processes, such as phenotypic evolution (Ackerly 2003), influence ecosystem functions. We can achieve a greater integration between e ...
... scientists (e.g. biochemists, physicists) rarely consider how commonly studied ecological processes, such as trophic cascades (Terborgh & Estes 2010), or evolutionary processes, such as phenotypic evolution (Ackerly 2003), influence ecosystem functions. We can achieve a greater integration between e ...
evolution
... as descent with modification. As populations accumulate differences over time, and when a new species forms, it is different from its ancestors. A new species will retain many of the same characteristics of its ancestors, and resemble them. ...
... as descent with modification. As populations accumulate differences over time, and when a new species forms, it is different from its ancestors. A new species will retain many of the same characteristics of its ancestors, and resemble them. ...
Evolution, Science, and Society: Evolutionary Biology
... over the course of generations. Groups of organisms, termed populations and species, are formed by the division of ancestral populations or species, and the descendant groups then change independently. Hence, from a long-term perspective, evolution is the descent, with modification, of different lin ...
... over the course of generations. Groups of organisms, termed populations and species, are formed by the division of ancestral populations or species, and the descendant groups then change independently. Hence, from a long-term perspective, evolution is the descent, with modification, of different lin ...
The Evolutionary Emergence of Vertebrates From Among Their
... scenario, this ancestor must have been an amphioxus-like organism because segmented muscles and paired pharyngeal gill slits are characters general to deuterostomes, and a notochord is a character general to chordates (i.e., because they all share these characters, the most parsimonious interpretati ...
... scenario, this ancestor must have been an amphioxus-like organism because segmented muscles and paired pharyngeal gill slits are characters general to deuterostomes, and a notochord is a character general to chordates (i.e., because they all share these characters, the most parsimonious interpretati ...
Waterfalls drive parallel evolution in a freshwater goby
... population above the waterfall was independently evolved from BR. In contrast, cluster analysis of nine morphological characters, such as fin color and body pattern, showed that the morphology of YB individuals held a similarity beyond the genetic divergence, suggesting parallel evolution has occurr ...
... population above the waterfall was independently evolved from BR. In contrast, cluster analysis of nine morphological characters, such as fin color and body pattern, showed that the morphology of YB individuals held a similarity beyond the genetic divergence, suggesting parallel evolution has occurr ...
Reprint
... and therefore a constant that did not require consideration by evolutionary mechanics theories. It is now clear that there are many evolved aspects of organism inheritance mechanisms (genomic design) as well as many aspects of evolved organism phenotypic design (including animal behavioral traits) t ...
... and therefore a constant that did not require consideration by evolutionary mechanics theories. It is now clear that there are many evolved aspects of organism inheritance mechanisms (genomic design) as well as many aspects of evolved organism phenotypic design (including animal behavioral traits) t ...
The interplay of physical and biotic factors in
... Large-scale evolutionary patterns are shaped by the interplay of physical and biotic processes. We have a new appreciation of the role of physical constraints and perturbations in evolution, and the challenge is to evaluate the roles of physical, intrinsic biotic and extrinsic biotic factors in spec ...
... Large-scale evolutionary patterns are shaped by the interplay of physical and biotic processes. We have a new appreciation of the role of physical constraints and perturbations in evolution, and the challenge is to evaluate the roles of physical, intrinsic biotic and extrinsic biotic factors in spec ...
Special Feature
... by yet another species?’’ For evolutionary biologists, diversity is a product of gene–development–environment interactions that produce novel phenotypes, but the sine qua non is just the right sort of genetic variation. At the recent Annual Meeting of the ESA, Roughgarden (2002) characterized these ...
... by yet another species?’’ For evolutionary biologists, diversity is a product of gene–development–environment interactions that produce novel phenotypes, but the sine qua non is just the right sort of genetic variation. At the recent Annual Meeting of the ESA, Roughgarden (2002) characterized these ...
evolutionary theory and biodiversity
... • James Hutton (1726–1797) and charles lyell (1797–1875) studied the forces of wind, water, earthquakes, and volcanoes. They concluded that the Earth is very old and has changed slowly over time due to natural processes. • erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) suggested that competition between individuals cou ...
... • James Hutton (1726–1797) and charles lyell (1797–1875) studied the forces of wind, water, earthquakes, and volcanoes. They concluded that the Earth is very old and has changed slowly over time due to natural processes. • erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) suggested that competition between individuals cou ...
Experimental evolution - Evolutionary Biology | Universität Basel
... populations, with mean fitness in the selection environment being the response of interest [29,30]. In time, analyses expanded to examine parallelism from morphological [29] to genetic levels [40,41]; correlated responses, pleiotropy, and specialization [42–44]; the evolution of mutation rates [45,4 ...
... populations, with mean fitness in the selection environment being the response of interest [29,30]. In time, analyses expanded to examine parallelism from morphological [29] to genetic levels [40,41]; correlated responses, pleiotropy, and specialization [42–44]; the evolution of mutation rates [45,4 ...
pdf2
... populations, with mean fitness in the selection environment being the response of interest [29,30]. In time, analyses expanded to examine parallelism from morphological [29] to genetic levels [40,41]; correlated responses, pleiotropy, and specialization [42–44]; the evolution of mutation rates [45,4 ...
... populations, with mean fitness in the selection environment being the response of interest [29,30]. In time, analyses expanded to examine parallelism from morphological [29] to genetic levels [40,41]; correlated responses, pleiotropy, and specialization [42–44]; the evolution of mutation rates [45,4 ...
Secondary Activities
... experimental skills and investigations. KS3 relationships in an ecosystem. KS3 genetics and evolution. KS4 ecosystems SCI: KS3 scientific attitudes. KS3, KS4 experimental skills and investigations KS3 relationships in an ecosystem. KS3 genetics and evolution. KS4 ecosystems ...
... experimental skills and investigations. KS3 relationships in an ecosystem. KS3 genetics and evolution. KS4 ecosystems SCI: KS3 scientific attitudes. KS3, KS4 experimental skills and investigations KS3 relationships in an ecosystem. KS3 genetics and evolution. KS4 ecosystems ...
Two-phase extinction of “Southern Hemispheric” birds in the
... Pervasive as the “South American” pattern appears, the list of involved groups may not even be complete, as only published species with a substantial fossil record were considered. Not included, for example, are putative early Eocene Anhimidae (screamers) from Europe and North America, which have no ...
... Pervasive as the “South American” pattern appears, the list of involved groups may not even be complete, as only published species with a substantial fossil record were considered. Not included, for example, are putative early Eocene Anhimidae (screamers) from Europe and North America, which have no ...
Application Evolution: Part 0.2 Coevolution
... the costs and benefits of the interactions between the partners can be difficult to measure and they may depend on the environment the interactions may vary spatially and temporally a species may coevolve with another species over only part of its range and/or only part of the time complet ...
... the costs and benefits of the interactions between the partners can be difficult to measure and they may depend on the environment the interactions may vary spatially and temporally a species may coevolve with another species over only part of its range and/or only part of the time complet ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.