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On-line, On-board Evolution for Autonomous Robotics
... 13 Development is meant here in the engineering sense, the “making of” or “building of” controllers, rather than the biological, embryo-genetic sense as “creating it from an embryo”. We use the term development to hint at the iterative nature of this process. ...
... 13 Development is meant here in the engineering sense, the “making of” or “building of” controllers, rather than the biological, embryo-genetic sense as “creating it from an embryo”. We use the term development to hint at the iterative nature of this process. ...
Intergenerational Decision Making: An Evolutionary Perspective
... of intergenerational decision making, I contend, must be able to address concrete challenges of this scope. Discounted cost-benefit analysis, the dominant intergenerational decision-making model in use today, fails this challenge miserably, as does one of the most politically correct approaches to i ...
... of intergenerational decision making, I contend, must be able to address concrete challenges of this scope. Discounted cost-benefit analysis, the dominant intergenerational decision-making model in use today, fails this challenge miserably, as does one of the most politically correct approaches to i ...
continued
... Comparative anatomy gives evidence of descent with modification (continued) – Some anatomical similarities result from evolution in similar environments (continued) – Convergent evolution is a process in which natural selection causes non-homologous structures that serve similar functions to resem ...
... Comparative anatomy gives evidence of descent with modification (continued) – Some anatomical similarities result from evolution in similar environments (continued) – Convergent evolution is a process in which natural selection causes non-homologous structures that serve similar functions to resem ...
MUTATION THEORY - Textbook History
... track as they tried to compete with the tabloid press for attention from their funding sources, the Carnegies, etc. According to Edersby, because of its general popularity and play in the press, De Vries’ mutation theory, even after it became scientifically suspect, had a major influence on how biol ...
... track as they tried to compete with the tabloid press for attention from their funding sources, the Carnegies, etc. According to Edersby, because of its general popularity and play in the press, De Vries’ mutation theory, even after it became scientifically suspect, had a major influence on how biol ...
as a PDF
... the role of natural selection in different ecological environments leading to divergent designs in terms of form and function. Such accounts are indeed impressive and it is perhaps all too easy to infer that natural selection is all-powerful. However, different types of generative constraint could a ...
... the role of natural selection in different ecological environments leading to divergent designs in terms of form and function. Such accounts are indeed impressive and it is perhaps all too easy to infer that natural selection is all-powerful. However, different types of generative constraint could a ...
Rapid evolution and the convergence of ecological and evolutionary
... Kinnison (1999), and Hoekstra et al. (2001) all concluded that rates studied over short periods only seem rapid because (among other reasons) average rates over longer periods include not only short bursts of rapid directional evolution but also reversals and periods of stasis. There is, however, a ...
... Kinnison (1999), and Hoekstra et al. (2001) all concluded that rates studied over short periods only seem rapid because (among other reasons) average rates over longer periods include not only short bursts of rapid directional evolution but also reversals and periods of stasis. There is, however, a ...
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities
... unchanging ecological niches, those models nevertheless produced powerful results that prompted new insights and generated new hypotheses (e.g. Rosenzweig, 1971; Oksanen et al., 1981; Oksanen and Oksanen, 2000). Since then, researchers have strived to achieve a more realistic amount of complexity in ...
... unchanging ecological niches, those models nevertheless produced powerful results that prompted new insights and generated new hypotheses (e.g. Rosenzweig, 1971; Oksanen et al., 1981; Oksanen and Oksanen, 2000). Since then, researchers have strived to achieve a more realistic amount of complexity in ...
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
... Regents Biologygreen fish but same variation in alleles. ...
... Regents Biologygreen fish but same variation in alleles. ...
PDF - David J. Harris
... with HIREC, then the species should be able to persist in the short term. If evolutionary history has also produced traits or conditions that facilitate a rapid evolutionary response (e.g. short generation times, suitable genetic variation in key traits; see Hendry et al. 2011), then the species can ...
... with HIREC, then the species should be able to persist in the short term. If evolutionary history has also produced traits or conditions that facilitate a rapid evolutionary response (e.g. short generation times, suitable genetic variation in key traits; see Hendry et al. 2011), then the species can ...
Cambrian Explosion of Life: the Big Bang in Metazoan Evolution
... the Cambrian phyla dating from 1.2 Ga ago, nearly 700 Ma before the Cambrian explosion! Wray et al suggest that the metazoan phyla diverged from a common ancestor 1.2 Ga ago and underwent a cryptic evolution until the Cambrian explosion. The absence of missing ancestors is then accounted using the a ...
... the Cambrian phyla dating from 1.2 Ga ago, nearly 700 Ma before the Cambrian explosion! Wray et al suggest that the metazoan phyla diverged from a common ancestor 1.2 Ga ago and underwent a cryptic evolution until the Cambrian explosion. The absence of missing ancestors is then accounted using the a ...
12. Evolutionary Theory
... Science, like evolution, builds on the past. Darwin’s theory was a product not only of his own intellect, but also of the times in which he lived and the ideas of earlier great thinkers. Some of these ideas colored Darwin’s perspective during his five years on the Beagle; many contributed to his thi ...
... Science, like evolution, builds on the past. Darwin’s theory was a product not only of his own intellect, but also of the times in which he lived and the ideas of earlier great thinkers. Some of these ideas colored Darwin’s perspective during his five years on the Beagle; many contributed to his thi ...
Evolution Test Study Guide
... still do not have a complete understanding required for application I recognize the evidence that supports evolution but still do not have a complete understanding required for application I recognize that there is a difference between homologous and ...
... still do not have a complete understanding required for application I recognize the evidence that supports evolution but still do not have a complete understanding required for application I recognize that there is a difference between homologous and ...
The actuality of Lamarck: towards the
... A bewildering array of “replicators,” besides the DNA genes, and a variety of alternative hereditary pathways have been found. In addition to more classical cases of cytoplasmatic inheritance and maternal imprinting, there are plasmids, transposons, retroviruses, prions and other regulatory proteins ...
... A bewildering array of “replicators,” besides the DNA genes, and a variety of alternative hereditary pathways have been found. In addition to more classical cases of cytoplasmatic inheritance and maternal imprinting, there are plasmids, transposons, retroviruses, prions and other regulatory proteins ...
A crucial step toward realism: responses to climate
... by changes in species composition and by genetic adaptation. Regional immigration of species or genes can facilitate the match between local environment and traits (species sorting and genotype sorting, respectively). Both local ecological and evolutionary responses also can interact. If local adapt ...
... by changes in species composition and by genetic adaptation. Regional immigration of species or genes can facilitate the match between local environment and traits (species sorting and genotype sorting, respectively). Both local ecological and evolutionary responses also can interact. If local adapt ...
- Wiley Online Library
... by changes in species composition and by genetic adaptation. Regional immigration of species or genes can facilitate the match between local environment and traits (species sorting and genotype sorting, respectively). Both local ecological and evolutionary responses also can interact. If local adapt ...
... by changes in species composition and by genetic adaptation. Regional immigration of species or genes can facilitate the match between local environment and traits (species sorting and genotype sorting, respectively). Both local ecological and evolutionary responses also can interact. If local adapt ...
What Is Speciation? - Harvard University
... bacterial metabolic networks [19,20]. However, the cumulative impact of HGT on the tree of life is much greater than imagined by Woese. The tree of life has been criticized as “the tree of one percent” [21] because only about 1% of genes support this tree [22]. While HGT has not obscured all traces ...
... bacterial metabolic networks [19,20]. However, the cumulative impact of HGT on the tree of life is much greater than imagined by Woese. The tree of life has been criticized as “the tree of one percent” [21] because only about 1% of genes support this tree [22]. While HGT has not obscured all traces ...
Seicercus and Phylloscopus the Old World leaf warblers ( The roles
... of the order of millions of years. Sympatric, ecologically differentiated, species, are often even older. This raises the question of whether build-up of sympatric diversity generally follows a slow process of divergence in allopatry, initially without much ecological change. I review patterns of sp ...
... of the order of millions of years. Sympatric, ecologically differentiated, species, are often even older. This raises the question of whether build-up of sympatric diversity generally follows a slow process of divergence in allopatry, initially without much ecological change. I review patterns of sp ...
Supplementary information Key groups of fishes There are several
... attention from researchers, including accessibility, viability in a laboratory setting, short generation time, size, degree of phenotypic variation, or simply the interesting questions that can be addressed with the specific group. To investigate the role of biomechanics in speciation, we focus on s ...
... attention from researchers, including accessibility, viability in a laboratory setting, short generation time, size, degree of phenotypic variation, or simply the interesting questions that can be addressed with the specific group. To investigate the role of biomechanics in speciation, we focus on s ...
Molecular evolution and the latitudinal
... compared with temperate regions have also been observed in some endotherms (for example, mammals; Gillman et al., 2009), which was not predicted by the original metabolic hypothesis (Storch, 2003; Gillman et al., 2009). Metabolic rates in endotherms are closely linked to body size, with larger bodie ...
... compared with temperate regions have also been observed in some endotherms (for example, mammals; Gillman et al., 2009), which was not predicted by the original metabolic hypothesis (Storch, 2003; Gillman et al., 2009). Metabolic rates in endotherms are closely linked to body size, with larger bodie ...
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities
... unchanging ecological niches, those models nevertheless produced powerful results that prompted new insights and generated new hypotheses (e.g. Rosenzweig, 1971; Oksanen et al., 1981; Oksanen and Oksanen, 2000). Since then, researchers have strived to achieve a more realistic amount of complexity in ...
... unchanging ecological niches, those models nevertheless produced powerful results that prompted new insights and generated new hypotheses (e.g. Rosenzweig, 1971; Oksanen et al., 1981; Oksanen and Oksanen, 2000). Since then, researchers have strived to achieve a more realistic amount of complexity in ...
Experimental evolution of protozoan traits in response to
... All cultures were maintained in a growth chamber with a diurnal cycle (12 ⁄ 12) of light and temperature (day = 30 C, night = 20 C). At the end of the selection experiment, approximately 300 Colpoda were isolated and removed from replicates in both monoculture and competition treatments and placed ...
... All cultures were maintained in a growth chamber with a diurnal cycle (12 ⁄ 12) of light and temperature (day = 30 C, night = 20 C). At the end of the selection experiment, approximately 300 Colpoda were isolated and removed from replicates in both monoculture and competition treatments and placed ...
Vacant niches in nature, ecology, and evolutionary theory: a mini
... soon as organisms adapt to altered conditions, new changes take place and this process goes on incessantly. Disturbances, uncertainty and suboptimal states are more likely to be the rule than the exception. Factors that are difficult to predict affect ecological communities much more than customarily t ...
... soon as organisms adapt to altered conditions, new changes take place and this process goes on incessantly. Disturbances, uncertainty and suboptimal states are more likely to be the rule than the exception. Factors that are difficult to predict affect ecological communities much more than customarily t ...
Schluter TREE 2001
... CONCEPT was developed. Dobzhansky1 believed that ‘SPECIATION in Drosophila proceeds mainly through evolving physiological complexes which are successful each in its environment’. Mayr2 recognized that many of the accumulated genetic differences between populations ‘particularly those affecting physi ...
... CONCEPT was developed. Dobzhansky1 believed that ‘SPECIATION in Drosophila proceeds mainly through evolving physiological complexes which are successful each in its environment’. Mayr2 recognized that many of the accumulated genetic differences between populations ‘particularly those affecting physi ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.