European Economic Integration in Econometric Modeling –
... rules of global markets. Each country has, in principle, the sovereignty of deciding to what extent it participates in such bilateral or multilateral rules. It may take measures to unilaterally reduce the transaction costs of international trade or factor flows to a greater extent than other countri ...
... rules of global markets. Each country has, in principle, the sovereignty of deciding to what extent it participates in such bilateral or multilateral rules. It may take measures to unilaterally reduce the transaction costs of international trade or factor flows to a greater extent than other countri ...
Grenada Country Profile - Barbados Private Sector Trade Team
... Grenada relies on tourism as its main source of foreign exchange, especially since the construction of an international airport in 1985. In 2009 the economy contracted by 7.7 %, compared to real growth of 2.2 % in 2008. Currency Grenada utilizes the East Caribbean dollar (sign: $; code: XCD). It is ...
... Grenada relies on tourism as its main source of foreign exchange, especially since the construction of an international airport in 1985. In 2009 the economy contracted by 7.7 %, compared to real growth of 2.2 % in 2008. Currency Grenada utilizes the East Caribbean dollar (sign: $; code: XCD). It is ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES AND INTEGRATION IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
... many other not-so-simple twists and turns of fate. But economists like parsimony. We want to know how well these simple stories do, not only on their own or collectively, but more importantly, vis-à-vis each other. How much of the astounding variation in cross-national incomes around the world can g ...
... many other not-so-simple twists and turns of fate. But economists like parsimony. We want to know how well these simple stories do, not only on their own or collectively, but more importantly, vis-à-vis each other. How much of the astounding variation in cross-national incomes around the world can g ...
Who Gains and Who Loses from the Exchange Rate System in
... maximum social benefit would derive from removal of the full range of distortions. The study concludes full retention of foreign exchange by exporters in the absence of other distortions would provide social benefits equivalent to 8 percent of GDP in 1988. Rosenberg and De Zeeuw (2001) looks at welf ...
... maximum social benefit would derive from removal of the full range of distortions. The study concludes full retention of foreign exchange by exporters in the absence of other distortions would provide social benefits equivalent to 8 percent of GDP in 1988. Rosenberg and De Zeeuw (2001) looks at welf ...
LCcarL173_en.pdf
... positions. The conclusion is similar when comparing fiscal balances between 2007 and 2006, but the countries change. Within the seven MDCs, Barbados, Belize, Guyana and Jamaica recorded persistent fiscal deficits. On the contrary, Trinidad and Tobago shows recurrent fiscal surpluses, whereas Surinam ...
... positions. The conclusion is similar when comparing fiscal balances between 2007 and 2006, but the countries change. Within the seven MDCs, Barbados, Belize, Guyana and Jamaica recorded persistent fiscal deficits. On the contrary, Trinidad and Tobago shows recurrent fiscal surpluses, whereas Surinam ...
IMF Working Paper 04/108: The End of Textile Quotas: A Case Study
... Lead times are much shorter because of the greater availability of local inputs. The manufacturing units are small and face less trade union activity. ...
... Lead times are much shorter because of the greater availability of local inputs. The manufacturing units are small and face less trade union activity. ...
generations
... For a given discount rate, higher productivity growth increases the absolute amounts of net tax payments of both existing and future generations. ...
... For a given discount rate, higher productivity growth increases the absolute amounts of net tax payments of both existing and future generations. ...
state of trade 2012 - Ciuriak Consulting
... be high. Nova Scotia is ideally placed to take advantage of the opportunities created by technological revolutions that have enabled the production of goods drawing on goods and services inputs from around the world: we are positioned close to large North American markets, and we provide an early po ...
... be high. Nova Scotia is ideally placed to take advantage of the opportunities created by technological revolutions that have enabled the production of goods drawing on goods and services inputs from around the world: we are positioned close to large North American markets, and we provide an early po ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
... have proliferated over the last four decades. While already widely used in Asia and Latin America in the 1970s, over the last two decades they have become increasingly common in Africa and in transition economies. More recently, several large emerging markets such as China, India and Russia have ado ...
... have proliferated over the last four decades. While already widely used in Asia and Latin America in the 1970s, over the last two decades they have become increasingly common in Africa and in transition economies. More recently, several large emerging markets such as China, India and Russia have ado ...
Fluctuations in Emerging Economies: Regional and Global Factors
... and Chile have been allocated to Latin America from the OECD group, while Turkey and Israel were consolidated into the Middle-East & North Africa region. As regional groups exhibit various degrees of heterogeneity, so should the OECD sub-sample; there are significant differences within a given group ...
... and Chile have been allocated to Latin America from the OECD group, while Turkey and Israel were consolidated into the Middle-East & North Africa region. As regional groups exhibit various degrees of heterogeneity, so should the OECD sub-sample; there are significant differences within a given group ...
Government report - World Trade Organization
... The cancellation of debt meant that resources that would have gone towards repayment of foreign debt were no longer paid to external creditors but instead channelled to poverty reduction initiatives. This fiscal achievement freed up resources and created fiscal space for the Government to introduce ...
... The cancellation of debt meant that resources that would have gone towards repayment of foreign debt were no longer paid to external creditors but instead channelled to poverty reduction initiatives. This fiscal achievement freed up resources and created fiscal space for the Government to introduce ...
Bobick, Talya - IR Honors Thesis, Final - NYU politics
... observing the onset of disputes in the WTO, which, by definition, is a deterioration of trading and lack of bilateral cooperation, this section of their research is particularly applicable. First, they discuss the coalition sizes with respect to international ...
... observing the onset of disputes in the WTO, which, by definition, is a deterioration of trading and lack of bilateral cooperation, this section of their research is particularly applicable. First, they discuss the coalition sizes with respect to international ...
LECTURE 10
... •subsidiaries of foreign MNEs may have greater economic power than indigenous competitors because they may be part of a larger international organization ...
... •subsidiaries of foreign MNEs may have greater economic power than indigenous competitors because they may be part of a larger international organization ...
Fiscal Cyclicality and EMU* Agustin S. Benetrix, IIIS, Trinity College Dublin
... in 2002, these authors were unable to differentiate between the impact of the Maastricht Treaty and EMU membership. Fatás and Mihov (2010) report country-by-country estimates of the impact of EMU on the cyclical behaviour of fiscal policy for each member of the euro area in the 1970-2007 period. I ...
... in 2002, these authors were unable to differentiate between the impact of the Maastricht Treaty and EMU membership. Fatás and Mihov (2010) report country-by-country estimates of the impact of EMU on the cyclical behaviour of fiscal policy for each member of the euro area in the 1970-2007 period. I ...
de-fragmenting africa
... The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acce ...
... The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acce ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ESTIMATING REAL PRODUCTION AND EXPENDITURES ACROSS NATIONS:
... national accounts, this is in part because the net foreign balance was treated in an ad hoc fashion. In benchmark comparisons the practice in Eurostat and the OECD has been to value the net foreign balance at exchange rates. Unfortunately, use of the exchange rate of one country, a practice in the E ...
... national accounts, this is in part because the net foreign balance was treated in an ad hoc fashion. In benchmark comparisons the practice in Eurostat and the OECD has been to value the net foreign balance at exchange rates. Unfortunately, use of the exchange rate of one country, a practice in the E ...
On the determinants of firms` financial surpluses and deficits
... measure economic phenomena. The activity of multinational enterprises (MNEs) is difficult to capture both for national statisticians and policy considerations (UNECE, 2011). For instance prices for goods and services exchanged between group entities differ from market prices, introducing distortions ...
... measure economic phenomena. The activity of multinational enterprises (MNEs) is difficult to capture both for national statisticians and policy considerations (UNECE, 2011). For instance prices for goods and services exchanged between group entities differ from market prices, introducing distortions ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: International Aspects of Fiscal Policies
... the cross-sectional correlation between national savings and investment rates may be a statistical artifact that does not call into question the international mobility of capital. Resolving the issue requires that some interpretation of the close cross-sectional linkages between national savings and ...
... the cross-sectional correlation between national savings and investment rates may be a statistical artifact that does not call into question the international mobility of capital. Resolving the issue requires that some interpretation of the close cross-sectional linkages between national savings and ...
FDI in the post-EU accession Baltic Sea Region: A global or a
... short-term institutional changes in the world trade environment such as exchange rates, war, trade conflicts and trade partners’ domestic political factors, as compared to FDI, which tends to be a more medium- or long-term commitment. Then what are the determinants of FDI? This question can be consi ...
... short-term institutional changes in the world trade environment such as exchange rates, war, trade conflicts and trade partners’ domestic political factors, as compared to FDI, which tends to be a more medium- or long-term commitment. Then what are the determinants of FDI? This question can be consi ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WEALTH TRANSFERS, CONTAGION, AND PORTFOLIO CONSTRAINTS Anna Pavlova
... common worldwide discount factor for cash flows (common state prices).2 Provided that financial markets are frictionless, stock prices of all firms in the world have to be equal to their expected cash flows, discounted with the same state prices. Innovations to these state prices then have to affect stoc ...
... common worldwide discount factor for cash flows (common state prices).2 Provided that financial markets are frictionless, stock prices of all firms in the world have to be equal to their expected cash flows, discounted with the same state prices. Innovations to these state prices then have to affect stoc ...
export dependence and export concentration
... vulnerable [because of strategic import-dependence] than other groups of countries” (Briguglio 2009). For economies highly dependent on exports, the volatility in both export earnings and economic growth associated with economic shocks makes them extremely vulnerable. Given that exports constitute a ...
... vulnerable [because of strategic import-dependence] than other groups of countries” (Briguglio 2009). For economies highly dependent on exports, the volatility in both export earnings and economic growth associated with economic shocks makes them extremely vulnerable. Given that exports constitute a ...
Turkey_Papers_1_TTIP - Woodrow Wilson International Center for
... involved, including those in Turkey’s increasingly fragile neighborhood. Although addressing these concerns will depend heavily on what, if any, action the EU and the U.S. take, there is also much that Turkey must do. TTIP and its significance There are a number of factors that imbue TTIP with signi ...
... involved, including those in Turkey’s increasingly fragile neighborhood. Although addressing these concerns will depend heavily on what, if any, action the EU and the U.S. take, there is also much that Turkey must do. TTIP and its significance There are a number of factors that imbue TTIP with signi ...
Balance of trade
The commercial balance or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period, measured in the currency of that economy. It is the relationship between a nation's imports and exports. A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported; a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap. The balance of trade is sometimes divided into a goods and a services balance.