Exports and Economic Growth: The Case of Ghana
... and indirect. The direct effects include increased foreign exchange earnings, factor productivity and increased employment in labour-surplus economies, whereas the indirect contributions include, efficient resource allocation, greater utilization of economies of scale, and technological improvements ...
... and indirect. The direct effects include increased foreign exchange earnings, factor productivity and increased employment in labour-surplus economies, whereas the indirect contributions include, efficient resource allocation, greater utilization of economies of scale, and technological improvements ...
Document
... • Location advantage: the FDI destination local market must offer factors (land, capital, know-how, cost/quality of labor, economies of scale) such that it is advantageous for the firm to locate its investment there (link to trade theory) • Internalization advantage: transaction costs of an armsleng ...
... • Location advantage: the FDI destination local market must offer factors (land, capital, know-how, cost/quality of labor, economies of scale) such that it is advantageous for the firm to locate its investment there (link to trade theory) • Internalization advantage: transaction costs of an armsleng ...
APEC in Charts 2015
... Stock markets in APEC economies experienced more volatility in 2015 compared with 2014. In 2015, the average coefficient of variation—which measures an index’s standard deviation relative to the mean—for APEC stock markets reached 6.1% from 5.1% in 2014. Moreover, stock market performance has diverg ...
... Stock markets in APEC economies experienced more volatility in 2015 compared with 2014. In 2015, the average coefficient of variation—which measures an index’s standard deviation relative to the mean—for APEC stock markets reached 6.1% from 5.1% in 2014. Moreover, stock market performance has diverg ...
1 introductory remarks by the chairperson
... challenge, particularly in the face of costly public works projects and the absence of monetary policy instruments. It was also interesting to know what steps were being considered to distribute more broadly the benefits of economic growth and reduce social inequalities. ...
... challenge, particularly in the face of costly public works projects and the absence of monetary policy instruments. It was also interesting to know what steps were being considered to distribute more broadly the benefits of economic growth and reduce social inequalities. ...
(Textbook) Behavior in Organizations, 8ed (AB Shani)
... Direct Investment Firms in the same industry often undertake foreign direct investment around the same time and tend to direct their investment activities towards certain locations Knickerbocker looked at the relationship between FDI and rivalry in oligopolistic industries (industries composed of ...
... Direct Investment Firms in the same industry often undertake foreign direct investment around the same time and tend to direct their investment activities towards certain locations Knickerbocker looked at the relationship between FDI and rivalry in oligopolistic industries (industries composed of ...
Capital Imports Composition, Complementarities, and the Skill
... best knowledge, we are the …rst to empirically document that some types of capital are more complementary to unskilled workers. Acemoglu (2002) suggests an explanation for why this is the case: An increase in the supply of skilled labor in industrial economies, which occurred during the same period ...
... best knowledge, we are the …rst to empirically document that some types of capital are more complementary to unskilled workers. Acemoglu (2002) suggests an explanation for why this is the case: An increase in the supply of skilled labor in industrial economies, which occurred during the same period ...
296
... from losing business to other states, shield businesses from competition, rescue failing firms, attract outside firms or start up new businesses” (Buss 2001: 91). Most of these studies emphasize the political incentives for policymakers to offer subsidies. For elected officials, “political payoffs [ ...
... from losing business to other states, shield businesses from competition, rescue failing firms, attract outside firms or start up new businesses” (Buss 2001: 91). Most of these studies emphasize the political incentives for policymakers to offer subsidies. For elected officials, “political payoffs [ ...
Chapter 5 D : M
... Three key fiscal parameters - revenue, fiscal and primary deficits measured relative to GDPindicate the extent of overall fiscal imbalances in the Finances of the Union or State Government during a specified period. The fiscal and revenue deficits relative to GDP as per Union Finance Accounts for 20 ...
... Three key fiscal parameters - revenue, fiscal and primary deficits measured relative to GDPindicate the extent of overall fiscal imbalances in the Finances of the Union or State Government during a specified period. The fiscal and revenue deficits relative to GDP as per Union Finance Accounts for 20 ...
Fiscal policy and private saving in Australia
... This thesis seeks to make an original contribution to the literature by first considering a large sample, both in the number of observations (188), and across almost 50 years from 1959-2006. Second, a great deal of attention is given to structural change in the Australian economy over this time – so ...
... This thesis seeks to make an original contribution to the literature by first considering a large sample, both in the number of observations (188), and across almost 50 years from 1959-2006. Second, a great deal of attention is given to structural change in the Australian economy over this time – so ...
Determinants of FDI in Transition Economies: The Case of CIS
... developed by Kojima (1979), states that FDI originates from the comparatively disadvantaged industries of the home country, which are potentially comparatively advantaged industries for the host country, depending on the different stages of economic development in home and host countries. In other w ...
... developed by Kojima (1979), states that FDI originates from the comparatively disadvantaged industries of the home country, which are potentially comparatively advantaged industries for the host country, depending on the different stages of economic development in home and host countries. In other w ...
... The region has undergone notable economic transformation resulting from sustained high rates of economic growth for many years. A rising share of manufacturing output in gross domestic product and rapid urbanization are but two manifestations of the transformation, which has not, however, been accom ...
Debt sustainability: how to assess whether a country is insolvent
... terms of the long-run growth capacity of a country (debt overhang). In these cases debt reduction/relief/writedown may be appropriate. Thus, both “gaps” and debt ratios need to be used in assessing debt sustainability. There is some debate on which debt ratio (relative to GDP, exports, government re ...
... terms of the long-run growth capacity of a country (debt overhang). In these cases debt reduction/relief/writedown may be appropriate. Thus, both “gaps” and debt ratios need to be used in assessing debt sustainability. There is some debate on which debt ratio (relative to GDP, exports, government re ...
foreign reserves and international adjustments under the bretton
... writers, and did not indeed play any prominent roles in either academic policy analyses of the problem until the Second World War. […] The main function of reserves is no longer to preserve the overall liquidity of individual central banks, but to permit the financing of short-run deficits in the co ...
... writers, and did not indeed play any prominent roles in either academic policy analyses of the problem until the Second World War. […] The main function of reserves is no longer to preserve the overall liquidity of individual central banks, but to permit the financing of short-run deficits in the co ...
Part 3 FDIs
... The optimal method for a firm to penetrate a foreign market is partially dependent on the characteristics of the market. For example, if the consumers are used to buying domestic products, then licensing arrangements or joint ventures may be more appropriate. Before investing in a foreign country, ...
... The optimal method for a firm to penetrate a foreign market is partially dependent on the characteristics of the market. For example, if the consumers are used to buying domestic products, then licensing arrangements or joint ventures may be more appropriate. Before investing in a foreign country, ...
A.P. Microeconomics - Vesper Unit 1 Exam Multiple Choice Identify
... a. the influence of the invisible hand. b. trade. c. externalities. d. market power. ____ 16. A market economy rewards people according to their a. need for goods and services. b. willingness to work. c. ability to produce things that other people are willing to pay for. d. ability to produce things ...
... a. the influence of the invisible hand. b. trade. c. externalities. d. market power. ____ 16. A market economy rewards people according to their a. need for goods and services. b. willingness to work. c. ability to produce things that other people are willing to pay for. d. ability to produce things ...
The Impact of Regional and Sectoral Productivity Changes on the U.S. Economy,
... speci…c productivity increase in a tradable industry. To study a regional shock that a¤ects all sectors, we study the increases in productivity across industries in North Dakota associated with the shale oil boom. We also study the disruptions in the Finance and Real State industries in New York du ...
... speci…c productivity increase in a tradable industry. To study a regional shock that a¤ects all sectors, we study the increases in productivity across industries in North Dakota associated with the shale oil boom. We also study the disruptions in the Finance and Real State industries in New York du ...
Current Account Reversals: Always a Problem?
... at the beginning of our long historical period. Thus, our analysis of current account reversals should be thought of as characterizing their incidence and consequences in middle- and high-income countries (also referred to in the literature as emerging and advanced markets) but not also in the poore ...
... at the beginning of our long historical period. Thus, our analysis of current account reversals should be thought of as characterizing their incidence and consequences in middle- and high-income countries (also referred to in the literature as emerging and advanced markets) but not also in the poore ...
The Law of Diminishing Elasticity of Demand in - Gredeg
... for prime factors. Second, because of growing capital stock, the Law of Diminishing Returns has a slight effect, particularly when output is low. 6 Harrod conceded that the only tendency towards diminishing returns, accounting for some part of the changes in prices, might result from the employment ...
... for prime factors. Second, because of growing capital stock, the Law of Diminishing Returns has a slight effect, particularly when output is low. 6 Harrod conceded that the only tendency towards diminishing returns, accounting for some part of the changes in prices, might result from the employment ...
Working Paper No. 579, 2002 Vertical FDI Revisited
... paper namely; (a) replacing factor endowment data with previously unused relative wage costs, (b) pooling US and Swedish outward FDI data and (c) systematically investigating different components of affiliate activities. The use of relative factor costs rather than factor endowments has an obvious adva ...
... paper namely; (a) replacing factor endowment data with previously unused relative wage costs, (b) pooling US and Swedish outward FDI data and (c) systematically investigating different components of affiliate activities. The use of relative factor costs rather than factor endowments has an obvious adva ...
the main cash crop
... Intermediate consumption also appears quite limited at the trafficker level.4 In 2002-04 about 72% of Afghanistan's opium production is estimated to have been transformed into heroin in Afghanistan before being exported. The transformation process requires substantial amounts of chemicals (such as a ...
... Intermediate consumption also appears quite limited at the trafficker level.4 In 2002-04 about 72% of Afghanistan's opium production is estimated to have been transformed into heroin in Afghanistan before being exported. The transformation process requires substantial amounts of chemicals (such as a ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Michael B. Devereux
... driven by portfolio effects, rather than trade balance effects. In addition, we find that the correlation between vai and ta is negative now for most countries. Finally, constructed in this way, vai is transitory - the AR(1) coefficient is again insignificant for most countries. In the model below, the ...
... driven by portfolio effects, rather than trade balance effects. In addition, we find that the correlation between vai and ta is negative now for most countries. Finally, constructed in this way, vai is transitory - the AR(1) coefficient is again insignificant for most countries. In the model below, the ...
Balance of trade
The commercial balance or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period, measured in the currency of that economy. It is the relationship between a nation's imports and exports. A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported; a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap. The balance of trade is sometimes divided into a goods and a services balance.