deficit spending and stabilization behaviour in austria
... (approximately the period of SPÖ-led coalition governments) it was the unemployment rate condition which, in retrospect, makes discretionary budget reactions appear more reasonable. Hence one may conclude that the motives of short-run budgetary policy changed between the terms of office of the conse ...
... (approximately the period of SPÖ-led coalition governments) it was the unemployment rate condition which, in retrospect, makes discretionary budget reactions appear more reasonable. Hence one may conclude that the motives of short-run budgetary policy changed between the terms of office of the conse ...
Sample
... change, so do the prices of exports and imports. Countries whose exchange rates are depreciating will find their exports becoming more price competitive and their imports relatively more expensive. If a seller of products or services expects payment for exports in any denomination other than their h ...
... change, so do the prices of exports and imports. Countries whose exchange rates are depreciating will find their exports becoming more price competitive and their imports relatively more expensive. If a seller of products or services expects payment for exports in any denomination other than their h ...
The Small Open-Economy New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Empirical
... the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. We include France, Germany and the UK even if they are not small countries since they are fairly open and interdependent in terms of consumption habits, whereas we do not consider the US and Japan which have a much lower import shar ...
... the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. We include France, Germany and the UK even if they are not small countries since they are fairly open and interdependent in terms of consumption habits, whereas we do not consider the US and Japan which have a much lower import shar ...
View/Open
... for Latvia. But even then we must admit that the question of comparative advantage remained disputable in relation to such products as cement or minibuses (also appearing in Table 1). Construction materials have never become major export item for Latvia. As concerns transport machine-building, it va ...
... for Latvia. But even then we must admit that the question of comparative advantage remained disputable in relation to such products as cement or minibuses (also appearing in Table 1). Construction materials have never become major export item for Latvia. As concerns transport machine-building, it va ...
Inland Empire International Trade Forecasts
... Exports have the potential to become an important driver of economic growth both nationally and regionally. While the U.S. is the world's third largest exporter (behind China and Germany), its global export shares have declined from a post-war high of 22% to 8.2% in 2009. Despite a three-decade shif ...
... Exports have the potential to become an important driver of economic growth both nationally and regionally. While the U.S. is the world's third largest exporter (behind China and Germany), its global export shares have declined from a post-war high of 22% to 8.2% in 2009. Despite a three-decade shif ...
Tariff Escalation and the Developing Countries: How Can Market
... to developed country markets. A key area of these negotiations will relate to agriculture with the focus being increasing market access through reducing high levels of tariffs and promoting market access through the expansion of tariff rate quotas. Other aspects of negotiations on agriculture of int ...
... to developed country markets. A key area of these negotiations will relate to agriculture with the focus being increasing market access through reducing high levels of tariffs and promoting market access through the expansion of tariff rate quotas. Other aspects of negotiations on agriculture of int ...
Analysis of trade flows between SICA and the rest of Latin
... macroeconomic variables. However, the overall financial fiscal deficit has increased since 2007, and the gap between investment and savings has been significant during the period under analysis. The latter element is reflected in a marked deficit in the current account in relation to GDP. The other ...
... macroeconomic variables. However, the overall financial fiscal deficit has increased since 2007, and the gap between investment and savings has been significant during the period under analysis. The latter element is reflected in a marked deficit in the current account in relation to GDP. The other ...
PDF
... non-zero correlation with regressors, zero correlation with error term, and no direct effect on the dependent variable. Importt is total annual import trade value in goods and services of the U.S. Productiont-1 is the lagged total annual volume swine meat production of the U.S. The seven swine meat ...
... non-zero correlation with regressors, zero correlation with error term, and no direct effect on the dependent variable. Importt is total annual import trade value in goods and services of the U.S. Productiont-1 is the lagged total annual volume swine meat production of the U.S. The seven swine meat ...
240f10_SAMs.pdf
... Foreigners are therefore “saving” in our country the sum of firm savings, households saving, government savings and foreign savings is equal to investment The government deficit is the negative of government savings When firms operate they have some payments that are contractual, intermediates, wage ...
... Foreigners are therefore “saving” in our country the sum of firm savings, households saving, government savings and foreign savings is equal to investment The government deficit is the negative of government savings When firms operate they have some payments that are contractual, intermediates, wage ...
Dynamics between government debt and budget deficits in the
... (1995), using historical data that goes back to 1700s, find strong evidence favoring the sustainability of the fiscal policy in the United States and some support for the sustainability of the United Kingdom. Arestis, Cipollini and Fattouh (2004) find that large budget deficits in the United States ...
... (1995), using historical data that goes back to 1700s, find strong evidence favoring the sustainability of the fiscal policy in the United States and some support for the sustainability of the United Kingdom. Arestis, Cipollini and Fattouh (2004) find that large budget deficits in the United States ...
Reform of APEC - The Australian APEC Study Centre
... The true value of APEC on trade liberalization has been the political value of the Bogor goals in guiding domestic policy of APEC members. Refocusing APEC’s core economic missions APEC has remained relevant and vital despite efforts by trade officials to contend it has been more influential in globa ...
... The true value of APEC on trade liberalization has been the political value of the Bogor goals in guiding domestic policy of APEC members. Refocusing APEC’s core economic missions APEC has remained relevant and vital despite efforts by trade officials to contend it has been more influential in globa ...
S2005998_en.pdf
... whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Applications for the right to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent ...
... whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Applications for the right to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent ...
Agri-Food Past Present and Future Report
... Cuba’s agriculture sector has traditionally been vital to the economy, with notable products such as sugar, tobacco, citrus products, and tropical fruits. However, Cuba’s agriculture sector faces several challenges, including lack of technology and investment needed to significantly modernize produc ...
... Cuba’s agriculture sector has traditionally been vital to the economy, with notable products such as sugar, tobacco, citrus products, and tropical fruits. However, Cuba’s agriculture sector faces several challenges, including lack of technology and investment needed to significantly modernize produc ...
Indirect Domestic Value Added in Mexico`s Manufacturing Exports
... determines the amount of imports that it can finance and thus influences the level of income, the fact that exported goods incorporate imported intermediate goods means that the value of exports will be different from the domestic value added contained in exports. The higher the domestic value added ...
... determines the amount of imports that it can finance and thus influences the level of income, the fact that exported goods incorporate imported intermediate goods means that the value of exports will be different from the domestic value added contained in exports. The higher the domestic value added ...
Government report - World Trade Organization
... (primarily in the form of reserve requirement and lending ratios) to market-based indirect instruments involving open market operations mainly through the purchase and sale of government securities and CBO certificates of deposits (CDs). Banks can repo CDs treasury bills and development bonds and ha ...
... (primarily in the form of reserve requirement and lending ratios) to market-based indirect instruments involving open market operations mainly through the purchase and sale of government securities and CBO certificates of deposits (CDs). Banks can repo CDs treasury bills and development bonds and ha ...
inaf339_quallen_0411
... the WTO by reducing bilateral commitments. To investigate this possibility, we test whether the United States – for which the greatest number of WTO suits and foreign aid data are available – reduces foreign aid to those states that file against it. We compile an original dichotomous indicator using ...
... the WTO by reducing bilateral commitments. To investigate this possibility, we test whether the United States – for which the greatest number of WTO suits and foreign aid data are available – reduces foreign aid to those states that file against it. We compile an original dichotomous indicator using ...
Cyclically Adjusted Budget Balances in Slovenia
... General government budget balance can be broken down into two elements: structural budget balance and cyclical budget balance. The structural budget balance, or cyclically adjusted budget balance, is assumed to be predominantly influenced by governmental decisions and thus reveals the actual stance ...
... General government budget balance can be broken down into two elements: structural budget balance and cyclical budget balance. The structural budget balance, or cyclically adjusted budget balance, is assumed to be predominantly influenced by governmental decisions and thus reveals the actual stance ...
Presentation
... tariff access on a first-come, first-served (FCFS) basis. No over-quota imports allowed until TRQ fills. Overall level of the TRQ remains unchanged. United States would not grant Cuba a specific share of the TRQ. Cuba would compete with other exporting nations for access to the U.S. market. ...
... tariff access on a first-come, first-served (FCFS) basis. No over-quota imports allowed until TRQ fills. Overall level of the TRQ remains unchanged. United States would not grant Cuba a specific share of the TRQ. Cuba would compete with other exporting nations for access to the U.S. market. ...
REAL AND TERMS INDEXATION RULES FOR AN OPEN ECONOMY
... International Economic Studies and seminars at the University of Illinois, University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard University. The research reported here is part of the NBER's research program in International Studies. Any opinions expressed are those of the author and not those of the National Bure ...
... International Economic Studies and seminars at the University of Illinois, University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard University. The research reported here is part of the NBER's research program in International Studies. Any opinions expressed are those of the author and not those of the National Bure ...
Impact of India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement:
... study, India was unlikely to benefit in the short term from the India-ASEAN FTA. They pointed out that ASEAN was not a natural trading partner of India, and, unlike China, has not established close relations with the region. However, the agreement may make strategic sense in the long term, if India ...
... study, India was unlikely to benefit in the short term from the India-ASEAN FTA. They pointed out that ASEAN was not a natural trading partner of India, and, unlike China, has not established close relations with the region. However, the agreement may make strategic sense in the long term, if India ...
Name
... Indicator 1: Explain how the availability of productive resources and entrepreneurship affects the production of goods and services in different world regions. Indicator 2: Compare the endowment of productive resources in world regions and explain how this endowment contributed to specialization, tr ...
... Indicator 1: Explain how the availability of productive resources and entrepreneurship affects the production of goods and services in different world regions. Indicator 2: Compare the endowment of productive resources in world regions and explain how this endowment contributed to specialization, tr ...
Balance of trade
The commercial balance or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period, measured in the currency of that economy. It is the relationship between a nation's imports and exports. A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported; a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap. The balance of trade is sometimes divided into a goods and a services balance.