In Algeria. For Algeria.
... environment. Falling oil prices since 2014 have had negative effects: falling economic growth plus an increase in budget and trade deficits. Faced with the rising problems of unemployment and the fragility of the financial sector, the government is effecting considerable adjustments in all key areas ...
... environment. Falling oil prices since 2014 have had negative effects: falling economic growth plus an increase in budget and trade deficits. Faced with the rising problems of unemployment and the fragility of the financial sector, the government is effecting considerable adjustments in all key areas ...
2015 Intergenerational Report Australia in 2055
... working more efficiently or producing more or better quality goods and services with the same level of resources. Australia has enjoyed periods of high productivity growth, which have contributed to growth in incomes and high living standards. For every hour average Australians work today, they prod ...
... working more efficiently or producing more or better quality goods and services with the same level of resources. Australia has enjoyed periods of high productivity growth, which have contributed to growth in incomes and high living standards. For every hour average Australians work today, they prod ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE PHILLIPS CURVE IS BACK? USING
... where denotes in ation in domestically produced goods (the percentage change in the GDP de ator), consumer price in ation, U the unemployment rate, a a country{speci c constant term, and z a common supply shock. Following standard treatments, we interpret this equation as an aggregate supply cu ...
... where denotes in ation in domestically produced goods (the percentage change in the GDP de ator), consumer price in ation, U the unemployment rate, a a country{speci c constant term, and z a common supply shock. Following standard treatments, we interpret this equation as an aggregate supply cu ...
Chapter 02 Understanding How Economics Affects Business
... and started competing against BXY Utility Company that has served customers in that region for 65 years. Due to deregulation, consumers now have a choice among utility companies in this area. Although PowerHouse has made a sizeable capital investment, if it successfully grows market share, eventuall ...
... and started competing against BXY Utility Company that has served customers in that region for 65 years. Due to deregulation, consumers now have a choice among utility companies in this area. Although PowerHouse has made a sizeable capital investment, if it successfully grows market share, eventuall ...
The firm size distribution across countries and skill
... How and why does the firm size distribution differ across countries and within country over time? Within the growing body of recent work on the firm size distribution (see e.g. Samaniego 2006, Gollin 2007, Restuccia and Rogerson 2008, Hsieh and Klenow 2009), most papers study the distribution in one ...
... How and why does the firm size distribution differ across countries and within country over time? Within the growing body of recent work on the firm size distribution (see e.g. Samaniego 2006, Gollin 2007, Restuccia and Rogerson 2008, Hsieh and Klenow 2009), most papers study the distribution in one ...
A Contribution to Critical Globalization Studies
... media), but how and to what extent media and information shape imperialism (causal direction of arguments: media, information => imperialism). So one of the focuses of this paper is not cultural imperialism or media imperialism, but the role of media and information in the new imperialism. 2. Theori ...
... media), but how and to what extent media and information shape imperialism (causal direction of arguments: media, information => imperialism). So one of the focuses of this paper is not cultural imperialism or media imperialism, but the role of media and information in the new imperialism. 2. Theori ...
Macroeconomics, 10e (Parkin) - Testbank 2 (ch. 6
... A) Over the past 100 years, on the average real GDP per person grew 2 percent a year. B) The average annual growth rate of real GDP per person in the United States was rapid during World War II. C) In the 1930s, real GDP fell well below its trend. D) The growth rate of real GDP per person accelerate ...
... A) Over the past 100 years, on the average real GDP per person grew 2 percent a year. B) The average annual growth rate of real GDP per person in the United States was rapid during World War II. C) In the 1930s, real GDP fell well below its trend. D) The growth rate of real GDP per person accelerate ...
The effect of foreign direct investment on growth
... compared to GDP levels, this figure is less surprising; since the region accounts for just 2.44% of World GDP, it is reasonable to expect that it should have a smaller share of global FDI than other regions. Nevertheless, inward FDI flows as a share of African GDP have increased rapidly over the cou ...
... compared to GDP levels, this figure is less surprising; since the region accounts for just 2.44% of World GDP, it is reasonable to expect that it should have a smaller share of global FDI than other regions. Nevertheless, inward FDI flows as a share of African GDP have increased rapidly over the cou ...
supporting workers in the informal economy: a policy
... non-standard wage work (e.g. casual jobs) and self-employment (e.g. street vending); or the emergence of new forms of non-standard wage work (e.g. temporary and part-time jobs) and self-employment (e.g. high-tech home-based work). Today, however, there is a remarkable convergence of interest in the ...
... non-standard wage work (e.g. casual jobs) and self-employment (e.g. street vending); or the emergence of new forms of non-standard wage work (e.g. temporary and part-time jobs) and self-employment (e.g. high-tech home-based work). Today, however, there is a remarkable convergence of interest in the ...
the eleventh national economic and social development plan
... economy along with improvements to infrastructure and social services that will ultimately enhance the quality of human capital. Results at the initial stage were that the economy recovered from the crisis and expanded sufficiently to stimulate hiring, which substantially reduced unemployment. In th ...
... economy along with improvements to infrastructure and social services that will ultimately enhance the quality of human capital. Results at the initial stage were that the economy recovered from the crisis and expanded sufficiently to stimulate hiring, which substantially reduced unemployment. In th ...
Informal Economy Literature Review
... Various labels have been used by scholars to refer to the "informal economy": it has been called the irregular economy (Ferman & Ferman, 1973), the subterranean economy (Gutmann, 1977), the underground economy (Simon & Witte, 1982; Houston, 1987), the black economy (Dilnot & Morris, 1981), the shado ...
... Various labels have been used by scholars to refer to the "informal economy": it has been called the irregular economy (Ferman & Ferman, 1973), the subterranean economy (Gutmann, 1977), the underground economy (Simon & Witte, 1982; Houston, 1987), the black economy (Dilnot & Morris, 1981), the shado ...
Economic Diversification in LICs: Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic
... existing literature and ongoing IMF work that point to diversification as a crucial aspect of the development process. Diversification involves significant changes in both the type and quality of goods produced and exported. However, there are major differences across regions and countries in the de ...
... existing literature and ongoing IMF work that point to diversification as a crucial aspect of the development process. Diversification involves significant changes in both the type and quality of goods produced and exported. However, there are major differences across regions and countries in the de ...
Slide 1
... programs to companies per sectors, Results of the plans and programs of S&T, sectorial funds, mixed funds, fiscal profits to companies, others programs and funds, etc. ...
... programs to companies per sectors, Results of the plans and programs of S&T, sectorial funds, mixed funds, fiscal profits to companies, others programs and funds, etc. ...
Economics and the 2008 crisis: a Keynesian view
... In the sections which follow, you will be introduced to some simple equations. Don’t panic! Wherever they are used, we teach you step by step how to read them. A general point to be aware of is that where one term is multiplied by another we will follow standard maths notation and leave out the mult ...
... In the sections which follow, you will be introduced to some simple equations. Don’t panic! Wherever they are used, we teach you step by step how to read them. A general point to be aware of is that where one term is multiplied by another we will follow standard maths notation and leave out the mult ...
How to assess the impact of FDI on an economy?
... The literature mentions basically four channels that allow for technological spillovers from FDI to the host economy (Kinoshita, 2001; Halpern and Muraközy, 2005): - First, the classical indirect channel for the transmission of technology from FDI to the domestic economy functions via imitation. The ...
... The literature mentions basically four channels that allow for technological spillovers from FDI to the host economy (Kinoshita, 2001; Halpern and Muraközy, 2005): - First, the classical indirect channel for the transmission of technology from FDI to the domestic economy functions via imitation. The ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).