- The Human Brain
... integrated motor response passes to the spinal motoneuron via the pyramidal tract . On almost every level (spinal cord - thalamus - striatum - cortex) interneuronal systems take part in the message processing in an inhibitory or facilitatory fashion . The interneuronal system with multiple synaptic ...
... integrated motor response passes to the spinal motoneuron via the pyramidal tract . On almost every level (spinal cord - thalamus - striatum - cortex) interneuronal systems take part in the message processing in an inhibitory or facilitatory fashion . The interneuronal system with multiple synaptic ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... synaptic transmissionat excitatory intrinsic synapses between pyramidal cells, while having little effect on synaptic transmission at afferent fibers arising from the olfactory bulb (Hasseimoand Bower, 1992).In modelsofpiriform cortex (Hasselmo et al., 1992; Barkai and Hasselmo, 1994a,b; Hasselmo, 1 ...
... synaptic transmissionat excitatory intrinsic synapses between pyramidal cells, while having little effect on synaptic transmission at afferent fibers arising from the olfactory bulb (Hasseimoand Bower, 1992).In modelsofpiriform cortex (Hasselmo et al., 1992; Barkai and Hasselmo, 1994a,b; Hasselmo, 1 ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... neurons are born and migrate to their final positions in the nervous system. Subsequently, neurons elaborate their axons and dendrites in patterns characteristic for each cell type. Finally, highly specific connections between neurons — synapses — are formed. In many cases, these early synaptic conn ...
... neurons are born and migrate to their final positions in the nervous system. Subsequently, neurons elaborate their axons and dendrites in patterns characteristic for each cell type. Finally, highly specific connections between neurons — synapses — are formed. In many cases, these early synaptic conn ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... axons select and subsequently grow into visual cortex. In contrast, subplate neurons do not appear to play a major role in the initial morphological development of the LGN itself. Subplate ablations did not alter dendritic growth or shapes of LGN projection neurons during the period under study, nor ...
... axons select and subsequently grow into visual cortex. In contrast, subplate neurons do not appear to play a major role in the initial morphological development of the LGN itself. Subplate ablations did not alter dendritic growth or shapes of LGN projection neurons during the period under study, nor ...
The rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical
... Through a series of lesion, electrophysiological, local pharmacological and neuroanatomical studies, it has been shown in cats that a small area of the dorsal rostral pontine reticular nucleus (PRNr), named peri-locus coeruleus α (peri-LCα) by Sakai et al. (1979, 1981), contains the neurones respons ...
... Through a series of lesion, electrophysiological, local pharmacological and neuroanatomical studies, it has been shown in cats that a small area of the dorsal rostral pontine reticular nucleus (PRNr), named peri-locus coeruleus α (peri-LCα) by Sakai et al. (1979, 1981), contains the neurones respons ...
Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the
... The amygdala has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, from sexual and social behaviors to emotion and sensory-associative learning (see Discussion). It is becoming clear that specific amygdalar nuclei contribute differentially to the various functions associated with this part of the infe ...
... The amygdala has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, from sexual and social behaviors to emotion and sensory-associative learning (see Discussion). It is becoming clear that specific amygdalar nuclei contribute differentially to the various functions associated with this part of the infe ...
Mitchell, Emma (2016) Detour pathways of descending motor
... connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. If the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does take over control of ipsilateral spinal circuitry after stroke, it likely utilises an indirect route. In the intact animal, a number of indirect routes via which the motor ...
... connections to the denervated (ipsilateral) side of the spinal cord. If the motor cortex from the non-ischaemic hemisphere does take over control of ipsilateral spinal circuitry after stroke, it likely utilises an indirect route. In the intact animal, a number of indirect routes via which the motor ...
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Bottom-Up View
... projections to and from the major brain systems that are associated with emotion [amygdala, hypothalamus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), insula, ventral striatum], cognition and executive control (dorsal prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal pole, parietal cortex), and ...
... projections to and from the major brain systems that are associated with emotion [amygdala, hypothalamus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), insula, ventral striatum], cognition and executive control (dorsal prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal pole, parietal cortex), and ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two ...
... Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two ...
indirect projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to major
... ventral division: P 4.16 and P 4.3); ventral tegmental area (P 5.3 and P 5.6) and substantia nigra pars compacta (P 5.8 and P 6.04); dorsal raphe nucleus (P 7.8, P 8.2 and P 8.8); pedunculopontine (P 7.64 and P 8.3) and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei (P 8.8 and P 9.16); and locus coeruleus (dendritic ...
... ventral division: P 4.16 and P 4.3); ventral tegmental area (P 5.3 and P 5.6) and substantia nigra pars compacta (P 5.8 and P 6.04); dorsal raphe nucleus (P 7.8, P 8.2 and P 8.8); pedunculopontine (P 7.64 and P 8.3) and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei (P 8.8 and P 9.16); and locus coeruleus (dendritic ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... axons segregate as they enter the LGN by eye and functional group,1 often forming layers, and (3) retinal axons terminate in discrete, orderly clusters forming the basis for a topographic (‘retinotopic’) map of the contralateral visual field (with receptive fields similar to retina in size and respo ...
... axons segregate as they enter the LGN by eye and functional group,1 often forming layers, and (3) retinal axons terminate in discrete, orderly clusters forming the basis for a topographic (‘retinotopic’) map of the contralateral visual field (with receptive fields similar to retina in size and respo ...
Cadherin Expression by Embryonic Divisions and
... (Redies et al., 2000). The analysis was carried out at an intermediate stage of telencephalic development when most gray matter structures have already been formed and assume their final topologic positions. At this time, the cadherin expression profile is still relatively distinct in the embryonic ...
... (Redies et al., 2000). The analysis was carried out at an intermediate stage of telencephalic development when most gray matter structures have already been formed and assume their final topologic positions. At this time, the cadherin expression profile is still relatively distinct in the embryonic ...
Paper
... Three adult Cebus apella monkeys were injected with fluorescent tracers, including fluororuby (FR, 10% in dH2 0), fluoroemerald (FE, 10% in dH2 0), diamidino yellow (DY, 2% in dH2 0), and fast blue (FB, 2% in dH2 0), at multiple locations in prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex. Case details for each ...
... Three adult Cebus apella monkeys were injected with fluorescent tracers, including fluororuby (FR, 10% in dH2 0), fluoroemerald (FE, 10% in dH2 0), diamidino yellow (DY, 2% in dH2 0), and fast blue (FB, 2% in dH2 0), at multiple locations in prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex. Case details for each ...
C:\Vision\15Higher level Pt 2.wpd
... in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. With an understanding of these new elements and mechanisms, a new Chapter 19 on the Mechanisms and Capabilities of Read ...
... in research related to the maximum performance of the human visual system. The system contains components and circuits that are either rudimentary or absent in these lower species. With an understanding of these new elements and mechanisms, a new Chapter 19 on the Mechanisms and Capabilities of Read ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... inputs elicit direct excitation and feedforward inhibition of layer 2 projection neurons in infralimbic PFC. BLA inputs are much stronger at corticoamygdala neurons compared with nearby corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs are even more powerful at parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing i ...
... inputs elicit direct excitation and feedforward inhibition of layer 2 projection neurons in infralimbic PFC. BLA inputs are much stronger at corticoamygdala neurons compared with nearby corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs are even more powerful at parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing i ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... have used surface biotinylation to define the fraction of transporters on the surface versus those in the nearby cytoplasm. In addition to timely removal of GABA released spontaneously or by presynaptic impulses, other possible functions of GABA transporters include replenishing the supply of GABA i ...
... have used surface biotinylation to define the fraction of transporters on the surface versus those in the nearby cytoplasm. In addition to timely removal of GABA released spontaneously or by presynaptic impulses, other possible functions of GABA transporters include replenishing the supply of GABA i ...
Bischoff_Thesis_notes
... projections from somatosensory area 3a internally generated sequences pre-SMA receives connections from prefrontal cortex, area 46 area F5 and anterior cingulate cortex externally generated sequences o Prefrontal learning of new sequences she says that in the DAJ model, prefrontal acti ...
... projections from somatosensory area 3a internally generated sequences pre-SMA receives connections from prefrontal cortex, area 46 area F5 and anterior cingulate cortex externally generated sequences o Prefrontal learning of new sequences she says that in the DAJ model, prefrontal acti ...
olfaction
... the nose in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone passes 40 or so bundles of axons form right and left olfactory nerves They terminate in the olfactory bulbs – below the frontal lobes of the cerebrum Axons of the olfactory bulbs form the olfactory tract which projects to the primary olfactory ...
... the nose in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone passes 40 or so bundles of axons form right and left olfactory nerves They terminate in the olfactory bulbs – below the frontal lobes of the cerebrum Axons of the olfactory bulbs form the olfactory tract which projects to the primary olfactory ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... Mecp2/y mice [9, 10], no studies so far analyzed and compared total transcriptional activity of wild-type versus mutant neuronal nuclei. Such measurements necessitate access to uniform populations of neurons. Indeed, nuclear size has long been known to correlate with transcriptional activity and ne ...
... Mecp2/y mice [9, 10], no studies so far analyzed and compared total transcriptional activity of wild-type versus mutant neuronal nuclei. Such measurements necessitate access to uniform populations of neurons. Indeed, nuclear size has long been known to correlate with transcriptional activity and ne ...
Caudal Topographic Nucleus Isthmi and the Rostra1
... dense terminals in the present material. Thus, tectal injections permitted analyses of both the dendritic and axonal arbors of Imc neurons. Large control injections of HRP into the medial or lateral half of the pontine tegmentum left Imc as a label-freeisland surrounded by densely labeled reticular ...
... dense terminals in the present material. Thus, tectal injections permitted analyses of both the dendritic and axonal arbors of Imc neurons. Large control injections of HRP into the medial or lateral half of the pontine tegmentum left Imc as a label-freeisland surrounded by densely labeled reticular ...
Seventeen
... and Olfactory Nerves The olfactory epithelium is derived from an ectodermal thickening, the olfactory placode, at the rostral end of the embryonic head, The cells of this placode give rise to the cells of the epithelium, the glial cells of the olfactory nerves, and probably some of the glial cells o ...
... and Olfactory Nerves The olfactory epithelium is derived from an ectodermal thickening, the olfactory placode, at the rostral end of the embryonic head, The cells of this placode give rise to the cells of the epithelium, the glial cells of the olfactory nerves, and probably some of the glial cells o ...
glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate
... in the case of glutamate, the site(s) of high-affinity uptake are not well established and there are contradictions in the literature between results obtained by different methods. Biochemical studies on compartmentation in the metabolism of glutamate and the related amino acids GABA, aspartate and ...
... in the case of glutamate, the site(s) of high-affinity uptake are not well established and there are contradictions in the literature between results obtained by different methods. Biochemical studies on compartmentation in the metabolism of glutamate and the related amino acids GABA, aspartate and ...
Stimulus Configuration, Classical Conditioning, and
... and a cingulo-pontine projection (Weisendanger & Weisendanger, 1982; Wyss & Sripanidkulchai, 1984). In addition to its modulation of the pontine nucleus, we suggest that the hippocampus also acts on the dorsal accessory olive, thereby modulating the activity of climbing fiber projections to cerebell ...
... and a cingulo-pontine projection (Weisendanger & Weisendanger, 1982; Wyss & Sripanidkulchai, 1984). In addition to its modulation of the pontine nucleus, we suggest that the hippocampus also acts on the dorsal accessory olive, thereby modulating the activity of climbing fiber projections to cerebell ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... microscope. The number of labeled neurons within the enclosed area was calculated by an algorithm written for this purpose. Because many hypothalamic nuclei are small, it was necessary to match the rostrocaudal level of sections across cases as much as possible to ensure equivalent opportunity to sa ...
... microscope. The number of labeled neurons within the enclosed area was calculated by an algorithm written for this purpose. Because many hypothalamic nuclei are small, it was necessary to match the rostrocaudal level of sections across cases as much as possible to ensure equivalent opportunity to sa ...
Fine structural analysis of extraocular muscle spindles of a
... but were absent from damaged chain fibers and from anomalous fibers. One "false spindle" without a periaxial space was composed of three anomalous fibers and one chain fiber, all of them devoid of sensory terminals. CONCLUSIONS. Most structural particularities of human EOM spindles described in aged ...
... but were absent from damaged chain fibers and from anomalous fibers. One "false spindle" without a periaxial space was composed of three anomalous fibers and one chain fiber, all of them devoid of sensory terminals. CONCLUSIONS. Most structural particularities of human EOM spindles described in aged ...
Anatomy of the cerebellum
The anatomy of the cerebellum can be viewed at three levels. At the level of large-scale anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a tightly folded and crumpled layer of cortex, with white matter underneath, several deep nuclei embedded in the white matter, and a fluid-filled ventricle in the middle. At the intermediate level, the cerebellum and its auxiliary structures can be decomposed into several hundred or thousand independently functioning modules or ""microzones"". At the microscopic level, each module consists of the same small set of neuronal elements, laid out with a highly stereotyped geometry.