Rhythmic Spontaneous Activity in the Piriform Cortex
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
... Figure 2. Characteristics of the spontaneous rhythmic activity in the piriform network. (A) Autocorrelogram and mean frequency (horizontal line) of multiunit activity in layer III. The inset shows how duration was measured at the point where the mean frequency line crossed the central peak. The 2 d ...
Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum
... The main input unit of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which receives synaptic input from cortical and subcortical afferents, such as motor cortical input and dopaminergic projections from substantia nigra (but also other midbrain nuclei, such as the ventral tegmental area2,4,5,7–9 ). The striatu ...
... The main input unit of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which receives synaptic input from cortical and subcortical afferents, such as motor cortical input and dopaminergic projections from substantia nigra (but also other midbrain nuclei, such as the ventral tegmental area2,4,5,7–9 ). The striatu ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... icits in both area and projection density of BF cells to the cortex. It is clear that NGF plays a role in maintaining the BF cholinergic projections to the cortex. Two key findings have also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtain ...
... icits in both area and projection density of BF cells to the cortex. It is clear that NGF plays a role in maintaining the BF cholinergic projections to the cortex. Two key findings have also suggested the possibility that NGF can also induce immediate release of ACh. Knipper and collaborators obtain ...
the organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... predict the timing of reward delivery, even in a phase of the task when the cells are not driven by a visual stimulus. This result is remarkable because V1 neurons are usually thought to code low-level visual features rather than the value of stimuli. However, a recent study by Serences (2008) obser ...
... predict the timing of reward delivery, even in a phase of the task when the cells are not driven by a visual stimulus. This result is remarkable because V1 neurons are usually thought to code low-level visual features rather than the value of stimuli. However, a recent study by Serences (2008) obser ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... than 2.5 million years, have reported left anterior inferior parietal–ventral premotor activation during simple tool-making and increased right inferior parietal–inferior frontal (ventral premotor, pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus) during more complex tool-making. A longitudinal study ...
... than 2.5 million years, have reported left anterior inferior parietal–ventral premotor activation during simple tool-making and increased right inferior parietal–inferior frontal (ventral premotor, pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus) during more complex tool-making. A longitudinal study ...
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to
... anterior insula, dACC, amygdala, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, and thalamus, as well as studies showing anatomical connectivity between the anterior insula and the amygdala (Menon and Uddin, 2010). A few studies have investigated rs-fcMRI in MDD (for a review, see Wang et al, 2012). Sheli ...
... anterior insula, dACC, amygdala, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, and thalamus, as well as studies showing anatomical connectivity between the anterior insula and the amygdala (Menon and Uddin, 2010). A few studies have investigated rs-fcMRI in MDD (for a review, see Wang et al, 2012). Sheli ...
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Bottom-Up View
... Vogt et al. 1987, 1995). Although the distinction between the dACC and the PCC is quite clear cytoarchitectonically (the latter is granular), no sulcal marker in humans or monkeys indicates their border. To solve this problem, Vogt (2009) provided neuroimaging templates to estimate the extent of dif ...
... Vogt et al. 1987, 1995). Although the distinction between the dACC and the PCC is quite clear cytoarchitectonically (the latter is granular), no sulcal marker in humans or monkeys indicates their border. To solve this problem, Vogt (2009) provided neuroimaging templates to estimate the extent of dif ...
The Organization of Behavioral Repertoire in Motor Cortex
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
... circuitry? One potential risk in studying complex actions is that it might hinder a mechanistic or reductionist understanding of movement control. Traditionally, motor control is studied by examining simple components of movements. This review, however, argues that much greater insight can be gained ...
i BASAL GANGLIA PATHWAYS: BEYOND THE CLOSED
... Figure 1-5: Origin of pallidal projections to M1, PMv, SMA, area 46, and area 9. ......... 17 Figure 1-6: Origin of nigral projections to the FEF, areas TE, 12, 9m, and 9l. ................ 17 Figure 1-7: Summary map of pallidal output channels. .................................................. 19 ...
... Figure 1-5: Origin of pallidal projections to M1, PMv, SMA, area 46, and area 9. ......... 17 Figure 1-6: Origin of nigral projections to the FEF, areas TE, 12, 9m, and 9l. ................ 17 Figure 1-7: Summary map of pallidal output channels. .................................................. 19 ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... Indeed, warm and cold stimuli may be important prototypical primary, that is unlearned, reinforcers, and investigation of the neural mechanisms that are related to these stimuli and the feelings they arouse may provide a direct approach to understanding the brain mechanisms of emotion and indeed of ...
... Indeed, warm and cold stimuli may be important prototypical primary, that is unlearned, reinforcers, and investigation of the neural mechanisms that are related to these stimuli and the feelings they arouse may provide a direct approach to understanding the brain mechanisms of emotion and indeed of ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... larger later rewards. Temporal discounting has been demonstrated in humans and animals in many psychological and behavioural economics studies [1,3– 5,11,12], although the debate is still raging between hyperbolic, exponential and combined models. Related to value discounting, behavioural conditioni ...
... larger later rewards. Temporal discounting has been demonstrated in humans and animals in many psychological and behavioural economics studies [1,3– 5,11,12], although the debate is still raging between hyperbolic, exponential and combined models. Related to value discounting, behavioural conditioni ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... areas contribute to this feedforward system these higher-order regions through the cerebrocerebelwith a good deal of topographic ordering (Figs. 3C, 4). lar circuit. The cerebrocerebellar circuit consists of a feedfor- The posterior parietal association cortices are critical ward, or afferent limb, ...
... areas contribute to this feedforward system these higher-order regions through the cerebrocerebelwith a good deal of topographic ordering (Figs. 3C, 4). lar circuit. The cerebrocerebellar circuit consists of a feedfor- The posterior parietal association cortices are critical ward, or afferent limb, ...
Rules Ventral Prefrontal Cortical Axons Use to Reach Their Targets
... site split into three groups, a medial, dorsal, and lateral group. Each of these groups of fibers contains subsets of axons that travel in different WM tracts, the specifics of which depend on the location of the injection site (Figs. 1, 2a, 3a). Axons from all vPFC areas travel in the UF, corpus ca ...
... site split into three groups, a medial, dorsal, and lateral group. Each of these groups of fibers contains subsets of axons that travel in different WM tracts, the specifics of which depend on the location of the injection site (Figs. 1, 2a, 3a). Axons from all vPFC areas travel in the UF, corpus ca ...
Basal Ganglia objectives - NBio401
... movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, executive, and emotional systems. - Be able to describe the type of learning in which the basal ganglia are involved. ...
... movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, executive, and emotional systems. - Be able to describe the type of learning in which the basal ganglia are involved. ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... appear to change with learning. This was especially evident in the case where the behavioral relevance of an auditory stimulus depended on a visual stimulus (McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1995). Two groups of rats received pairings of a tone (conditioned excitor: T / ) with a mild footshock. Group TL 0 ...
... appear to change with learning. This was especially evident in the case where the behavioral relevance of an auditory stimulus depended on a visual stimulus (McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1995). Two groups of rats received pairings of a tone (conditioned excitor: T / ) with a mild footshock. Group TL 0 ...
hoofdstuk 8 - VU-dare
... relation between specific RSNs and distinct dimensions of psychopathic traits. Moreover, brain dysfunctions in adult psychopaths may be heavily influenced by chronic substance abuse (Blair, 2004) or other aspects of an antisocial lifestyle, warranting their investigation in juveniles. In this respec ...
... relation between specific RSNs and distinct dimensions of psychopathic traits. Moreover, brain dysfunctions in adult psychopaths may be heavily influenced by chronic substance abuse (Blair, 2004) or other aspects of an antisocial lifestyle, warranting their investigation in juveniles. In this respec ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... actual and internal speech in humans (Frith et al., 1995; McGuire et al., 1995). In contrast to the lateral and medial prefrontal cortices described above, the role of auditory connections in area 10 processing is largely unknown. It was not until recently that the first electrophysiologic recording ...
... actual and internal speech in humans (Frith et al., 1995; McGuire et al., 1995). In contrast to the lateral and medial prefrontal cortices described above, the role of auditory connections in area 10 processing is largely unknown. It was not until recently that the first electrophysiologic recording ...
Mapping Pavlovian Conditioning Effects on the Brain: Blocking
... using a marker of metabolic capacity, cytochrome oxidase (Poremba et al. 1997). The regions with cytochrome oxidase differences were limited to areas of the auditory system receiving US somatosensory inputs, such as the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the inferior colliculus, and the secondary auditory cor ...
... using a marker of metabolic capacity, cytochrome oxidase (Poremba et al. 1997). The regions with cytochrome oxidase differences were limited to areas of the auditory system receiving US somatosensory inputs, such as the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the inferior colliculus, and the secondary auditory cor ...
Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of
... one of three words in response to the specific word heard. The auditory stimuli were three verbs (take, join, find), and the responses were three pronouns (them, her, him). The stimuli were presented through a pair of headphones. The latency and accuracy of the verbal responses were measured bv mean ...
... one of three words in response to the specific word heard. The auditory stimuli were three verbs (take, join, find), and the responses were three pronouns (them, her, him). The stimuli were presented through a pair of headphones. The latency and accuracy of the verbal responses were measured bv mean ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... triggered by structures within the cerebral hemispheres. Animal studies, and observations following cerebral ablations in man, suggest that saccades performed under different behavioural circumstances are controlled by different cortical and subcortical oculomotor regions (for review, see PierrotDes ...
... triggered by structures within the cerebral hemispheres. Animal studies, and observations following cerebral ablations in man, suggest that saccades performed under different behavioural circumstances are controlled by different cortical and subcortical oculomotor regions (for review, see PierrotDes ...
A thalamic reticular networking model of consciousness
... [Background]: It is reasonable to consider the thalamus a primary candidate for the location of consciousness, given that the thalamus has been referred to as the gateway of nearly all sensory inputs to the corresponding cortical areas. Interestingly, in an early stage of brain development, communic ...
... [Background]: It is reasonable to consider the thalamus a primary candidate for the location of consciousness, given that the thalamus has been referred to as the gateway of nearly all sensory inputs to the corresponding cortical areas. Interestingly, in an early stage of brain development, communic ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... 2002). One mechanism for establishing whether auditory cortex and the STS interact at the functional level is to measure their temporal correlations as a function stimulus condition. Concurrent recordings of LFPs and spiking activity in the lateral belt of auditory cortex and the upper bank of the S ...
... 2002). One mechanism for establishing whether auditory cortex and the STS interact at the functional level is to measure their temporal correlations as a function stimulus condition. Concurrent recordings of LFPs and spiking activity in the lateral belt of auditory cortex and the upper bank of the S ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... After pilot study, the counting frame area was set at 150 · 150 lm. The density of cells per mm3 was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons over the volume of the region examined. The mean and SEM regional and laminar densities for each neurochemical class of neurons were obtained from ...
... After pilot study, the counting frame area was set at 150 · 150 lm. The density of cells per mm3 was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons over the volume of the region examined. The mean and SEM regional and laminar densities for each neurochemical class of neurons were obtained from ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... barrels are located centrally within the PMBSF (central whiskers), it is unclear whether a whisker with a barrel at the border of the PMBSF (border whisker) also has a large functional representation. Although whisker responses have been recorded up to ⬃300 m away from the appropriate barrel into t ...
... barrels are located centrally within the PMBSF (central whiskers), it is unclear whether a whisker with a barrel at the border of the PMBSF (border whisker) also has a large functional representation. Although whisker responses have been recorded up to ⬃300 m away from the appropriate barrel into t ...
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47The OFC is considered anatomically synonymous with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the magnocellular, medial nucleus of the mediodorsal thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion and reward in decision making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of both humans and non-human primates. A related area is found in rodents.