Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... the left frontal cortex when compared with controls2, 3. In recovered AN patients, a decreased binding to 5-HT2A could be seen in the parietal and temporal cortex and in the subgenual cingulated when compared with AN patients2, 3. fMRI studies use two different stimuli to provoke AN related symptoms ...
... the left frontal cortex when compared with controls2, 3. In recovered AN patients, a decreased binding to 5-HT2A could be seen in the parietal and temporal cortex and in the subgenual cingulated when compared with AN patients2, 3. fMRI studies use two different stimuli to provoke AN related symptoms ...
amygdala projections to central amygdaloid nucleus subdivisions
... amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala ...
... amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala ...
(2000). Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior.
... mediates and controls locomotor behavior [192,328,330]. The lowest or first level of the locomotor system is formed of course by a subset of motoneuron pools in the spinal cord ventral horn that innervates the limb muscles responsible for locomotor behavior (Fig. 1). The second major level is referr ...
... mediates and controls locomotor behavior [192,328,330]. The lowest or first level of the locomotor system is formed of course by a subset of motoneuron pools in the spinal cord ventral horn that innervates the limb muscles responsible for locomotor behavior (Fig. 1). The second major level is referr ...
Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated
... mediates and controls locomotor behavior [192,328,330]. The lowest or first level of the locomotor system is formed of course by a subset of motoneuron pools in the spinal cord ventral horn that innervates the limb muscles responsible for locomotor behavior (Fig. 1). The second major level is referr ...
... mediates and controls locomotor behavior [192,328,330]. The lowest or first level of the locomotor system is formed of course by a subset of motoneuron pools in the spinal cord ventral horn that innervates the limb muscles responsible for locomotor behavior (Fig. 1). The second major level is referr ...
The Olfactory System - Tim J. van Hartevelt
... receptors are the only neurons that are inserted in the surface epithelium of the body and are, therefore, directly exposed to the environment. It is likely that this makes them more vulnerable to insult and necessitates their regenerative capacity. Although other receptor-related cells also have a ...
... receptors are the only neurons that are inserted in the surface epithelium of the body and are, therefore, directly exposed to the environment. It is likely that this makes them more vulnerable to insult and necessitates their regenerative capacity. Although other receptor-related cells also have a ...
Magnitude of the Object Recognition Deficit
... to the cytoarchitectonic divisions of Burwell (2001). Lesion borders were then drawn in a frame area including the perirhinal cortex (areas 35 and 36), area TE, and the piriform cortex or the entorhinal cortex (depending on AP level). The perirhinal cortex was subdivided into three subregions: rostr ...
... to the cytoarchitectonic divisions of Burwell (2001). Lesion borders were then drawn in a frame area including the perirhinal cortex (areas 35 and 36), area TE, and the piriform cortex or the entorhinal cortex (depending on AP level). The perirhinal cortex was subdivided into three subregions: rostr ...
NIH Public Access
... The volitional control of negative emotion is another affective function that is germane to PTSD, and one in which vmPFC and amygdala again play prominent roles. Human functional imaging studies have employed paradigms in which subjects are instructed to reappraise upsetting or anxiety-provoking sti ...
... The volitional control of negative emotion is another affective function that is germane to PTSD, and one in which vmPFC and amygdala again play prominent roles. Human functional imaging studies have employed paradigms in which subjects are instructed to reappraise upsetting or anxiety-provoking sti ...
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of
... are functionally heterogeneous, with distinct roles in learning and expressing fear behaviors. PTSD differences in amygdala-complex function and functional connectivity with cortical and subcortical structures remain unclear. Recent military veterans with PTSD (n ¼ 20) and matched trauma-exposed con ...
... are functionally heterogeneous, with distinct roles in learning and expressing fear behaviors. PTSD differences in amygdala-complex function and functional connectivity with cortical and subcortical structures remain unclear. Recent military veterans with PTSD (n ¼ 20) and matched trauma-exposed con ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... also that neural signals coding rule-dependent categories were distributed between the parietal and prefrontal cortex— however, not equally. Rule-dependent category signals were stronger, more powerfully modulated by the rule, and earlier to emerge in prefrontal cortex relative to parietal cortex. T ...
... also that neural signals coding rule-dependent categories were distributed between the parietal and prefrontal cortex— however, not equally. Rule-dependent category signals were stronger, more powerfully modulated by the rule, and earlier to emerge in prefrontal cortex relative to parietal cortex. T ...
The cortical column: a structure without a function
... varies smoothly across most of the cortical surface (Albus 1975; Blasdel & Salama 1986). Therefore, Hubel and Wiesel’s classic model showing orientation columns as discrete slabs is misleading because the columns are borderless in real life. The diagram is still useful, however, because it captures ...
... varies smoothly across most of the cortical surface (Albus 1975; Blasdel & Salama 1986). Therefore, Hubel and Wiesel’s classic model showing orientation columns as discrete slabs is misleading because the columns are borderless in real life. The diagram is still useful, however, because it captures ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... stimulus–response or context–habit associations via procedural or instrumental learning. Finally, others regard ventral striatum as being a structure primarily implicated in the determination of the goal of an action; the “thing” that we want to obtain (food, water, sex, or “positive emotion”) or to ...
... stimulus–response or context–habit associations via procedural or instrumental learning. Finally, others regard ventral striatum as being a structure primarily implicated in the determination of the goal of an action; the “thing” that we want to obtain (food, water, sex, or “positive emotion”) or to ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
... Discrete lesions were made in the primary visual cortex of 8 monkey hemispheres. None of these lesions involved white matter. In some monkeys the cortical lesion was fairly superficial, involving layers 1-4, whereas in others the lesions were slightly deeper, involving all 6 layers. There did not ap ...
Immunocytochemical Distribution of the
... levels of the CB1 receptor are expressed in neocortical association areas such as the prefrontal cortex and the cingulate cortex (Herkenham and others 1991; Matsuda and others 1993; Glass and others 1997), which are known to mediate executive functions. Other regions involved in cognitive functionin ...
... levels of the CB1 receptor are expressed in neocortical association areas such as the prefrontal cortex and the cingulate cortex (Herkenham and others 1991; Matsuda and others 1993; Glass and others 1997), which are known to mediate executive functions. Other regions involved in cognitive functionin ...
Subcortical loops through the basal ganglia
... contact with hindbrain premotor nuclei responsible for directing the animal towards or away from salient cues [32–35]. Deep-layer neurons are responsive to unisensory and multisensory stimuli [35] and exhibit bursts of activity tightly coupled to stimulus onset, to the initiation of a motor response ...
... contact with hindbrain premotor nuclei responsible for directing the animal towards or away from salient cues [32–35]. Deep-layer neurons are responsive to unisensory and multisensory stimuli [35] and exhibit bursts of activity tightly coupled to stimulus onset, to the initiation of a motor response ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... correlated with the cognitive control network and the DMN; the SFGdl was correlated with the cognitive execution network and the DMN; and the SFGp was correlated with the sensorimotor-related brain regions. The SFGam and SFGdl were further parcellated into three and two subclusters that are well cor ...
... correlated with the cognitive control network and the DMN; the SFGdl was correlated with the cognitive execution network and the DMN; and the SFGp was correlated with the sensorimotor-related brain regions. The SFGam and SFGdl were further parcellated into three and two subclusters that are well cor ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... not only from new methods of exploring the brain, including new neuroanatomical staining techniques and brain imaging methods in humans, but also from a need to unite our knowledge of brain function and structure with clinical observations. The task is to enable an integration of brain-behavior rela ...
... not only from new methods of exploring the brain, including new neuroanatomical staining techniques and brain imaging methods in humans, but also from a need to unite our knowledge of brain function and structure with clinical observations. The task is to enable an integration of brain-behavior rela ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... lower-level sensory and motor processes along a common theme, an internal goal. This ability for cognitive control no doubt involves neural circuitry that extends over much of the brain, but it is commonly held that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is particularly important. The PFC is the neocortical re ...
... lower-level sensory and motor processes along a common theme, an internal goal. This ability for cognitive control no doubt involves neural circuitry that extends over much of the brain, but it is commonly held that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is particularly important. The PFC is the neocortical re ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... alone suggests some relationship between the dorsal/ventral and magno/parvo schemes. However, many of the anatomical and functional details of this relationship remain to be worked out. Previous anatomical studies have revealed many of the inputs to the posterior parietal and inferior temporal corte ...
... alone suggests some relationship between the dorsal/ventral and magno/parvo schemes. However, many of the anatomical and functional details of this relationship remain to be worked out. Previous anatomical studies have revealed many of the inputs to the posterior parietal and inferior temporal corte ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... Prefrontal cortices have been implicated in autonomic function, but their role in this activity is not well understood. Orbital and medial prefrontal cortices receive input from cortical and subcortical structures associated with emotions. Thus, the prefrontal cortex may be an essential link for aut ...
... Prefrontal cortices have been implicated in autonomic function, but their role in this activity is not well understood. Orbital and medial prefrontal cortices receive input from cortical and subcortical structures associated with emotions. Thus, the prefrontal cortex may be an essential link for aut ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... lower-level sensory and motor processes along a common theme, an internal goal. This ability for cognitive control no doubt involves neural circuitry that extends over much of the brain, but it is commonly held that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is particularly important. The PFC is the neocortical re ...
... lower-level sensory and motor processes along a common theme, an internal goal. This ability for cognitive control no doubt involves neural circuitry that extends over much of the brain, but it is commonly held that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is particularly important. The PFC is the neocortical re ...
The thalamus as a putative biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders
... either drivers or modulators; this classification is regardless of whether the fibres originate from cortical or subcortical structures (see Figure 3). Afferent fibres can be defined on the basis of their synaptic morphology (e.g., drivers have large terminals on proximal dendrites forming multiple ...
... either drivers or modulators; this classification is regardless of whether the fibres originate from cortical or subcortical structures (see Figure 3). Afferent fibres can be defined on the basis of their synaptic morphology (e.g., drivers have large terminals on proximal dendrites forming multiple ...
Copyright 1984 by Desav, Paul Henri All Rights Reserved
... This thesis is a study of the structure, afferents and efferents of the cerebral cortex of the turtle. Such a project is of interest for two reasons. First, the cortex of the turtle is one of the most primitive versions of the cortex that can be recognized. An analysis of the turtle cortex allows us ...
... This thesis is a study of the structure, afferents and efferents of the cerebral cortex of the turtle. Such a project is of interest for two reasons. First, the cortex of the turtle is one of the most primitive versions of the cortex that can be recognized. An analysis of the turtle cortex allows us ...
Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing
... cortical area V4; PreGen Cing, pregenual cingulate cortex. ‘‘Gate’’ refers to the finding that inputs such as the taste, smell, and sight of food in some brain regions only produce effects when hunger is present (Rolls, 2014). Tier 1: the column of brain regions including and below the inferior tempo ...
... cortical area V4; PreGen Cing, pregenual cingulate cortex. ‘‘Gate’’ refers to the finding that inputs such as the taste, smell, and sight of food in some brain regions only produce effects when hunger is present (Rolls, 2014). Tier 1: the column of brain regions including and below the inferior tempo ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... The first approach faces the same problem as the post-mortem studies: picking the correct slice angle along which to measure the thickness at any one point. That is a very difficult task, made even more difficult by the fact that MRI is discrete data rarely sampled higher than one millimetre. Moreov ...
... The first approach faces the same problem as the post-mortem studies: picking the correct slice angle along which to measure the thickness at any one point. That is a very difficult task, made even more difficult by the fact that MRI is discrete data rarely sampled higher than one millimetre. Moreov ...
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
... represents the free edge of the pallium, and the associated white matter, the alveus, fimbria, and fornix. The cortex adjacent to the hippocampus is known as the entorhinal area; it is present along the whole length of the parahippocampal gyrus [21]. The subiculum is a transitional zone between the ...
... represents the free edge of the pallium, and the associated white matter, the alveus, fimbria, and fornix. The cortex adjacent to the hippocampus is known as the entorhinal area; it is present along the whole length of the parahippocampal gyrus [21]. The subiculum is a transitional zone between the ...
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47The OFC is considered anatomically synonymous with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the magnocellular, medial nucleus of the mediodorsal thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion and reward in decision making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of both humans and non-human primates. A related area is found in rodents.