Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... Medial prefrontal cortices in primates have been associated with emotion, memory, and complex cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether the pattern of cortical connections could indicate whether the medial prefrontal cortex constitutes a homogeneous region, or if it can be parceled into dist ...
... Medial prefrontal cortices in primates have been associated with emotion, memory, and complex cognitive processes. Here we investigated whether the pattern of cortical connections could indicate whether the medial prefrontal cortex constitutes a homogeneous region, or if it can be parceled into dist ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... connections within laminae 2 and 3A constitute a previously unsuspected cortical substructure, distinct from the well-organized cortical inhomogeneities imposed by extrinsic thalamic or corticocortical interareal connections. Moreover, in the tree shrew this anatomically labeled pat- ...
... connections within laminae 2 and 3A constitute a previously unsuspected cortical substructure, distinct from the well-organized cortical inhomogeneities imposed by extrinsic thalamic or corticocortical interareal connections. Moreover, in the tree shrew this anatomically labeled pat- ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... cortex, where each unit’s RTF was weighted equally. Composite tMTFs and sMTFs were then derived from the composite RTF. Spectrotemporal asymmetry or nonseparability in the STRF, such as frequency sweep selectivity, was measured in the RTF domain. Nonseparability is a special case of spectrotemporal ...
... cortex, where each unit’s RTF was weighted equally. Composite tMTFs and sMTFs were then derived from the composite RTF. Spectrotemporal asymmetry or nonseparability in the STRF, such as frequency sweep selectivity, was measured in the RTF domain. Nonseparability is a special case of spectrotemporal ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI performed by Iacoboni et al. (1999) found this area during ...
... role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI performed by Iacoboni et al. (1999) found this area during ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... different layers when they project to two structurally disparate areas? For example, do limbic areas issue projections from neurons in their deep layers when they project to eulaminate areas as well as when they communicate with each other? What is the pattern of connection between eulaminate areas ...
... different layers when they project to two structurally disparate areas? For example, do limbic areas issue projections from neurons in their deep layers when they project to eulaminate areas as well as when they communicate with each other? What is the pattern of connection between eulaminate areas ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... Behavioral paradigm. Two male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), 7 and 9 kg, were used in the present experiments. Although the motor tasks for the two monkeys were somewhat different, the basic behavioral patterns were comparable. The description of methods and results will focus on one of these anim ...
... Behavioral paradigm. Two male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), 7 and 9 kg, were used in the present experiments. Although the motor tasks for the two monkeys were somewhat different, the basic behavioral patterns were comparable. The description of methods and results will focus on one of these anim ...
BMC Neuroscience
... is a determinant of the existence and relative laminar origin of ipsilateral corticocortical connections [13,14]. In an alternative hypothesis, the pattern of connections depends on the cortical type of the linked areas [15]. Categorical types of cortices can be determined by the number of cortical ...
... is a determinant of the existence and relative laminar origin of ipsilateral corticocortical connections [13,14]. In an alternative hypothesis, the pattern of connections depends on the cortical type of the linked areas [15]. Categorical types of cortices can be determined by the number of cortical ...
IV. Model Application: the UAV Autonomous Learning in Unknown
... cortex (PFC) [34] and is associated with reward information representation [8, 21, 22] in decision-making and reinforcement learning. A more comprehensive basal ganglia model including the OFC and the amygdala is developed in this paper. The OFC in our model receives the relative magnitude of reinfo ...
... cortex (PFC) [34] and is associated with reward information representation [8, 21, 22] in decision-making and reinforcement learning. A more comprehensive basal ganglia model including the OFC and the amygdala is developed in this paper. The OFC in our model receives the relative magnitude of reinfo ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... showed a specific loss of GABAergic interneurons in rostro- and caudolateral cortical regions but not in more medial areas. Unexpectedly, the adult cortex of cis-only mice displayed a complete loss of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons in discrete regions (PV holes) interspersed amon ...
... showed a specific loss of GABAergic interneurons in rostro- and caudolateral cortical regions but not in more medial areas. Unexpectedly, the adult cortex of cis-only mice displayed a complete loss of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons in discrete regions (PV holes) interspersed amon ...
Human and Rodent Homologies in Action Control - Research
... Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus–response associations. ...
... Recent behavioral studies in both humans and rodents have found evidence that performance in decision-making tasks depends on two different learning processes; one encoding the relationship between actions and their consequences and a second involving the formation of stimulus–response associations. ...
- Hayden Lab
... (r = 0.218, p = 0.006) (Figure 4B). We confirmed the significance of this correlation using a bootstrap correlation test (p = 0.0061; see Experimental Procedures). To match the criteria used above, these analyses do not include trials with safe options; however, if we repeat the analysis but include ...
... (r = 0.218, p = 0.006) (Figure 4B). We confirmed the significance of this correlation using a bootstrap correlation test (p = 0.0061; see Experimental Procedures). To match the criteria used above, these analyses do not include trials with safe options; however, if we repeat the analysis but include ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... according to their preferred or ‘best’ frequency. In contrast, neurons in non-primary areas can differ in their frequency organization, response latencies, and spatial and spectral integration properties. Indeed, systematic variations in these response properties have been used as a basis for segreg ...
... according to their preferred or ‘best’ frequency. In contrast, neurons in non-primary areas can differ in their frequency organization, response latencies, and spatial and spectral integration properties. Indeed, systematic variations in these response properties have been used as a basis for segreg ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... Neurons were found in the rhesus macaque anterior orbitofrontal cortex that respond to novel but not to familiar visual stimuli. Some of these neurons responded to all novel stimuli, and others to only a subset (e.g., to novel faces). The neurons have no responses to familiar reward- or punishment-a ...
... Neurons were found in the rhesus macaque anterior orbitofrontal cortex that respond to novel but not to familiar visual stimuli. Some of these neurons responded to all novel stimuli, and others to only a subset (e.g., to novel faces). The neurons have no responses to familiar reward- or punishment-a ...
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early
... young monkeys and mechanistic work demonstrates that the central (Ce) nucleus of the amygdala is an important substrate. Although it is widely believed that the flow of information across the structural network connecting the Ce nucleus to other brain regions underlies primates’ capacity for flexibly ...
... young monkeys and mechanistic work demonstrates that the central (Ce) nucleus of the amygdala is an important substrate. Although it is widely believed that the flow of information across the structural network connecting the Ce nucleus to other brain regions underlies primates’ capacity for flexibly ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... termed conditional motor learning or conditional visual discrimination, monkeys must learn to associate a stimulus with a motor or spatial response. For example, a blue cube might instruct the monkey to move a joystick to the right, whereas a red cylinder instructs a movement to the left. The animal ...
... termed conditional motor learning or conditional visual discrimination, monkeys must learn to associate a stimulus with a motor or spatial response. For example, a blue cube might instruct the monkey to move a joystick to the right, whereas a red cylinder instructs a movement to the left. The animal ...
the amygdala and reward
... termed conditional motor learning or conditional visual discrimination, monkeys must learn to associate a stimulus with a motor or spatial response. For example, a blue cube might instruct the monkey to move a joystick to the right, whereas a red cylinder instructs a movement to the left. The animal ...
... termed conditional motor learning or conditional visual discrimination, monkeys must learn to associate a stimulus with a motor or spatial response. For example, a blue cube might instruct the monkey to move a joystick to the right, whereas a red cylinder instructs a movement to the left. The animal ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
... The comparison of juvenile and adult connections is complicated by variations with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons wel ...
... The comparison of juvenile and adult connections is complicated by variations with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons wel ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... it appears that patterned input from the lateral geniculate nucleus to layer 4 provides the basis for orientation selectivity (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962; Ferster and Miller, 2000), neurons in layer 4C of primate V1 are insensitive to stimulus orientation. Instead, sharp orientation tuning is found in l ...
... it appears that patterned input from the lateral geniculate nucleus to layer 4 provides the basis for orientation selectivity (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962; Ferster and Miller, 2000), neurons in layer 4C of primate V1 are insensitive to stimulus orientation. Instead, sharp orientation tuning is found in l ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... from the fast, restricted signalling of reward and some attention-inducing stimuli to the slower processing of a range of positive and negative motivational events. The tonic gating of a large variety of motor, cognitive and motivational processes that are disrupted in Parkinson’s disease are also m ...
... from the fast, restricted signalling of reward and some attention-inducing stimuli to the slower processing of a range of positive and negative motivational events. The tonic gating of a large variety of motor, cognitive and motivational processes that are disrupted in Parkinson’s disease are also m ...
Changes in emotion after circumscribed surgical
... et al., 1994, 1998, 1999; Rolls et al., 1994; Hornak et al., 1996; Lane et al., 1997a, b, 1998; Phillips et al., 1998; Blair et al., 1999; Blood et al., 1999; Morris et al., 1999; Rolls, 1999a, 2000, 2002; O'Doherty et al., 2001; Hadland et al., 2003), as described below. Patients with large bilater ...
... et al., 1994, 1998, 1999; Rolls et al., 1994; Hornak et al., 1996; Lane et al., 1997a, b, 1998; Phillips et al., 1998; Blair et al., 1999; Blood et al., 1999; Morris et al., 1999; Rolls, 1999a, 2000, 2002; O'Doherty et al., 2001; Hadland et al., 2003), as described below. Patients with large bilater ...
[PDF]
... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
K. Lutz, M. Widmer
... results corroborate the finding that unexpected rewards activate, among other regions, the medial prefrontal cortex. They also showed that unexpected omission of rewards activates a distinct region of the medial prefrontal cortex, more anterior to the aforementioned areas. Negative outcomes in these ...
... results corroborate the finding that unexpected rewards activate, among other regions, the medial prefrontal cortex. They also showed that unexpected omission of rewards activates a distinct region of the medial prefrontal cortex, more anterior to the aforementioned areas. Negative outcomes in these ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... DeAmicisZo”), and thus deafferentation might not significantly influence the interpretation of studies using the method of retrograde cell degeneration. There are, however, a number of difficulties which should be kept in mind when considering the results of retrograde degeneration studies. One of t ...
... DeAmicisZo”), and thus deafferentation might not significantly influence the interpretation of studies using the method of retrograde cell degeneration. There are, however, a number of difficulties which should be kept in mind when considering the results of retrograde degeneration studies. One of t ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... stimulation of the body, and these medially-located structures are collectively referred to as the medial pain system. These include the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei (MITN), which project to the limbic cortex, the periaqueductal grey, the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)6 ...
... stimulation of the body, and these medially-located structures are collectively referred to as the medial pain system. These include the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei (MITN), which project to the limbic cortex, the periaqueductal grey, the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)6 ...
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making. In non-human primates it consists of the association cortex areas Brodmann area 11, 12 and 13; in humans it consists of Brodmann area 10, 11 and 47The OFC is considered anatomically synonymous with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Therefore the region is distinguished due to the distinct neural connections and the distinct functions it performs. It is defined as the part of the prefrontal cortex that receives projections from the magnocellular, medial nucleus of the mediodorsal thalamus, and is thought to represent emotion and reward in decision making. It gets its name from its position immediately above the orbits in which the eyes are located. Considerable individual variability has been found in the OFC of both humans and non-human primates. A related area is found in rodents.