The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... INPUT TO OREXIN NEURONS ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF NEURONAL INPUT TO OREXIN NEURONS ...
... INPUT TO OREXIN NEURONS ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF NEURONAL INPUT TO OREXIN NEURONS ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and so ...
... Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and so ...
Supplementary Information (doc 1146K)
... following a generalized PPI approach (McLaren et al. 2012). The PPI analysis measures the extent to which regions are differentially correlated during a given task or between subjects. We used ROI-based "seeds" for Left Hippocampus and Left Temporal Pole from the same atlas used in the main text, an ...
... following a generalized PPI approach (McLaren et al. 2012). The PPI analysis measures the extent to which regions are differentially correlated during a given task or between subjects. We used ROI-based "seeds" for Left Hippocampus and Left Temporal Pole from the same atlas used in the main text, an ...
The central nervous system.
... As in all vertebrates, the only primary sensory receptor cells in teleosts are located in the olfactory mucosa, i.e., the axons of these cells represent the primary olfactory projections (fila olfactoria, olfactory nerve) and reach the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulbs.172 The number of glomer ...
... As in all vertebrates, the only primary sensory receptor cells in teleosts are located in the olfactory mucosa, i.e., the axons of these cells represent the primary olfactory projections (fila olfactoria, olfactory nerve) and reach the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulbs.172 The number of glomer ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... Batra, Ranjan and Douglas C. Fitzpatrick. Discharge patterns of neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to ...
... Batra, Ranjan and Douglas C. Fitzpatrick. Discharge patterns of neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... MeCP2 is an abundant chromatin-associated protein, but how and when its absence begins to alter brain function is still far from clear. Using a stem cell-based system allowing the synchronous differentiation of neuronal progenitors, we found that in the absence of MeCP2, the size of neuronal nuclei ...
... MeCP2 is an abundant chromatin-associated protein, but how and when its absence begins to alter brain function is still far from clear. Using a stem cell-based system allowing the synchronous differentiation of neuronal progenitors, we found that in the absence of MeCP2, the size of neuronal nuclei ...
Nap, a Novel Member of the Pentraxin Family, Promotes Neurite
... The mature CNS exhibits the capacity to alter cellular interactions as a function of the activity of specific neuronal circuits. This capacity is believed to underlie learning and memory as well as aspects of postnatal development of the brain (Shatz, 1990). Cellular mechanisms underlying activity-d ...
... The mature CNS exhibits the capacity to alter cellular interactions as a function of the activity of specific neuronal circuits. This capacity is believed to underlie learning and memory as well as aspects of postnatal development of the brain (Shatz, 1990). Cellular mechanisms underlying activity-d ...
and Reflective Learning Practices
... the body is invaluable in their practices in that it provides them much feedback on which to reflect. They shared examples of how, when they in fact ignored their bodies, they found they did not make the best decisions, and even may have caused harm to their clients. (Sodhi, 2006, p. 203) My third e ...
... the body is invaluable in their practices in that it provides them much feedback on which to reflect. They shared examples of how, when they in fact ignored their bodies, they found they did not make the best decisions, and even may have caused harm to their clients. (Sodhi, 2006, p. 203) My third e ...
Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... various sensations as taste, the perception of pain, intestinal tension, itch, dyspnoea and temperature3. The integration of these interoceptive feelings are crucial for the establishing of the ‘self’ as it forms the link between cognitive and emotional processes and the current state of the body3. ...
... various sensations as taste, the perception of pain, intestinal tension, itch, dyspnoea and temperature3. The integration of these interoceptive feelings are crucial for the establishing of the ‘self’ as it forms the link between cognitive and emotional processes and the current state of the body3. ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... directly to the cortex and is not initially relayed to the thalamus. Lastly, cortical olfactory areas are phylogenetically older than other sensory cortical areas. This implies both an anatomical and functional proximity to the limbic system that is much closer than other sensory modalities.” (Brewe ...
... directly to the cortex and is not initially relayed to the thalamus. Lastly, cortical olfactory areas are phylogenetically older than other sensory cortical areas. This implies both an anatomical and functional proximity to the limbic system that is much closer than other sensory modalities.” (Brewe ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... Abstract Aithough evidence has suggested a dual role of the basal forebrain (BF) in arousai and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sl ...
... Abstract Aithough evidence has suggested a dual role of the basal forebrain (BF) in arousai and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sl ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... Magoun defined the concept of a nonspecific ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) responsible for cortical activation following their discovery that electrical stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation suppressed highamplitude EEG waves in the cortex. Finally, following the discovery o ...
... Magoun defined the concept of a nonspecific ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) responsible for cortical activation following their discovery that electrical stimulation of the brainstem reticular formation suppressed highamplitude EEG waves in the cortex. Finally, following the discovery o ...
The medial geniculate, not the amygdala, as the root of auditory fear
... 3.3. Experimental support for the AMYG model The AMYG model has been presented in numerous reviews (e.g., Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; LeDoux, 1990, 1992, 1993a, 1994, 1995, 2000; LeDoux and Muller, 1997; Maren, 2001; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Rodrigues et al., 2009). The major fi ...
... 3.3. Experimental support for the AMYG model The AMYG model has been presented in numerous reviews (e.g., Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; LeDoux, 1990, 1992, 1993a, 1994, 1995, 2000; LeDoux and Muller, 1997; Maren, 2001; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Rodrigues et al., 2009). The major fi ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
... system has many connections to other brain areas and is thought to be involved in action understanding and empathy. Another possibility, which is the main topic of this thesis, is that it is also involved in certain types of learning. Mirror neurons mainly seem to code for the goals of observed acti ...
... system has many connections to other brain areas and is thought to be involved in action understanding and empathy. Another possibility, which is the main topic of this thesis, is that it is also involved in certain types of learning. Mirror neurons mainly seem to code for the goals of observed acti ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... Brain dysfunction caused by brain injury, sensory deprivation, or motor disability can severely affect human life. Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt to environmental changes or brain damage. This plasticity helps the brain to restore the loss of function and operates in sensory, m ...
... Brain dysfunction caused by brain injury, sensory deprivation, or motor disability can severely affect human life. Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt to environmental changes or brain damage. This plasticity helps the brain to restore the loss of function and operates in sensory, m ...
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... thalamocortical system. Spindle waves are by far the best understood type of rhythmicity in this system, in part because they can be enhanced by anesthetics such as barbiturates (8, 81). The thalamic origin of spindles was first suggested by Bishop (28), who observed the suppression of rhythmic acti ...
... thalamocortical system. Spindle waves are by far the best understood type of rhythmicity in this system, in part because they can be enhanced by anesthetics such as barbiturates (8, 81). The thalamic origin of spindles was first suggested by Bishop (28), who observed the suppression of rhythmic acti ...
Magnitude of the Object Recognition Deficit
... lesions in all 20 perirhinal animals. Coronal sections were viewed on a Leica DMRB microscope, photographed using an Olympus DP70 camera and the images transferred to a computer. Lesion measurements were carried out using the program analySISD̂ (Soft-Imaging Systems). A set of three bilateral, stand ...
... lesions in all 20 perirhinal animals. Coronal sections were viewed on a Leica DMRB microscope, photographed using an Olympus DP70 camera and the images transferred to a computer. Lesion measurements were carried out using the program analySISD̂ (Soft-Imaging Systems). A set of three bilateral, stand ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... each set of centroids into this common space (see Materials and Methods). By aligning brains with different genetically defined populations of neurons labeled, we were able to determine the boundaries of major brain regions in this reference space in three dimensions. This strategy for analysis mirr ...
... each set of centroids into this common space (see Materials and Methods). By aligning brains with different genetically defined populations of neurons labeled, we were able to determine the boundaries of major brain regions in this reference space in three dimensions. This strategy for analysis mirr ...
Significance of the cranial neural crest
... arches is split by the formation of the pharyngeal pouches. In keeping with this view, it has been shown that, if the neural crest is ablated, through removal of the neural tube before crest production, pharyngeal arches do form and are regionalised (Veitch et al., 1999). In normal pharyngeal arches ...
... arches is split by the formation of the pharyngeal pouches. In keeping with this view, it has been shown that, if the neural crest is ablated, through removal of the neural tube before crest production, pharyngeal arches do form and are regionalised (Veitch et al., 1999). In normal pharyngeal arches ...
Traveling Theta Waves along the Entire
... (septal) to intermediate sites of the CA1 layer (Figures 2E, 3F, and S3). Theta waves were phase shifted by approximately a half cycle, i.e., 180 between the septal and ventral (temporal) sites (Figures 3F, 3G, and S4). Theta oscillations were less regular, lower in amplitude, and more intermittent ...
... (septal) to intermediate sites of the CA1 layer (Figures 2E, 3F, and S3). Theta waves were phase shifted by approximately a half cycle, i.e., 180 between the septal and ventral (temporal) sites (Figures 3F, 3G, and S4). Theta oscillations were less regular, lower in amplitude, and more intermittent ...
Effect of Spatial Attention on the Responses of Area MT Neurons
... a weak response when the attended target moved in the null direction even though the visual stimulus display was identical in both cases. These findings were quite novel because earlier studies in several laboratories, including ours, using a variety of behavioral paradigms, failed to find substanti ...
... a weak response when the attended target moved in the null direction even though the visual stimulus display was identical in both cases. These findings were quite novel because earlier studies in several laboratories, including ours, using a variety of behavioral paradigms, failed to find substanti ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... 34. During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting potential, t ...
... 34. During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron. a) positive compared to Correct. There are more positively charged ions inside the cell than outside. b) larger than c) negative compared to Incorrect. During resting potential, t ...
Functional Microarchitecture of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... to artificial and more complex stimuli of pairs or triplets of nearby neurons, which were situated in the same cortical “column” in cat primary visual cortex, and to relate the fingerprint of the neurons’ responses to that of the local field potential (LFP) recorded in close vicinity. We found that ...
... to artificial and more complex stimuli of pairs or triplets of nearby neurons, which were situated in the same cortical “column” in cat primary visual cortex, and to relate the fingerprint of the neurons’ responses to that of the local field potential (LFP) recorded in close vicinity. We found that ...
Mapping From Motor Cortex to Biceps and Triceps Altered By Elbow
... elbow is fixed in a flexed angle. Sites at intermediate locations should be associated with intermediate goal angles. In this case, stimulation of the same site in cortex with the same parameters should evoke greater activity in one or another muscle depending on arm position. Greater triceps activi ...
... elbow is fixed in a flexed angle. Sites at intermediate locations should be associated with intermediate goal angles. In this case, stimulation of the same site in cortex with the same parameters should evoke greater activity in one or another muscle depending on arm position. Greater triceps activi ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.