The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... 5-HT2A-R agonist DOI (Celada et al., 2008), markedly disrupt cortical function in rodents. increasing pyramidal neuron discharge and reducing low frequency cortical oscillations (LFCO) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (see (Celada et al., 2013) for review). Here we examined the effects of 5-MeO-DM ...
... 5-HT2A-R agonist DOI (Celada et al., 2008), markedly disrupt cortical function in rodents. increasing pyramidal neuron discharge and reducing low frequency cortical oscillations (LFCO) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (see (Celada et al., 2013) for review). Here we examined the effects of 5-MeO-DM ...
NEURAL ACTIVITY RELATED TO ANTICIPATED REWARD:
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
Cerebral cortical hypoplasia with abnormal morphology of pyramidal
... Captured images of three distinct cortical areas, i.e., the primary motor cortex (M1), barrel field of primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF) and primary visual cortex (V1), which were defined in the SMI-32 immunostained sections with reference to the Atlas of Paxinos and Franklin (2004), were converte ...
... Captured images of three distinct cortical areas, i.e., the primary motor cortex (M1), barrel field of primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF) and primary visual cortex (V1), which were defined in the SMI-32 immunostained sections with reference to the Atlas of Paxinos and Franklin (2004), were converte ...
ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
... color coding is included after the list of illustrations.) Much of the subject matter’s difficulty is terminology — complex, difficult to spell, sometimes inconsistent, with a Latin base, and sometimes with names of individuals (used often by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists). A gl ...
... color coding is included after the list of illustrations.) Much of the subject matter’s difficulty is terminology — complex, difficult to spell, sometimes inconsistent, with a Latin base, and sometimes with names of individuals (used often by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists). A gl ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... Systemic administration of nicotine has been shown to increase locomotor activity in rats, an effect which is enhanced by chronic pretreatment with the drug. Furthermore, administration of nicotine either systemically, or locally within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), increases extracellular level ...
... Systemic administration of nicotine has been shown to increase locomotor activity in rats, an effect which is enhanced by chronic pretreatment with the drug. Furthermore, administration of nicotine either systemically, or locally within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), increases extracellular level ...
Neural Mapping of Direction and Frequency in
... mechanical microscope stage. The neuron is moved under the microscope so that its branches are traced under a video cursor, superimposed over a frame-grabbed video image of the tissue. Movements of the microscope stage are monitored by linear encoders mounted to the stage, each encoder having a reso ...
... mechanical microscope stage. The neuron is moved under the microscope so that its branches are traced under a video cursor, superimposed over a frame-grabbed video image of the tissue. Movements of the microscope stage are monitored by linear encoders mounted to the stage, each encoder having a reso ...
Functions of the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT).
... velocity for targets presented in the related portion of the visual field (Newsome et al. 1985). Lesions of the medial superior temporal cortex (MST) have also resulted in a parallel loss of pursuit and of the rapid component of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) (Yamasaki and Wurtz 1991). Activity in MST ...
... velocity for targets presented in the related portion of the visual field (Newsome et al. 1985). Lesions of the medial superior temporal cortex (MST) have also resulted in a parallel loss of pursuit and of the rapid component of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) (Yamasaki and Wurtz 1991). Activity in MST ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
... ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSub). Studies show that these structures are involved in conditioned drug seeking (McFarland et al., 2003; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Sun and Rebec, 2003; Stefanik and Kalivas, 2013; Stefanik et al., 2013); however, recent evidence indicates that only subpopulat ...
... ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSub). Studies show that these structures are involved in conditioned drug seeking (McFarland et al., 2003; McLaughlin and See, 2003; Sun and Rebec, 2003; Stefanik and Kalivas, 2013; Stefanik et al., 2013); however, recent evidence indicates that only subpopulat ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Barnes & Asselman, 1991). However, this strategy is limited to conditions where target trajectory is predictable. In particular, it fails in all conditions where the target undergoes unpredictable changes in trajectory, as they cannot be anticipated by the subject. For instance, most people have pro ...
... Barnes & Asselman, 1991). However, this strategy is limited to conditions where target trajectory is predictable. In particular, it fails in all conditions where the target undergoes unpredictable changes in trajectory, as they cannot be anticipated by the subject. For instance, most people have pro ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
... the overall cell density could illuminate many questions about the processing and organization of physiological information in different systems. Recording the multi-unit activity of a small number of cells provides a reliable method for recording from multiple neurons that are relatively close toge ...
... the overall cell density could illuminate many questions about the processing and organization of physiological information in different systems. Recording the multi-unit activity of a small number of cells provides a reliable method for recording from multiple neurons that are relatively close toge ...
PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... Until now,no effective treatment for patients suffering from SCI has been discovered because the injury mechanism is very complicated. Furthermore no matter, given timely handling or not,the outcome of SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many e ...
... Until now,no effective treatment for patients suffering from SCI has been discovered because the injury mechanism is very complicated. Furthermore no matter, given timely handling or not,the outcome of SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many e ...
Learned Helplessness at Fifty: Insights From Neuroscience
... Dess, 1990; Weiss, 1971). Note that by this view there is no learning about uncontrollability or controllability, just Pavlovian processes and fear. As support, the addition of external stimuli such as a light or a tone occurring immediately after each INESC prevented the occurrence of later failure ...
... Dess, 1990; Weiss, 1971). Note that by this view there is no learning about uncontrollability or controllability, just Pavlovian processes and fear. As support, the addition of external stimuli such as a light or a tone occurring immediately after each INESC prevented the occurrence of later failure ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... et al., 2000; Beck et al., 2010) differences in avoidance susceptibility; however, WKY rats are a unique rodent, in that, they exhibit qualities of behavioral inhibition (low exploration of novel spaces and stimuli), but they also exhibit rapid acquisition of activeavoidance behavior, which they bec ...
... et al., 2000; Beck et al., 2010) differences in avoidance susceptibility; however, WKY rats are a unique rodent, in that, they exhibit qualities of behavioral inhibition (low exploration of novel spaces and stimuli), but they also exhibit rapid acquisition of activeavoidance behavior, which they bec ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... When we listen to a friend in a noisy café, the segregation between information and noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortic ...
... When we listen to a friend in a noisy café, the segregation between information and noise depends largely on the differences in neural level representations of the auditory inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortic ...
REM Sleep - Test Page
... might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 per day, compared with approximately 3000 in the rat. If these events are the correlates of REM sleep in the dolphin ...
... might be the cetacean equivalent of myoclonic jerks occurring in non-REM sleep is a difficult task. What is already clear is that very few such jerks occur, on the order of 10 to f 00 per day, compared with approximately 3000 in the rat. If these events are the correlates of REM sleep in the dolphin ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... the extreme diversity and open-mindedness of the Group for Neural Theory at Ecole Normale Supérieure really dened the type of research that I aim to develop. I also have a thought for the people who helped me during my other internships, and more particularly for Ed Smith and Scott Livingston who m ...
... the extreme diversity and open-mindedness of the Group for Neural Theory at Ecole Normale Supérieure really dened the type of research that I aim to develop. I also have a thought for the people who helped me during my other internships, and more particularly for Ed Smith and Scott Livingston who m ...
Linear visuomotor transformations in midbrain superior colliculus
... contributions from all recruited cells. The weights are thought to depend on two factors: (i) the fixed connection strength of a cell with the horizontal and vertical burst generators, which is completely determined by its location in the SC motor map, and (ii) the cell’s activity, which depends on ...
... contributions from all recruited cells. The weights are thought to depend on two factors: (i) the fixed connection strength of a cell with the horizontal and vertical burst generators, which is completely determined by its location in the SC motor map, and (ii) the cell’s activity, which depends on ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... recorded in at least 7 trials for each probability condition, and in this study it was subjected to further ...
... recorded in at least 7 trials for each probability condition, and in this study it was subjected to further ...
Cadherin Expression by Embryonic Divisions and
... et al., 2000; Yoon et al., 2000). In some cases, differential cadherin expression reflects an evolving functional differentiation within gray matter structures. Examples are the restricted expression of cadherins in subdivisions of the thalamic nucleus rotundus in the chicken (Redies et al., 2000) a ...
... et al., 2000; Yoon et al., 2000). In some cases, differential cadherin expression reflects an evolving functional differentiation within gray matter structures. Examples are the restricted expression of cadherins in subdivisions of the thalamic nucleus rotundus in the chicken (Redies et al., 2000) a ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... recruited onto a V2 VPM neuron [infraorbital nerve cut (IONC) model; Takeuchi et al., 2012]. Together with evidence accumulated in in vivo studies, we hypothesized that newly recruited lemniscal fibers originate from different sources, other than the whisker sensory principle trigeminal nucleus (PrV ...
... recruited onto a V2 VPM neuron [infraorbital nerve cut (IONC) model; Takeuchi et al., 2012]. Together with evidence accumulated in in vivo studies, we hypothesized that newly recruited lemniscal fibers originate from different sources, other than the whisker sensory principle trigeminal nucleus (PrV ...
Structure and Function of the Brain Serotonin System
... is a paramedian and median cluster of cells lying below and caudal to the SCD (Fig. 2). The group has a rostrocaudal oblique orientation (34,305), and the paramedian columns are separated by as much as 400 pm in cats and monkeys. Rostrally, the cells from this group end around and within the caudal ...
... is a paramedian and median cluster of cells lying below and caudal to the SCD (Fig. 2). The group has a rostrocaudal oblique orientation (34,305), and the paramedian columns are separated by as much as 400 pm in cats and monkeys. Rostrally, the cells from this group end around and within the caudal ...
Metabolic signals in sleep regulation: recent insights The Harvard
... the three most recognized peptides, orexin, leptin, and ghrelin, followed by a short summary of others that are included in Table 1. Orexin is important for both sleep-wake regulation as well as feeding and energy balance. Mainly expressed in the perifornical region of the lateral hypothalamus, orex ...
... the three most recognized peptides, orexin, leptin, and ghrelin, followed by a short summary of others that are included in Table 1. Orexin is important for both sleep-wake regulation as well as feeding and energy balance. Mainly expressed in the perifornical region of the lateral hypothalamus, orex ...
Zebrafish foxd3 is selectively required for neural crest specification
... originating from adjacent ectodermal and mesodermal tissues (Huang and Saint-Jeannet, 2004; Knecht and Bronner-Fraser, 2002). Neural plate border and/or neural crest cells co-express numerous transcription factors, including foxd3, snail/slug, sox10 and tfap2a, that have critical roles in neural cre ...
... originating from adjacent ectodermal and mesodermal tissues (Huang and Saint-Jeannet, 2004; Knecht and Bronner-Fraser, 2002). Neural plate border and/or neural crest cells co-express numerous transcription factors, including foxd3, snail/slug, sox10 and tfap2a, that have critical roles in neural cre ...
Running Head: ASSESSMENT OF PTSD AND mTBI in OIF/OEF
... as severe torsion and tensile forces. As described by Bigler (2001), neurons have a finite tolerance for such forces which may cause damage to neurons throughout the brain. This diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in moderate to severe TBI is likely to result in widespread cell death. While this can occur i ...
... as severe torsion and tensile forces. As described by Bigler (2001), neurons have a finite tolerance for such forces which may cause damage to neurons throughout the brain. This diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in moderate to severe TBI is likely to result in widespread cell death. While this can occur i ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.