Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non
... 1998; Gagnon et al., 2002; Grosbras et al., 2005; Koyama et al., 2004; Luna et al., 1998; Paus, 1996; Petit et al., 1997; Petit and Haxby, 1999). On the other hand, the few electrical stimulation studies available suggest that the FEF lies in a more ventral and rostral region, in the most posterior ...
... 1998; Gagnon et al., 2002; Grosbras et al., 2005; Koyama et al., 2004; Luna et al., 1998; Paus, 1996; Petit et al., 1997; Petit and Haxby, 1999). On the other hand, the few electrical stimulation studies available suggest that the FEF lies in a more ventral and rostral region, in the most posterior ...
Neuroanatomical correlates of the near response: voluntary
... This study identi®es brain regions participating in the execution of eye movements for voluntary positive accommodation (VPA) during open-loop vergence conditions. Neuronal activity was estimated by measurement of changes in regional cerebral blood ¯ow (rCBF) with positron emission tomography and 15 ...
... This study identi®es brain regions participating in the execution of eye movements for voluntary positive accommodation (VPA) during open-loop vergence conditions. Neuronal activity was estimated by measurement of changes in regional cerebral blood ¯ow (rCBF) with positron emission tomography and 15 ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... eye without changes in orientation or direction selectivity (Wiese1and Hubel, 1963); orientation or direction deprivation leads to changes in direction specificity without altering the balance of inputs from the 2 eyes (Blakemore and Van Sluyters, 1975; Berman and Daw, 1977). However, infusion of AP ...
... eye without changes in orientation or direction selectivity (Wiese1and Hubel, 1963); orientation or direction deprivation leads to changes in direction specificity without altering the balance of inputs from the 2 eyes (Blakemore and Van Sluyters, 1975; Berman and Daw, 1977). However, infusion of AP ...
Smooth Pursuit Impairment in Schizophrenia— What Does It Mean?
... of eye movement control, which receives the direct vestibular-nudear projection in the VOR arc, and the vestibulocerebellum (the flocculonodule), which receives ascending vestibular-apparatus fibers (Cohen 1971, 1974). Since smooth pursuit control converges with the vestibular pathways at both the p ...
... of eye movement control, which receives the direct vestibular-nudear projection in the VOR arc, and the vestibulocerebellum (the flocculonodule), which receives ascending vestibular-apparatus fibers (Cohen 1971, 1974). Since smooth pursuit control converges with the vestibular pathways at both the p ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... that any one would be identified for a saccade was decreased. The fixation period began with the onset of a fixation point located centrally on the screen. This was followed by a preselection period when the array of possible targets appeared. The selection period is indicated by the time in which t ...
... that any one would be identified for a saccade was decreased. The fixation period began with the onset of a fixation point located centrally on the screen. This was followed by a preselection period when the array of possible targets appeared. The selection period is indicated by the time in which t ...
Hubel 1977_Small
... the cortex. Thus it is not unfair to say that it is basically a one-synapse station. The axons that form the output of the geniculates pass back in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres to the striate cortex. The striate cortex is clearly more complicated, with at least 3 or 4 synapses interp ...
... the cortex. Thus it is not unfair to say that it is basically a one-synapse station. The axons that form the output of the geniculates pass back in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres to the striate cortex. The striate cortex is clearly more complicated, with at least 3 or 4 synapses interp ...
Chapter 3 Two parts of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi project to two
... The dorsolateral column of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a separate part of the PAG. Its afferent sources, efferent targets and neurochemical properties differ from the adjacent PAG columns. The dorsolateral PAG is thought to be associated with aversive behaviors, but it is not yet ...
... The dorsolateral column of the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a separate part of the PAG. Its afferent sources, efferent targets and neurochemical properties differ from the adjacent PAG columns. The dorsolateral PAG is thought to be associated with aversive behaviors, but it is not yet ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... (~15 to 30 Hz) frequency range (Fig. 2A, bottom) (3, 12). A simple coupled excitatory-inhibitory system as described here is useful for studying the response of early visual neurons to incoming visual stimuli. For instance, recordings of local field potentials show that increasing the contrast of a ...
... (~15 to 30 Hz) frequency range (Fig. 2A, bottom) (3, 12). A simple coupled excitatory-inhibitory system as described here is useful for studying the response of early visual neurons to incoming visual stimuli. For instance, recordings of local field potentials show that increasing the contrast of a ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to Temporal Cortex in Primates ...
... Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to Temporal Cortex in Primates ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... For single section analysis 1--4 pieces of tissue were cut from layer I from each case (total = 8 in 5 cases), and 1--3 pieces from the middle layers (total = 8 in 5 cases), representative of the labeling in area Ts1 (cases AY, BG, BC, BA), or in area Ts3 (case BF). The sites sampled from architecto ...
... For single section analysis 1--4 pieces of tissue were cut from layer I from each case (total = 8 in 5 cases), and 1--3 pieces from the middle layers (total = 8 in 5 cases), representative of the labeling in area Ts1 (cases AY, BG, BC, BA), or in area Ts3 (case BF). The sites sampled from architecto ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... McPeek, Robert M., and Edward L. Keller. Saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during a visual search task. J Neurophysiol 88: 2019 –2034, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00181.2002. Because realworld scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many ...
... McPeek, Robert M., and Edward L. Keller. Saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during a visual search task. J Neurophysiol 88: 2019 –2034, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00181.2002. Because realworld scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... Two areas within the frontal lobes play important roles in eye movement control. One area resides laterally and is known as the frontal eye field ŽFEF.. The other resides medially and dorsally and is often termed the supplementary eye field Žsee Schall w230x.. As will become clear from this review, ...
... Two areas within the frontal lobes play important roles in eye movement control. One area resides laterally and is known as the frontal eye field ŽFEF.. The other resides medially and dorsally and is often termed the supplementary eye field Žsee Schall w230x.. As will become clear from this review, ...
Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement
... motion in the opposite direction becomes correspondingly larger. The model exploits the compensatory nature of such background whole-field motion, computed in MSTd, by adding it to those MSTv cells that compute predicted target speed in the opposite direction. In addition, corollary discharge signal ...
... motion in the opposite direction becomes correspondingly larger. The model exploits the compensatory nature of such background whole-field motion, computed in MSTd, by adding it to those MSTv cells that compute predicted target speed in the opposite direction. In addition, corollary discharge signal ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... inclusive, attempting to describe features common among a group of patients with similar symptoms, whereas scientific studies tend to be exclusive, focusing on one or a few differences between experimental and control subjects. Finally, basic scientists often study saccades in several species (e.g. ...
... inclusive, attempting to describe features common among a group of patients with similar symptoms, whereas scientific studies tend to be exclusive, focusing on one or a few differences between experimental and control subjects. Finally, basic scientists often study saccades in several species (e.g. ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to discuss possible mechanisms how parietal and frontal areas ...
... and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to discuss possible mechanisms how parietal and frontal areas ...
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... separation of cortex into discrete areas that emphasize different information domains. It can also explain the continuous maps that form within cortical areas. The reason why the cortex is organized according to proximity is not known, but several plausible explanations can be advanced. One is that ...
... separation of cortex into discrete areas that emphasize different information domains. It can also explain the continuous maps that form within cortical areas. The reason why the cortex is organized according to proximity is not known, but several plausible explanations can be advanced. One is that ...
A perceptual representation in the frontal eye field during covert
... Neuronal activity in the frontal eye field (FEF) identifies locations of behaviorally important objects for guiding attention and eye movements. We recorded neural activity in the FEF of monkeys trained to manually turn a lever towards the location of a pop-out target of a visual search array withou ...
... Neuronal activity in the frontal eye field (FEF) identifies locations of behaviorally important objects for guiding attention and eye movements. We recorded neural activity in the FEF of monkeys trained to manually turn a lever towards the location of a pop-out target of a visual search array withou ...
The Circuitry of V1 and V2 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... and V2 are not feature detectors, although they can detect features. We shy away from functional assignations and simply describe receptive field properties, recognizing that the most apt stimulus may not yet be known. It is still early in the exploration of the visual cortex and many fundamental pre ...
... and V2 are not feature detectors, although they can detect features. We shy away from functional assignations and simply describe receptive field properties, recognizing that the most apt stimulus may not yet be known. It is still early in the exploration of the visual cortex and many fundamental pre ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... parietal cortex involved in the generation of eye movements carry signals that are related to this evidence integration. Their activity increases when the evidence favors an eye movement towards their receptive field and decreases if the evidence favors a saccade to a different direction (Yang & Sha ...
... parietal cortex involved in the generation of eye movements carry signals that are related to this evidence integration. Their activity increases when the evidence favors an eye movement towards their receptive field and decreases if the evidence favors a saccade to a different direction (Yang & Sha ...
Cortical and subcortical afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
... design of future physiological studies would benefit greatly from a better understanding of the anatomic details. What are needed are injections of tract tracers into the pons to show possible cortical and subcortical afferent sources that previously have not been apparent in “top–down”, cortico-cen ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... R-283, images for nearly-adjacent fields were obtained sequentially until the whole IC was covered; for case R-1119 fields were more sparse but still evenly distributed over the IC slice. Each field was numbered and assigned approximate (x, y) coordinates according to a calibrated Cartesian space with ...
... R-283, images for nearly-adjacent fields were obtained sequentially until the whole IC was covered; for case R-1119 fields were more sparse but still evenly distributed over the IC slice. Each field was numbered and assigned approximate (x, y) coordinates according to a calibrated Cartesian space with ...
Weber et al. - 2000
... through the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. In primates, the LGN comprises six distinct layers of neurons, each receiving input from a single eye. The two ventral layers contain relatively large neurons and are referred to as the magnocellular (M) layers, whereas the four dorsal l ...
... through the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. In primates, the LGN comprises six distinct layers of neurons, each receiving input from a single eye. The two ventral layers contain relatively large neurons and are referred to as the magnocellular (M) layers, whereas the four dorsal l ...
Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... across areas. In some areas (motor and limbic), the modularity can be visualized by both zinc and PV. In other areas (i.e. primary sensory, sensory associational and prefrontal areas 46 and 8), although PV immunohistochemisty shows a periodic distribution, there is no detectable Zn+ modularity. Thes ...
... across areas. In some areas (motor and limbic), the modularity can be visualized by both zinc and PV. In other areas (i.e. primary sensory, sensory associational and prefrontal areas 46 and 8), although PV immunohistochemisty shows a periodic distribution, there is no detectable Zn+ modularity. Thes ...
Descending Pathways in Motor Control
... Schematic representations of the distributions of the corticospinal fibers and the fibers belonging to group A (ventromedial) and group B (dorsolateral) brainstem pathways, according to the scheme proposed by Kuypers (1981). On the right, Group A fibers (reticulospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal) ar ...
... Schematic representations of the distributions of the corticospinal fibers and the fibers belonging to group A (ventromedial) and group B (dorsolateral) brainstem pathways, according to the scheme proposed by Kuypers (1981). On the right, Group A fibers (reticulospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal) ar ...
Superior colliculus
The superior colliculus, (Latin, upper hill) is a paired structure of the mammalian midbrain. In other vertebrates this is known as the optic tectum or simply tectum, and the adjective tectal may also be used. The superior colliculus forms a major component of the midbrain. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that varies by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems. The deep layers are motor-related, capable of activating eye movements as well as other responses. There are also intermediate layers, with multi-sensory cells and motor properties.The general function of the tectal system is to direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric (""body-centered"") space. Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world in retinotopic coordinates, and activation of neurons at a particular point in the map evokes a response directed toward the corresponding point in space. In primates, the superior colliculus has been studied mainly with respect to its role in directing eye movements. Visual input from the retina, or ""command"" input from the cerebral cortex, create a ""bump"" of activity in the tectal map, which, if strong enough, induces a saccadic eye movement. Even in primates, however, the tectum is also involved in generating spatially directed head turns, arm-reaching movements, and shifts in attention that do not involve any overt movements. In other species, the tectum is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats, swimming fishes, or flying birds; tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs; fang-strikes in snakes; etc.In some vertebrates, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum (""superior colliculus"") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It remains nonetheless important in terms of function as the primary integrating center for eye movements.Note on terminology: This article follows terminology established in the literature for the analogous structure in mammals/non-mammals (see above), using the term ""superior colliculus"" when discussing mammals and ""optic tectum"" when discussing either specific non-mammalian species or vertebrates in general.