Download Middle Ages - guided notes

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Name____________
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Fill in the blanks as we do the notes off the power point. These will be your notes and will be turned in after
your test for a grade. If you miss class, you are responsible for catching up by getting the notes online, or
before or after school. Make sure to do the section summaries and write questions on the left side of the notes
whenever you see an (*) asterisk!!!
The Early & High Middle Ages
Part 1:
Early Middle Ages
1. Timeframe:
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2. Important people:
___________________________________________________
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3. Important places:
___________________________________________________
4. Important
___________________________________________________
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The Germanic Kingdoms
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Riddled with social, economic, and political problems, the territories in the Roman
empire fell from invasions.
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*When Rome fell in 476 CE, Germanic invaders carved up Western Europe into small
kingdoms.
o
_________________ = _____________________________________
o
_________________ = _____________________________________
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Ostrogoths = In Italy
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Anglo-Saxons = England
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_________________ = _______________________________ Roman Empire
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Only one German Kingdom proved ____________________ ….___________________
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*Frankish Kingdom was established by ___________________
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Strong military leader
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_________ Germanic ruler to ________________________________ (500 CE)
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Gained the support of Roman Catholic Church
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*Made ____________________ part of European society by settling them and
_____________________________ them to Christianity.
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By 510, Clovis had created a powerful new _________________________that
stretched from the Pyrenees in the SW (in ____________________________)
to modern day France & W. _______________________.
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The Muslim World
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By ______________________________& was an increasingly _____________
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Muslim armies overran Palestine, N. Africa, & Spain
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As the Islamic caliphates pushed over the Pyrenees Mts in Spain & deeper into
_________________, they were _________________ by…
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*________________________________________________________
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This is significant b/c it ______________________________________
Age of Charlemagne
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*In the 800s, ______________________________________________ much of Europe
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Set up a strong efficient gov’t model
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He _________________________________________________
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Extended Christian civilization into N. Europe
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Further blended German, Roman, & Christian traditions
After Charlemagne ________________, his heirs battled for power
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In 843, they __________________ the empire into ______ regions
Feudalism & the Manor Economy
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*Feudalism is a social system based on mutual _____________________ between
lords, vassals & serfs.
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*Feudalism emerged b/c people needed ______________________ from competing
interests and invasions.
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Feudalism created a strict _____________________ in medieval society.
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*The heart of feudalism – vassalage, which meant warriors swore loyalty to a lord,
who in turn took care of their needs.
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*____________________ adopted a code of conduct called ____________________
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Which required them to be brave, __________________ , & true to their word
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In warfare to fight fairly and be generous to their enemies
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Rules in chivalry applied to nobles only (not commoners).
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Name____________
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_____________________ made up the ____________________ of medieval society
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They lived and worked on the lord’s estate or manor
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Most peasants on the manor were serfs & ___________________ to the land
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In theory they were ______________________________ food, housing &land.
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*Daily life
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Avg life span was _________ yrs
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Everyone worked
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________________________ or learning
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Simple diet of black bread & few veggies
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Believed in elves, fairies, love potions, and magic charms
Priests tried to Christianize them
The Medieval Church

After the fall of Rome, the Christian Church ___________ into ____________________
churches. The western church, became known as the Roman Catholic Church
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*It was the most _____________________________ secular force in medieval Europe
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The _____________ claimed ______________________ over _________ men
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Taught all men were sinners & ___________ unless saved through Sacraments
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Taught that men and women were ___________________________________
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But on Earth women were _______________________ to men
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Had it’s own law and courts (________________________________)
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*Could _________________________ violators – exclusion from the Roman
Catholic Church as penalty for refusing to obey Church laws.
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Nobles and Kings could be _________________________– excommunicate an
entire region, town, or kingdom.
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The Church was the Center of Daily Life
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*____________________ & _______________________ performed a vital cultural
function by ___________________ the ____________________ of the ancient world.
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*____________________________ rule 530AD
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Oath of ________________________________
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Vows of ________________________________
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Obedience to the abbot
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
Hard work was of spiritual value
As the Church became stronger and _______________, it also became _____________
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Clergy tended to be worldly and lived in ______________________
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Monks and nuns ignored their vows
The Eastern Roman Empire / The Byzantine Empire

*Capital city: ________________________________
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_________________ & _________________ _________________ in Constantinople
due to its location as a meeting point between India/Asia & Europe.
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*____________________________ – most notable emperor in 552
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Restored Roman empire during his reign. From N. Africa to Asia Minor.
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Most important contribution – ___________________ ____________ _______
which became the basis for much of the legal system in Europe
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Greatest achievement – built the famous ______________________________
in 537– the Church of Holy Wisdom
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*Theodora
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______________________ & Justinian’s wife
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Championed __________________________________

Women can _________________, keep children, & own ___________
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Laws against beating wives
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Responsible for keeping Justinian in ___________________ when city
was under attack by riots
Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences)
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*The Agricultural Revolution
1. Wood plows pulled by oxen (broke & slow) 
______________________________________________________ (stronger & faster)
2. _________________ were invented – they’d grind large quantities of grain into flour
3. The _________________________________ - one w/ grains, one w/ legumes, and one
fallow. When fallow, _________________ has time to _________________
*Results of the Agricultural Revolution…. More _______  More ____________________
o
Population more than doubled between the years 1,000-1,300 CE
European Trade Revives
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Merchants set up routes with __________________________________
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*____________________________ help __________________________________
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Artisans made goods for the traders
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Cities slowly grew
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The most prosperous in N. Italy & Flanders
Charters
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From the king or lord
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Townspeople could control their own affairs
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Anyone living in the town for _____________________________________!!!
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Put new ideas into circulation & greatly expanded the middle class
*Economic Changes
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_________________ reappeared
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The need for capital created _________________ houses
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Partnerships developed
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___________________________ underwriting began
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Bill of exchange
*Social Changes
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Most lords needed money to buy goods
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Many serfs began to sell goods to the towns

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Paying their lords in cash instead of trade
By 1300, most ____________ were now _________________or hired laborers
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Name____________
Period____________
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*Guilds
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Merchant & craft _________________ dominated life in towns
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Membership was a three step process
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_________________________ - age 7 or 8 for seven years
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_________________________....most did not make master
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_________________________
*Medieval Towns
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Grew in a __________________________ manner
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Jumble of ______________________ streets & tall buildings
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No street lighting
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___________________ during the day deserted at night
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Had __________________or_________________ so waste went into
the streets
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Towns were filthy, smelly, noisy & crowded
*Effects of Trade
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Put ___________________________ and products into circulation
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Reintroduced money
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Revised social structure
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_________________ had __________________________________
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Growing middle class
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_________________ changed to _________________ peasants
Sets the stage for the Renaissance
Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences)
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Name____________
Period____________
Part 2
The High Middle Ages
Timeframe:
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Important places/people/things:
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England
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France
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Holy Roman Empire
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Crusades
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Black Death
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Hundred Years War
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The High Middle Ages
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*Strong monarchs in England & France used various means to centralize power
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Set up system of ___________________________________
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Created a ________________________________________
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Tax systems
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Standing __________________
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Worked w/ the new middle class
In England: New Political Traditions Evolved
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*Common law
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Henry II sent out _________________________________ to enforce royal law
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Their decisions became the basis for
The jury system
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The justices formed groups of men to determine which cases should be heard
(grand jury)
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Evolved into ___________________________________
*Magna Carta in 1215
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King John was _________________________
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It stated that nobles had certain rights
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The ___________________________________________________________
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Name____________
Period____________

*Parliament
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The Great Council evolved into _________________________
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In 1295, Edward I added common people to the council
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Parliament became _______________________: House of _______________
and House of __________________
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*In France: Strong leaders built an efficient centralized bureaucracy
o
o
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Philip Augustus of France
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Used ___________________middle class ___________________
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Chartered many new towns
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Organized a standing army
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Introduced a __________________________
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__________________________ royal _____________ holdings
Louis IX
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Lived by the rules of Chivalry
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_________________ ____________, ___________, & _____________
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Expanded royal courts
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_______________________________________
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Ended serfdom in his lands
Phillip IV
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Clashed with Pope Boniface VIII so he __________________________
& moved the new pope to France
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*Set up the ____________________________________- had
representatives from all three estates or classes:
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_____________________________
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_____________________________
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_____________________________
Church Supremacy
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Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II
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Preoccupied with power struggles with the Church
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Was forced to give in to demands of the German nobles
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Name____________
Period____________
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The nobles increasing independence made it __________________________
to ______________________ Germany’s many feudal states.
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*______________________________________________.…1198
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____________________________________________________
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Keep strict control over the clergy
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Claimed supremacy over all other rulers
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Led a crusade against the Albigensians in S. France
Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences)
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The Crusades 1095 to 1204
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*Byzantine Empire
o
_____________ _____________ (Muslims) extended their power over
_________________ and attacked Christian pilgrims
o
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Alexius I sent an urgent plea for help to Urban II
Western Europeans were _______________________ of _____________
_______________________ in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
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Urged on by Pope Urban
o
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*___________________________________ the Crusades….Why did they go?
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____________________________________
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____________________________________
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____________________________________ at home
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Seven Crusades
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1st
____________________________________________________
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2nd
1147-49 - Epic fail!
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Name____________
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*Then in 1187... Muslim forces began to fight back… Holy City of Jerusalem fell to
Muslim forces under the leader, __________________________
o
3rd
1188-1192 - King ____________________ the Lionhearted of England
negotiated w/ Saladin, Christians permitted to visit Jerusalem

o 4th
1202-1204 - Looted Constantinople
th
o 5
1217-1221
o 6th
1228-1239
o 7th
1248-1250
*_______________________________________
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__________________________________________________ from their land
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Created a unified state under King ________________________&
Queen ________________________ --> 1492
o
Spain was broke afterwards so they hired ____________________________ to
search for ________________________________________.

*________________________ of the Crusades
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Left a bitter legacy of __________________________
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Helped quicken the changes in Europe
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Increased levels of ________________________
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_____________________________________ reached its greatest height
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Hardened Byzantine resentment against the West
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Increased the _________________ of W. Europe’s ______________________
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Encouraged the ________________ of a money _________________________
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Brought Europe into contact with other civilizations
Revival of Learning

Improved economic and political conditions led to a _________________ of learning
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__________________________ started teaching..... math, geometry, astronomy,
music, grammar, rhetoric and logic
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*Europe enjoyed a cultural flowering, as writers created works in the vernacular and
cities all over Europe __________________________ towering stone
__________________________ that served as _____________________ of their
wealth and religious devotion.

Europeans rediscovered the writings of the ancient Greeks
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Name____________
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Setting off a revolution in the world of ideas
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*Forcing Christian scholars to resolve the ______________________________
_____________________________________________(__________________)
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Use reason to discover basic truths OR accept truths on faith
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__________________ made _______________________....most thought true
knowledge must fit with _____________________ teachings
Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences)
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A Time of Crisis
*Europe attacked in 3 ways in mid-1300's
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
1.
Drought caused widespread crop failures resulting in

*Famine, malnutrition and __________________________
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Famine _______________________________________________, leaving them
vulnerable to the plague
2. Black Death /The Bubonic Plague

*Spread by _______________________________________
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Unsanitary towns helped spread the plague
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Symptoms:
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o Swellings and black bruises
o Heavy sweats
o Convulsive coughing
o Rotted on the inside spitting blood and smelling terribly
o Died in agony
*Approximately _______________________________________
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Name____________
Period____________

Created ____________________________________________________
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*Social Changes
o Turned to magic and witchcraft for cures
o Plunged into wild pleasures
o Saw plague as _____________________________________
o Blamed the _____________
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*Economic Changes
o ________________________ shortage
o Prices rose
o Scared people rioted and revolted
3. Hundred Years War
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*War fought between _____________________________________
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1337 – 1453
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*_____________________________________


o
________________________ French soldiers & led them in battle
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________________________ by French & died on the stake
The effects of the war…
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Increased nat’lism & expanded royal power in France
o
Devastated the countryside
o
_______________ power of __________________________ in England
o
_______________ their _____________ supply
*Changes in warfare:
o
__________________________
o
__________________________
Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences)
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