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Name ________________ Date __________ Pd ____ World History THE RISE OF TOTALITARIAN REGIMES I. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes As world-wide economic _______________ got worse, peoples’ lives got worse & grew _____________ Desperate for change, people turned to new leaders who offered ______________ solutions to ____________ problems Totalitarian Regime—______________ form of government that controls _____ aspects of peoples’ lives Dictators came to power by using ________________—idea that promises return to __________ for the nation, strong leadership from _______ leader, commitment of loyalty to government by citizens Fascists promote extreme __________________, people can keep ____________ property, religion used as a tool to promote government ideas Fascists hate democracy & ____________ (no classes in society, ________________ controls all property, desire to spread ideas to other nations) but have some things in common with communists: 1 strong ______________ rules Censorship, propaganda, & __________________ force used to control people A. Benito Mussolini in Italy Poor economic conditions and anger of “_____________” of Versailles Treaty led to rise of Benito Mussolini Socialist & journalist prior to WWI, but became militant nationalist. Formed political party in 1919 called ______________ Rise to power: Became popular by supporting workers & peasants & stopped _____________ revolution in Italy Created ___________________ (secret police force) to enforce goals of Fascists & led a _______________________ in 1922 King Victor Emmanuel was intimidated by Mussolini & named him _______________________ As dictator, Mussolini consolidated power by ending democratic rule, strengthened ______________, spread patriotism & nationalism Earned nickname Il Duce—“The ______________” B. Adolf Hitler in Germany One of many groups challenging Weimar Republic was fascist group called National Socialist Workers’ Party (___________); Hitler was an early recruit Formed _____________________ (secret police) to enforce ideas Jailed in 1923 for trying to overthrow Weimar government; wrote __________________ in prison: Blamed __________ for problems Saw himself as leader (_______________) of master Aryan race Lebenstraum—need to spread out & gain ______________________ for Germans Rise to power: Reorganized NAZI party after release from jail & made __________________ promoting NAZI party; ran NAZIs in elections but __________ won majority vote Hitler was feared by Weimar Republic, thought they could satisfy Hitler by naming him __________________ in 1933 As dictator, Hitler removed political opponents: Started fire in Reichstag government building & blamed on ____________________ In 1934, Night of Long Knives—Hitler had hundreds of his own secret police ______________ Called government Third Reich—restore German army & ___________ Attacks on Jews: Hitler used _____________________ (hatred & hostility towards Jews) & blamed __________ for all of Germany’s problems In 1935, Hitler passed ________________ Laws stripped Jews of German citizenship; all Jews were required to wear __________________ of David as identification Nov 9-10, 1938 _________________ (Night of Broken Glass) destroyed Jewish ____________________ & businesses, created concentration camps & ghettos for prisoners Final Solution (_______________)—Hitler began plan to eliminate Germany of all ___________ (Jews, Slavs, homosexuals, political opponents) ________________ Jews were murdered in firing squads & gas chambers throughout Europe by special killing units called the _______ C. Hideki Tojo in Japan Japan felt the West did not accept it as an ______________ even though its population & industry boomed in 1920s Dreamed of large __________________ to expand with lots of natural resources—1931 invaded Manchuria, 1937 invaded China Militarism grew—Emperor Hirohito relied on ___________________ to reorganized military. Emperor Hirohito of Japan ruled throughout the war General Hideki Tojo held _________________ power from October 1941 to July 1944 II. Totalitarian Aggression Japan: 1931—invaded _______________ & northern ________; 1940—invaded Indochina & East Indies Italy: 1936—occupied ________________; 1941—invaded Egypt & Greece Germany: 1938—annex Austria & Czechoslovakia, 1939—invade _____________ USSR: 1941— occupied ____________________, Latvia, & Estonia III. Alliance Formed Axis Coalition formed—treaties between ________________________________ (1936 to 1940) to offer mutual protection & support if ever involved in war Communism Definition Fascism Definition Nazism Definition