Download Insect Notes

Animal Notes
Animal Characteristics:
- Eukaryote
- Sexual reproducers
- Heterotrophs
- Locomotion (walk, fly, swim)
- Multicellular
2 Phylum of Animals:
No backbone.
- Examples are: insects, worms, sponges, mollusks, and etc.
- Lack: bones, some have hard outer shells or exoskeletons
- 95% of all animals
- Insects make up 80% of all animals.
Chordata- 5 divisions of chordata
- Make up only 5% of all animals.
5 Classes of the Phylum Chordata:
1. Fish
2. Amphibians
3. Reptiles
4. Birds
5. Mammals
Fish:
-
Habitat: nearly every aquatic environment
Respiration: use gills to breathe
Circulation: 2 chambered heart
Reproduction: sexual (mostly external)
Nervous System: lateral line system that can detect movement
Amphibians:
- Habitat: live on land and water
- Respiration: lungs in adults, gills in tadpoles, but mostly
through the moist skin
- Reproduction: external reproduction (water needed to
transport sperm and eggs must be kept moist)
- Circulation: 3 chambered heart. One chamber gets oxygen
rich blood from lungs and skin.
- Regulation: Ectotherms, variable body temperature- gets heat
from outside source
- Metamorphosis: eggs, tadpoles, adult
Reptiles:
- Habitat: Land mostly
- Respiration: No exchange thru skin because it is scaly. Must
use lungs
- Circulation: most have 3 chambered heart
- Regulation: ectotherms
- Reproduction: Internal fertilization and can lay eggs on land
due to the evolution of the amniotic egg
Birds:
-
Respiration: Lungs and air sacs for extra oxygen for flight
Regulation: Endotherm
Reproduction: Internal fertilization
Adaptations: Hollow bones for flight, feathers are lightweight,
wings
- Circulation: 4 chambered heart
Mammals:
- Special characteristics needed: hair, mammary glands that
secrete milk to nurse young, diaphragm to expand and
contract chest activity to get more oxygen, specialized teeth
(molars, canines, incisors), can learn
- Regulation: endotherms, maintain fairly constant body
temperature
- Circulation: 4 chambered heart, the oxygenated blood is kept
separate from the deoxygenated blood
- Respiration: - sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that
separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
- Hair importance: insulation, waterproofing, conserves body
heat, mammals cool off by panting and sweating
1. Placental mammals: carries baby in the mothers uterus until
development is almost complete
2. Marsupials: after a baby has grown to a certain size, the mom
carries the baby inside a pouch made of skin and hair on th
outside of the moms body
3. Monotremes: reproduce by laying eggs. Found in Australia,
Tasmania, and New Guinea. 3 species of monotremes alive
today (platypus, spiny anteater and long beaked echidna