Download Unit 6/7: Slavery and Sectionalism – Civil War and Reconstruction

Unit 5: Slavery and Sectionalism – Civil War and Reconstruction
Required Readings:
Bailey – Chapters 16, 17,18,19,20, 21, 22
Newman – Chapters 12-15
Primary Sources:

Abraham Lincoln, The Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863

Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865

James W. Grimes, Opinion on the Trial of Andrew Johnson, 1868

William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator, January 1, 1831

Stephen A. Douglas, Speech in the Senate, January 30, 1854

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
Themes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sectionalism
Slavery and causes of the Civil War
Secession and War
Reconstruction issues and plans
The struggle for equality
Native American relations
Content:

Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion

Slavery as a social and economic institution

The politics of slavery
o
Missouri Compromise
o
Abolitionists
o
Compromise of 1850
o
Kansas-Nebraska Act and Bleeding Kansas
o
Dred Scott Decision
o
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
o
John Brown’ Raid
o
Election of 1860

Military strategies, strengths and weaknesses, events and outcomes

The home front, North and South
o
Mobilizing manpower, finances, public opinion
o
Social, economic and political impact of war

Presidential v. Congressional Reconstruction plans and actions

Economic development: The New South?

1877 Compromise and Home Rule
Barron’s Vocabulary:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Wilmont Proviso
Popular Sovereignty
Free Soil Party
Mexican Cession and Slavery
Industry by 1850
Agriculture by 1850
Northern Blacks – 1850
The North – 1850
The South – 1850
Stephen Douglas
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Millard Fillmore
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Franklin Pierce
Ostend Manifesto
Evolution of The Major Political
Parties to Pre-Civil War
18. Kansas-Nebraska Act
19. Creation of Lincoln’s Republican
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Party
Walt Whitman
James Buchanan
Causes of the Panic 1857
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Lecompton Constitution
Lincoln Douglass Debates
John Brown
Transportation from 1860-1900
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln
Secession
Civil War Conscription
Civil War Advantages for the
South
Civil War Advantages for the
North
Anaconda Plan
The Homestead Act
Battle of Antietam
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
Emancipation Proclamation
Battle of Gettysburg
Civil War Ships
Lincoln’s “10% Plan”
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Northern Election of 1864
Wade Davis Bill
Conclusion of the Civil War
Freedman’s Bureau
Radical Republicans
Civil War Amendments
Black Codes
Jim Crow Laws
Andrew Johnson
Sewards Folly
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags
Ulysses S. Grant
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Reading Questions:
Understanding the Civil War is a complex process MAKE SURE YOU KEEP UP WITH YOUR READING! Some of
you are skimping on your reading questions. DON”T!!! It will help you in the long run if you keep up with
your reading and reading questions.
Sectionalism and the Build-Up to Civil War- The 1850’s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Compromise of 1850: What were the terms of the Compromise of 1850? How did the political parties react to the
Compromise of 1850? How did the sections of the country react?
Politics of the 1850’s: Identify the candidates, the issues, and the results of the presidential election of 1852. Who
were the new Republicans? Which groups comprised this party? What was its platform? What transpired in the SumnerBrooks incident?
Kansas-Nebraska Act: List the provisions of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and explain its impact on sectionalism. What
effect did it have on the Whigs? on the Democrats? How did the North react to the Kansas-Nebraska Act? the South?
What effect did it have on the Whigs? on the Democrats? What problems were faced in the attempt to organize a
legitimate government in Kansas? Why did these problems arise? How was it that Kansas became a battle ground for the
sectional controversy? Explain the maneuvering by pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces to gain control of the Kansas
government. What did both sides come to believe that Kansas symbolized for the nation?
Sectionalist Politics: What type of society did northerners wish to create? How did "free soil" and "free labor" fit into
their plans? How did the "free soil" ideology manifest itself in the Republican Party? What diverse views did it unite?
What were the elements of the South's pro-slavery response? Who were its major spokespersons?
Dred Scott v Sanford: What were the origins of the Dred Scott case? What issues were involved? How did Chief
Justice Taney rule on this case? What was the impact of the decision on the nation's efforts to reach a compromise
regarding the slavery issue?
Lincoln-Douglas Debates: Why did the Lincoln-Douglas debates take place? Why did they draw so much attention? How
did Lincoln and Douglas differ in their solution to slavery in the territories? How was Douglas's stand reflected in the
Freeport Doctrine? What affect did this position have on Douglas's future presidential aspirations? How did the LincolnDouglas debates define the distinctions between the Democratic and Republican parties?
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry: What were the goals of John Brown's raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's
Ferry, VA? How did the South react to this event? Why is John Brown's raid considered to be a turning point in the
South's road to secession?
Contemplating Secession
1.
2.
3.
The Election of 1860: What was the Republican platform in 1860? To whom did it appeal most? What caused the split
between northern and southern Democrats in 1860? What was the result of this division? Who were the candidates in the
election of 1860 and what was the outcome?
The politics of Secession: On what constitutional interpretation was the concept of secession based? What was the
reaction of the United States government to the southern states that seceded first? What compromises were proposed
to bring these states back into the Union? Why did they fail?
Fort Sumter: What was Lincoln's opinion regarding the legality of secession? How was that opinion reflected in his action
concerning Fort Sumter? What problem presented itself to the South by Lincoln's decision to re-supply Fort Sumter?
The Civil War – The North
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Create a CHART which analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the North and the South in terms of their readiness
for war.
What were the foreign-policy objectives of the Union and of the Confederacy? How did each attempt to achieve these
objectives? Which was most successful and why?
How did the West play a continuing political, diplomatic, and military part in the conflict?
Union Preparedness: How did the Union (the USA) propose to finance the war? How successful was this? What was the
effect on the economy? How did the Union propose to raise troops? To what extent was it forced to use conscription?
How did the nation react to this method?
Lincoln’s War Powers: What was Lincoln's view of the extent of presidential war powers? Who were the opponents war in
the North? How did Lincoln use his powers against them? What was the outcome?
Emancipation Proclamation: What factors, other than political pressure, brought about the Emancipation Proclamation?
What did the proclamation really accomplish? What role did African Americans play in support of the Union cause?
Social Implications of the War in the North: What impact did the Civil War have on the Northern industrial economy?
on women in the North? What part did women play in the Union war effort?
Continuing with War – The South
The Confederate Organization: What were the origins of the Confederate government? How did its constitution differ
from that of the United States?
9. Confederate Preparedness: What problems did the new leaders of the Confederacy face? How did the Confederacy
attempt to finance the war? How did the Confederacy propose to raise troops for the war? How did these plans compare
with those of the Union? How successful were they?
10. Problems in the Confederacy: Why was states' rights the "great dividing force" in the Confederacy's war effort? What
caused this division? What was the effect? Why was Lincoln more successful at organizing a command system than Davis?
What role did Lincoln propose for the United States Navy? How did the Confederacy attempt to overcome this naval
advantage?
11. Social Implications of the War in the South: How did the Civil War "transform" Southern society? How was this
transformation like that which took place in the North? How was it different? What impact did the war have on the lives
and circumstances of women? of slaves?
8.
Fighting the Civil War:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Military Advances: How did advances in the effectiveness of arms and artillery change the way soldiers in the field
fought?
Why was the outcome of the First Battle of Bull Run [First Manassas] such a shock? What did it reveal about the
possibility of an early end to the struggle and about the readiness of the two sides for a major conflict?
Military Leadership: Make a chart tracing military leadership strengths and weaknesses for both the North and the
South. Identify the generals in charge of the Union’s Army and compare them to those in the South.
War in the West: What was the Union plan for the conquest of the West? How did the Confederates propose to defend
this area? How did the battle of Shiloh change Grant's thinking about his military plans?
Turing Points: Make a chart that compares and contrasts the three battles considered turning points in the Civil War:
Antietam, Gettysburg and Vicksburg. In your opinion – which one marks the TRUE turning point?
Defeating the Confederacy: What was Grant's grand strategy for 1864? What were his objectives? How was the
Confederacy finally defeated? In what way did the Union forces destroy the South's will to carry on the fight?
Getting Started with Reconstruction:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The South after the War: What effects did the Civil War have on the economy and social system of the South?
Freed African Americans: What special problems did the freedmen face immediately after the war? What efforts were
made to help them? What were the competing notions of freedom that existed in the post-war South?
Make a chart comparing the reconstruction plans of the Radical Republicans (Congressional Reconstruction), Presidential
Reconstruction (Johnson’s Plan) and Moderate Republicans. Make sure you look at plans to readmit states to the United
States, Plans to address loyalty from southerners and plans that addressed civil rights for freed slaves.
The Politics of Reconstruction: What were the differences between the Conservative, Radical, and Moderate factions of
the Republican Party during Reconstruction? What measures did the Radical Republicans take to keep President Johnson
and the Supreme Court from interfering with their plans? Why did Radical Republicans want to impeach President
Johnson? Why did they fail?
The Impact of Reconstruction on Ordinary Life
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What role did blacks play in southern political life during Reconstruction?
What patterns of Southern education began to emerge during Reconstruction?
What changes in land distribution occurred in the South after the Civil War?
How did the sharecropping system of labor assist Southern whites in reasserting control over black labor?
Why did the government's attempt to redistribute land to freedmen fail?
What economic advances did the freedmen make? How did the economic status of blacks compare with that of the
average white Southerner?
What tactics did white Southern Democrats use to restrict or control black suffrage?
Grant’s Reconstruction:
President Grant: What was President Grant's position on Reconstruction? How did Ulysses S. Grant's political
accomplishments compare with his military ability?
What were the scandals that came to light during the Grant Administration? What role did Grant play in these scandals?
Why did Northern Republicans begin to take less interest in Reconstruction and the cause of the freedmen after about
1870?
Why was the presidential election of 1876 disputed? How was the controversy resolved by the "Compromise of 1877?"
Compare white and black expectations for Reconstruction with the actual results.
How have historians differed over the nature of Reconstruction? What part has the public played in this debate? Why is
the era so controversial?