Download Moneran Diversity : NOTES - Mr. Lesiuk

Moneran Diversity
A) Shapes
3 Basic shapes i. Rod-shaped  Bacillus ex. E.Coli
ii. Spherical  Coccus
ex. Streptococcus
iii. Spiral  Spirillum
ex. Syphilis
B) Distribution
– Found everywhere
-some live alone
-some live in pairs
-some live in colonies – clumps or chains
C) Motility – “Movement”
- Many are immobile, they rely on contact, air
or water movement.
– If they move:
a. use Flagella b. or vibrate
D) Bacterial Roles in the Environment:
- Decomposers, Producers and
Consumers/Parasites
- Play crucial role in decomposition and
recycling of nutrients from organic waste and
death.
- Photosynthetic cyanobacteria act as
producers to support aquatic food chains.
- Nitrogen fixers –Takes nitrogen from the air
and puts it into the soil in a form that plants
can use.
This nitrogen acts as fertilizer.
E) Nutrition:
-Some are autotrophic, while most are
heterotrophic (decomposers or parasites)
- Saprophytic (work on dead stuff) bacteria
are able to feed on more food sources than
parasitic bacteria because they have a greater
variety of enzymes used to digest different
foods.
F) Diseases: (too numerous to list)
-Tuberculosis
-Diphtheria
-Typhoid fever
-Tetanus
-Syphilis
-Flesh-Eating Disease
- Chlamydia
-Hamburger Disease (E.
Coli)
Cause disease in two ways
1) Use an organism for food.
2) They produce poisonous substances which
affect the host. Ex. Botulism nerve toxin.
G) Modes of Energy
1) Photoautotrophs – (photosynthesize) Use
light energy to produce sugar and oxygen
molecules from Carbon Dioxide and Water.
Photosynthetic equation :
6CO2 + 6H2O light energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2
(Glucose)
CYANOBACTERIA
2. Chemoautotrophs – (chemosynthesize) Use
the energy stored in the bonds of other
inorganic chemicals to make carbohydrates
with high-energy bonds. Form base of food
chains in ocean trenches that are void of light.
3. Cellular Respiration – The reaction of
Sugar molecules with Oxygen to produce low
energy molecules of Carbon Dioxide and
Water. Energy is released into cell to provide
energy for other reactions.
Cellular respiration equation:
6O2 + C6H12O6
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
(Glucose)
4. Fermentation
- Breakdown of sugar molecules
anaerobically (without the use of Oxygen) to
release energy.
- Alcohol and Carbon Dioxide produced in
plants
- Lactic acid produced in animals.
- 19 times less efficient than cellular
respiration
H) Oxygen Requirements
Monerans can also be classified by their
requirements for Oxygen.
1) Obligate aerobes – Require oxygen to
survive (use cellular respiration)
2) Obligate Anaerobes – Cannot survive in
Oxygen.
Use fermentation for energy.
3) Facultative Anaerobes – Use oxygen, but
can survive if it is not present.
- Use cellular respiration but can use
fermentation if oxygen is not present.
I) Reproduction
1. Binary Fission:
- A form of asexual reproduction in which
cells split into two identical parts.
- Our body cells divide in a similar manner
- This is the most common way that
Monerans reproduce.
2. Conjugation:
- A primitive form of sexual reproduction.
- Two cells join (no such thing as
male/female)
- One partner contributes its plasmid DNA to
the other.
BINARY FISSION
CONJUGATION
Bacteria Dividing
Binary Fission:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KskuslqGtY8
Conjugation:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwzNOdF7L2c
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-EdX4MaMFE