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KS3 Physics revision questions 2 - Forces, Motion, Pressure, The Earth and beyond Level 6 Questions 16. The drawing below shows an astronaut in space. He has four small jets attached to his space suit. These jets produce forces on the astronaut in the directions A, B, C and D. Ballard School 1 (a) The drawing below shows the size and direction of four forces acting on the astronaut. In which direction, A, B, C or D, will the astronaut move? Give the letter. .............. 1 mark (b) The drawing below shows the size and direction of four different forces acting on the astronaut. Ballard School 2 What will happen to the astronaut when the jets produce these four forces? ...................................................................................................................... 1 mark Explain your answer. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 1 mark (c) The drawing below shows the size and direction of four different forces acting on the astronaut. Draw an arrow on the diagram below to show the direction in which he will move. 1 mark maximum 4 marks Ballard School 3 17. The table shows the time taken for the Earth, Mars and Venus to orbit the Sun. planet time taken to orbit the Sun, in Earth years Earth 1.0 Mars 1.9 Venus 0.6 The diagram shows the orbits of the Earth, Mars and Venus round the Sun, at one particular time. The arrows show the direction in which the planets move. Sun Venus Earth Mars not to scale Ballard School 4 At the time shown in the diagram, the three planets were lined up with the Sun. (a) Show the position of the Earth three months after the planets were lined up, by marking a point on the Earth’s orbit. Label the point E. 1 mark (b) (i) Show the approximate position of Mars three Earth months after the planets were lined up, by marking a point on Mars’s orbit. Label the point M. 1 mark (ii) Explain why Mars is in this position. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 1 mark (c) (i) Show the approximate position of Venus three Earth months after the planets were lined up, by marking a point on Venus’s orbit. Label the point V. 1 mark (ii) Explain why Venus is in this position. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 1 mark Maximum 5 marks Ballard School 5 18. The drawing shows a boy with a bow and arrow. He is holding the arrow and pulling it back. (a) Two horizontal forces act on the arrow. These are the force exerted by the boy’s hand and the force exerted by the string. The arrow is not moving. The boy pulls the arrow with a force of 150 N. What is the size of the force exerted by the string on the arrow? ...................... N 1 mark (b) When the boy lets go of the arrow, it starts to move forward. Explain why it starts to move. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 1 mark (c) The arrow flies across a field and hits a target. Two forces act on the arrow while it is in the air. Air resistance acts in the opposite direction to the movement, and gravity acts downwards. These two forces cannot balance each other, even when they are the same size. Why is this? ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 1 mark Ballard School 6 (d) The arrow has a sharp pointed end. When the arrow hits the target, the sharp point exerts a very large pressure on the target. Why does a sharp pointed end exert a larger pressure than a blunt end? ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 1 mark Maximum 4 marks 19. Until 1781 scientists thought there were only six planets in the solar system. Then a scientist called Herschel looked through a very large telescope that could turn to follow objects in space. He watched a bright object in the night sky for a few months and made drawings of what he saw. He concluded it was a planet. Ballard School 7 (a) What method did Herschel use to discover the new planet? Tick the correct box. He carried out practical tests in the laboratory. He asked scientists’ opinions. He observed the environment. He gathered data from books. 1 mark (b) Scientists today use satellites as well as telescopes to observe the universe. Suggest one way that developments in equipment have changed the information scientists collect about planets. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 1 mark (c) Before 1781, scientists believed there were 6 planets in our solar system. Now scientists believe there are 10 planets. What do these ideas suggest about our knowledge of our solar system? ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 1 mark (d) What causes scientists to reject an idea and replace it with a new one? ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 1 mark maximum 4 marks Ballard School 8 20. The drawings below show Caroline diving into a swimming pool. As she falls, gravitational potential energy is changed into kinetic energy. A 0.5 s B 0.5 s C 0.5 s D Ballard School 9 (a) Why does Caroline have no kinetic energy at A? ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ 1 mark (b) The table shows Caroline’s gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy at four stages of the dive. stage of the dive total energy (kJ) gravitational potential energy (kJ) Kinetic energy (kJ) A 8 8 0 B 8 7 1 C 8 4 4 D 8 0 (i) Write the missing kinetic energy value for stage D in the table. (II) As Caroline falls there is no loss of energy to the air. How do the energy values for stages A, B, C and D show this? ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ 2 marks (c) (I) Give the name of the force that causes Caroline to speed up as she falls. ............................................................ (ii) Caroline takes 0.5 s to fall from A to B and from B to C and from C to D. How can you tell from the drawings that she is speeding up as she falls? ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ 2 marks Ballard School 10 (d) When Caroline enters the water she slows down. Give the name of the force that slows her down. ................................................................................................................ 1 mark maximum 6 marks 21. The drawings show the mass and weight of four objects on different planets. Earth 4 kg 40 N (a) Mars Jupiter 6 kg 2 kg 24 N 50 N Venus 4 kg 36 N On which of the four planets is the object with the largest mass? ............................................................. 1 mark (b) How can you tell, from the drawings, that gravity is greater on Earth than on Venus? ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 1 mark Ballard School 11 (c) Gravity is less on the Moon than on the Earth. Complete the sentences below to compare the weight and mass of an astronaut on the Moon and on the Earth. The weight of an astronaut on the Moon is ................................. the weight of an astronaut on the Earth. 1 mark The mass of an astronaut on the Moon is ................................. the mass of the astronaut on the Earth. 1 mark (d) The table below gives information about five planets. (i) planet distance from the Sun (million km) time for planet to orbit the Sun (Earth-years) Venus 110 0.6 Earth 150 1.0 Mars 230 Jupiter 780 12.0 Saturn 1400 30.0 Look at the information in the table. How does the time for a planet to orbit the Sun change with its distance from the Sun? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 1 mark (ii) Use information in the table to estimate the time for Mars to orbit the Sun. ............. Earth-years 1 mark Ballard School 12 (e) The diagram below shows the path of a comet around the Sun. On the path of the comet below, place a letter X to show the position where the comet is travelling the fastest. path of comet Sun comet not to scale 1 mark maximum 7 marks 22. (a) The diagram below shows part of the solar system. Pluto Uranus Neptune Jupiter Saturn orbit of comet Mars Y X comet Venus Earth Not to scale Ballard School 13 (b) Look at the diagram. Give the names of X and Y. X.............................................. Y.............................................. 2 marks (b) It takes Jupiter much longer than Mars to complete one orbit. Give two reasons for this. 1 ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 2 ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 2 marks (c) The diagram also shows the orbit of a comet. In 1531, 1607 and 1683 scientists recorded that had seen a comet in the sky. (i) Edmund Halley looked at these dates and suggested the scientists had all seen the same comet. Explain how he worked out that it was the same comet each time. ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ 1 mark (ii) The comet was last seen in 1986. Predict when it will be seen next. ................................................................................................................ 1 mark maximum 6 marks Ballard School 14 23. Russell investigated the relationship between mass and weight. He weighed five different masses using a force meter. His results are shown in the table. Ballard School mass (g) weight (N) 150 1.5 250 2.5 300 3.8 400 4.0 580 5.8 15 (a) He plotted four of his results on a grid as shown below, (i) Plot the point for the 150 g mass on the graph. 1 mark (ii) Draw a line of best fit. 7.0 6.0 × 5.0 4.0 × weight (N) × 3.0 × 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 mass (g) 1 mark (b) One of the points Russell plotted does not fit the pattern. Circle this point on the graph. 1 mark (c) Use your graph to predict: (i) the mass of an object weighing 6.5 N; ............. g 1 mark Ballard School 16 (ii) the weight of an object of mass 50 g. ............. N 1 mark (d) Give one reason why it is more useful to present the results as a line graph rather than a table. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 1 mark maximum 6 marks Ballard School 17