Download KS3 Physics revision questions 2 - Forces, Motion

KS3 Physics revision questions 2 - Forces, Motion, Pressure, The Earth and beyond
Level 6 Questions
16.
The drawing below shows an astronaut in space.
He has four small jets attached to his space suit.
These jets produce forces on the astronaut in the directions A, B, C and D.
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(a)
The drawing below shows the size and direction of four forces acting
on the astronaut.
In which direction, A, B, C or D, will the astronaut move?
Give the letter.
..............
1 mark
(b)
The drawing below shows the size and direction of four different
forces acting on the astronaut.
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What will happen to the astronaut when the jets produce these four forces?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Explain your answer.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
The drawing below shows the size and direction of four different
forces acting on the astronaut.
Draw an arrow on the diagram below to show the direction in which he
will move.
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
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3
17.
The table shows the time taken for the Earth, Mars and Venus to orbit the Sun.
planet
time taken to orbit the
Sun, in Earth years
Earth
1.0
Mars
1.9
Venus
0.6
The diagram shows the orbits of the Earth, Mars and Venus round the Sun, at one
particular time. The arrows show the direction in which the planets move.
Sun
Venus
Earth
Mars
not to scale
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At the time shown in the diagram, the three planets were lined up with the Sun.
(a)
Show the position of the Earth three months after the planets were lined up, by
marking a point on the Earth’s orbit.
Label the point E.
1 mark
(b)
(i)
Show the approximate position of Mars three Earth months after the planets were
lined up, by marking a point on Mars’s orbit.
Label the point M.
1 mark
(ii)
Explain why Mars is in this position.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
(i)
Show the approximate position of Venus three Earth months after the planets
were lined up, by marking a point on Venus’s orbit.
Label the point V.
1 mark
(ii)
Explain why Venus is in this position.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
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5
18.
The drawing shows a boy with a bow and arrow. He is holding the arrow and
pulling it back.
(a)
Two horizontal forces act on the arrow. These are the force exerted by the
boy’s hand and the force exerted by the string. The arrow is not moving.
The boy pulls the arrow with a force of 150 N. What is the size of the force
exerted by the string on the arrow?
...................... N
1 mark
(b)
When the boy lets go of the arrow, it starts to move forward.
Explain why it starts to move.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
The arrow flies across a field and hits a target.
Two forces act on the arrow while it is in the air. Air resistance acts in the
opposite direction to the movement, and gravity acts downwards. These two
forces cannot balance each other, even when they are the same size. Why is
this?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
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(d)
The arrow has a sharp pointed end. When the arrow hits the target, the sharp
point exerts a very large pressure on the target.
Why does a sharp pointed end exert a larger pressure than a blunt end?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
19.
Until 1781 scientists thought there were only six planets in the solar system. Then a
scientist called Herschel looked through a very large telescope that could turn to follow
objects in space. He watched a bright object in the night sky for a few months and
made drawings of what he saw. He concluded it was a planet.
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(a)
What method did Herschel use to discover the new planet?
Tick the correct box.
He carried out practical
tests in the laboratory.
He asked scientists’
opinions.
He observed the
environment.
He gathered data
from books.
1 mark
(b)
Scientists today use satellites as well as telescopes to observe the universe.
Suggest one way that developments in equipment have changed the information
scientists collect about planets.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Before 1781, scientists believed there were 6 planets in our solar system. Now
scientists believe there are 10 planets.
What do these ideas suggest about our knowledge of our solar system?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
What causes scientists to reject an idea and replace it with a new one?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
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20.
The drawings below show Caroline diving into a swimming pool.
As she falls, gravitational potential energy is changed into kinetic energy.
A
0.5 s
B
0.5 s
C
0.5 s
D
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(a)
Why does Caroline have no kinetic energy at A?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The table shows Caroline’s gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy at
four stages of the dive.
stage of the dive
total energy
(kJ)
gravitational
potential energy
(kJ)
Kinetic energy
(kJ)
A
8
8
0
B
8
7
1
C
8
4
4
D
8
0
(i)
Write the missing kinetic energy value for stage D in the table.
(II)
As Caroline falls there is no loss of energy to the air.
How do the energy values for stages A, B, C and D show this?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
2 marks
(c)
(I)
Give the name of the force that causes Caroline to speed up as she falls.
............................................................
(ii)
Caroline takes 0.5 s to fall from A to B and from B to C and from C to D.
How can you tell from the drawings that she is speeding up as she falls?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
2 marks
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(d)
When Caroline enters the water she slows down.
Give the name of the force that slows her down.
................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
21.
The drawings show the mass and weight of four objects on different planets.
Earth
4 kg
40 N
(a)
Mars
Jupiter
6 kg
2 kg
24 N
50 N
Venus
4 kg
36 N
On which of the four planets is the object with the largest mass?
.............................................................
1 mark
(b)
How can you tell, from the drawings, that gravity is greater on Earth than on
Venus?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
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(c)
Gravity is less on the Moon than on the Earth.
Complete the sentences below to compare the weight and mass of an astronaut
on the Moon and on the Earth.
The weight of an astronaut on the Moon is ................................. the weight of an
astronaut on the Earth.
1 mark
The mass of an astronaut on the Moon is ................................. the mass of the
astronaut on the Earth.
1 mark
(d)
The table below gives information about five planets.
(i)
planet
distance from the
Sun (million km)
time for planet to orbit
the Sun (Earth-years)
Venus
110
0.6
Earth
150
1.0
Mars
230
Jupiter
780
12.0
Saturn
1400
30.0
Look at the information in the table.
How does the time for a planet to orbit the Sun change with its distance
from the Sun?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Use information in the table to estimate the time for Mars to orbit the Sun.
............. Earth-years
1 mark
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(e)
The diagram below shows the path of a comet around the Sun.
On the path of the comet below, place a letter X to show the position where the
comet is travelling the fastest.
path of
comet
Sun
comet
not to scale
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
22.
(a)
The diagram below shows part of the solar system.
Pluto
Uranus
Neptune
Jupiter
Saturn
orbit of comet
Mars
Y
X
comet
Venus
Earth
Not to scale
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(b)
Look at the diagram.
Give the names of X and Y.
X..............................................
Y..............................................
2 marks
(b)
It takes Jupiter much longer than Mars to complete one orbit.
Give two reasons for this.
1 ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
2 marks
(c)
The diagram also shows the orbit of a comet.
In 1531, 1607 and 1683 scientists recorded that had seen a comet in the sky.
(i)
Edmund Halley looked at these dates and suggested the scientists had all
seen the same comet.
Explain how he worked out that it was the same comet each time.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
The comet was last seen in 1986.
Predict when it will be seen next.
................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
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23.
Russell investigated the relationship between mass and weight.
He weighed five different masses using a force meter.
His results are shown in the table.
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mass (g)
weight (N)
150
1.5
250
2.5
300
3.8
400
4.0
580
5.8
15
(a)
He plotted four of his results on a grid as shown below,
(i)
Plot the point for the 150 g mass on the graph.
1 mark
(ii)
Draw a line of best fit.
7.0
6.0
×
5.0
4.0
×
weight
(N)
×
3.0
×
2.0
1.0
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
mass (g)
1 mark
(b)
One of the points Russell plotted does not fit the pattern.
Circle this point on the graph.
1 mark
(c)
Use your graph to predict:
(i)
the mass of an object weighing 6.5 N;
............. g
1 mark
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(ii)
the weight of an object of mass 50 g.
............. N
1 mark
(d)
Give one reason why it is more useful to present the results as a line graph rather
than a table.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
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