Download Unit 8 Notes

Unit 8-Cardiovascular System
Anatomy/Physiology
Name:
Date:
Objectives:
1. Describe the general structure and blood flow through the heart.
2. Identify and discuss the functions of the valves in the heart
3. List the structures of the conductive system of the heart
4. Associate the waves of the EKG to the activity of the heart
5. Distinguish between arteries and veins via structure and function
6. Take a pulse and blood pressure
7. Understand and describe heart abnormalities and surgeries
List One Cool Fact From The List:
Cardiovascular System:
Vast network of organs and vessels that is responsible
for the flow of _____________, nutrients,
___________ and other gases, and ____________ to
and from cells.
Comprised of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
A. Arteries:
1.
2.
A
B
B. Veins:
1.
2.
C. Capillaries:
1.
2.
D. Heart:
-Muscle responsible for pumping _________________ throughout the body
-Size:
-Location:
-Distal end is called the ____________________.
C
Heart Structure
•
Enclosed in the _______________________
•
Name means:
•
Contains fluid that ______________ the _____________ from the pumping
action of the heart
•
Also called “Pericardial Sac”
Heart has 3 tissue layers:
•
________________________: protective outer covering made of epithelial tissue
•
________________________: thick muscle tissue responsible for pumping
•
________________________: smooth inner lining for easy flow of blood
Label Layers 
Heart Chambers
•
Your heart is a ____________________ pump—you have 2 circuits
•
1. ___________________ Pathway: _________ only/ Right Side
2. ___________________ Pathway: rest of the body/Left Side
The heart has 4 chambers:
-2 _____________ – thin ____________ chambers that receive blood returning to
the heart through veins… Right and Left Atrium
-2 ____________________ – thick, muscular _______________ chambers.
Receive blood from the atria above them. Force (pump) blood out of the heart
through arteries… Right and Left Ventricle.
-Interventricular ____________________: Separates Left and Right Side
1. Label (arrows) the 4 Chambers of the Heart (Boxes 1-4) and the Septum
C.
1.
2.
B.
A.
4.
3.
D.
Valves
• Allow _________________ flow of blood, 4 total
•
Tricuspid Valve-
•
Biscuspid Valve-
•
Aortic Semilunar–
•
Pulmonary Semilunar2. Label (dotted lines) the Valves on the Diagram Above in Boxes A-D
Major Vessels of the Heart
•
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava:
•
Aorta:
•
(Rt. And Lt.)Pulmonary Artery:
•
(Rt. And Lt.) Pulmonary Vein:
3. Label on the Blood Vessels On the Diagram on the Prior Page
4. Finally, Draw Arrows (Blue and Red) Carefully Through the Heart To Represent
Blood Flow
Coronary Vessels
• The heart receives __________________ of blood from the coronary arteries.
• _______ major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where
the aorta and the left ventricle meet.
• These arteries and their branches supply all parts of the heart muscle with blood.
• These arteries, if become clogged, cause ______________________________
(Myocardial Infarctions)
Accessory Structures
 Papillary Muscles:

Chordae Tendinae:

Interventricular Septum- (see prior definition)

Fossa Ovalis:
Label Structures 
Valve Cusp
Conductive System of the Heart
•
Network of specialized tissue that stimulates ______________________
•
Made of modified cardiac _______________
•
The heart can contract without any stimulation from the _____________.
How the heart works:
1. The heart produces _______________________ impulses using
electrolytes (_____, ______)
2. Those impulses travel through the heart causing it to ________________
(it can be detected all over the body)
3. The __________________ is your heart rate or ________________
Electrical Pathway
1. Sinoatrial (SA) Node: aka the ___________________; located in the upper Right
Atrium
2. Polarizes or contracts the _________________
3. Signal collected by the atrioventricular (_____) node
4. Contracts the ___________________ by passing on the signal to the right and
left bundle fibers
Label the 2 Nodes 
Rt. And Lt. Bundle
Branches
Measuring Heart Activity
Pulse
• ________________________ = PULSE
•
Measured in ___________ per _________________ (bpm)
•
Average of ___________ bpm
•
Heart problems can alter HR
•
Taken from any artery
o __________________ (wrist)
o __________________ (neck)
*Should you ever use your thumb to take your pulse?_______ Why?
HOW TO TAKE A PULSE
1. Find a quiet place and sit down
2. Place the tips of your index, second, and third fingers on your wrist below your
thumb at the base of your hand. Press lightly, and feel carefully for your pulse.
(NEVER USE YOUR THUMB!)
3. Count the number of beats for ten seconds
4. Multiply by 6
EX: 12 beats in ten seconds
12 x 6 = 72 bpm (beats per minute)
Calculate Your Pulse Now: ________ bpm
Blood Pressure
•
Measures the ______________ pressing outward on your arterial wall
•
Result of ___________ forces:
•
Systolic Pressure: Force that occurs as heart ___________________ and blood is
forced out of heart (_________ #)
•
Diastolic Pressure: Force created as the heart ______________ between heart
beats (___________ #)
•
These two forces are each represented by numbers measured in millimeters of
mercury ( mmHg)
•
Average: ________
mmHg
Systolic
Diastolic
ECG = EKG
• Electrocardiogram: test that measures the _________________of the heart
•
Why would this test be done (list 3 below):
Label waves on
actual EKG
Heart Irregularities
•
____________________ = Irregular heartbeat
•
Tachycardia= More than ___________ bpm normally
•
Bradycardia = Less than _________ bpm normally
Vascular System
•
Set of blood vessels that carry blood to
______________________ cell in the body
Heart Vessel Surgery
• Aneurysm Repair
• Angioplasty and Stents
• Coronary Artery Bypass
• Heart Transplant
• Pacemaker
• Valve Repair/Replacement
Be able to compare and contrast the 2 procedures shown above!
All other surgeries will be summarized in a webquest to come!