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Notes - Protists
We have already said that bacteria are prokaryotes or prokaryotic.
What does this mean?
Protists are also __________________ organisms but they are eukaryotes or eukaryotic. This
means that they have a _____________.
Protists are neither plants nor animals, but are classified under their own kingdom called
_____________.
Protists are:
1.
2.
Protists can exist as either: 1.) Heterotrophs (these are _________ - like)
2.) Autotrophs (these are __________-like)
3.) Decomposers (these are __________-like)
I. Protozoans (animal-like)
These:
o
o
o
o
Protozoans are classified by _________________.
1. Sarcodinians – move around by extending _____________ or a “false foot” referred to
as a _____________. Example:
2. Zooflagellates – use whip-like extensions called ______________ to propel
themselves around. Example: ________________ (lives in the guts of termites and
helps to digest cellulose in wood). _______________ (lives in tsetse fly and causes
African Sleeping Sickness).
3. Ciliaphorans – Also called ______________. The largest group of protozoans. Their
bodies are covered by tiny hair-like projections called __________. Example:
4. Sporozoans – These do not move; they are spore-forming _____________
protozoans. They live by being parasites on or in animals. Can reproduce both
sexually and asexually. Examples: _________________ (causes malaria) Immature
sporozoans are called sporozoites and can be transmitted through fluids from one
host to another.
Protozoans are part of the classification of (plankton) and an integral part of the food
chain. In addition to being a food source (plankton) they also feed on bacteria, yeasts,
and algae.
Anatomy of a Paramecium:
Pellicle – the outer __________ or ___________.
Cilia – used for _______________ and _____________ gathering. Attached to pellicle.
Trichocyst – toxic _____________ just inside of the pellicle used to capture _________.
Oral Groove – the ___________; food is swept in here
Food Vacuoles – when food enters the oral groove, it is surrounded and pinches to form
a food vacuole. This is where __________________ occurs.
Anal Pore – Once ______________ have been extracted from the food source, the
waste is ejected from here.
Contractile Vacuole – Responsible for getting rid of excess _______________. They
need to keep a balance of water within their system. All protozoans have contractile
vacuoles.
Macronucleus – Controls the ongoing ______________ of the cell and any asexual
reproduction.
Micronucleus – Involved in ______________ exchange during sexual reproduction.
During sexual reproduction, the organisms line up next to each other and exchange a
pair of micronuclei through their oral grooves. Each macronucleus disintegrates and the
micronuclei from each organism divides several times and forms a new
____________________.