Download Cell Organelle Quiz

KEY - Cell Review
1. In which organelle does DNA replication take place? nucleus
2. Which organelle enables plants to make their own food using sunlight?
chloroplast
3. What cell structure gave the onionskin cells a more rigid shape than the
cheek cells? Cell wall
4. Where do the organelles that make proteins originate? Nucleolus
(ribosomes are made here)
5. Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by the
removal of which organelle? mitochondria
6. Which organelle empties when a plant wilts (shrivels)? Central vacuole
7. Name the 2 structures in an animal cell and not found in the plant cell.
Lysosome, centrioles
8. What would happen if an enzyme entered a cell and destroyed the
nucleus? No proteins could be made, cell could not divide, cell would
eventually die when all metabolic pathways shut down
9. What would occur if an animal cell didn’t have any lysosomes? It would
be unable to break down invading particles, molecules it took in by
endocytosis, or old, worn-out organelles
10. What does the cell membrane consist of? Primarily phospholipid
molecules arranged in a bilayer with proteins embedded in the layer;
cholesterol molecules may also be present, as well as some
carbohydrate and lipid pieces attached to the proteins
11. How would the cell act if it were missing each of the following
organelles? (the answer “the cell will die” is not an acceptable answer.)
- Mitochondria – ATP would not be made, therefore the cell
would have no energy source for many vital processes
- Chloroplasts – carbohydrates (glucose) could not be made
so the cells would not have a source of energy for cellular
respiration, which would result in no ATP and therefore no
energy source for many vital processes
- Nucleus - No proteins could be made, cell could not divide,
cell would eventually die when all metabolic pathways shut
down
- Ribosomes – protein synthesis could not occur so none of
the important structural or functional (enzymatic) proteins
needed by the cell could be made and the key (vital)
processes of the cell would shut down
12. What type of cell needs the most mitochondria? (nerve, muscle, blood,
or bacteria) Why? Of these listed, muscle cells are generally viewed as
the most energy consuming and therefore you would expect to see the
most mitochondria in them to produce that needed energy
13. Describe the cell theory, its parts and its contributors. The cell theory
states:
 cells are the basic units of all life
 all organisms are made of 1 or more cells
 all cells come from other cells (biogenesis)
The scientists credited with contributions to this theory are Schleiden,
Schwann, and Virchow.
14. Compare and contrast a plant and animal cell. Include organelles and
shape. Animal and plant cells vary in shape, however, plant cells tend to
have a more rigid external appearance due to the presence of the
cellulose-containing cell wall surrounding the cell/plasma membrane
than animal cells which only have a cell/plasma membrane surrounding
its cytoplasm. Animal cells are known to contain lysosomes, while in
plants this is a point of controversy. Animal cells also have centrioles
in their centrosome while plant cells do not. Plant cells have the cell
wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not.
Further, plant cells do not have cilia or flagella while these may be
present in animal cells.
15. Distinguish the two types of cells. (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic) Include
examples and pictures.
Prokaryotic cells include those from the Kingdom Bacteria and the
Kingdom Archaea. They do not have a nucleus or any membrane bound
organelles. Eukaryotic cells are all cells in the Kingdoms Protista,
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. They all contain a nucleus and a variety
of membrane bound organelles.
All cells contain:
 cell/plasma membrane
 DNA
 Ribosomes
 Cytoplasm/Cytoskeleton
16. List the contributions of the following scientists and how they are
related to this unit. (CELLS)
Leewenhoek: invented the first “real” microscope; looked at
“animicules” under the microscope
Virchow: Russian scientist who contributed the biogenesis portion
of the cell theory
Schwann: German zoologist who contributed to the portion of the
cell theory that states that all organisms are made of one or more
cells
Schleiden: German botanist who contributed to the portion of the
cell theory that states that all organisms are made of one or more
cells
Hooke: looked at cork under the microscope and coined the term
“cell” to describe the little boxes he saw, which reminded him of the
cells in a monastery
Brown: discovered the nucleus in cells
17. Differentiate between flagella and cilia. (structure and function)
eukaryotic cilia and flagella are both composed of microtubules in a
sheath of plasma membrane. Both are used for locomotion of the cell,
or if in a tissue, of particles past the cell. They have the same
diameter. However, flagella are longer than cilia, occur only one to a
few per cell, and move in a wave-like or undulating motion. Cilia are
shorter, generally cover the entire surface of the cell, and move like
oars rowing a boat. Prokaryotes do NOT have cilia and their flagella is
very different in both structure and movement form eukaryotic
flagella. It will be discussed when we discuss the bacteria later in the
year.
Cell Transport Review
1. What is the key difference between passive and active transport?
Passive transport does not require energy and substances move from
high concentration of that substance to low concentration of that
substance while active transport requires energy and substances move
from low concentration of that substance to high concentration of that
substance.
2. What happens to a cell that is placed in a/an (also describe which
way water will move)
a. Isotonic solution – water will move in and out of the cell at
equal rates with no net change in volume/mass of the cell
b. Hypotonic solution – water will move into the cell and the cell
will swell and could burst if it is an animal cell; if it is a plant
cell, the cell will become turgid as the cell wall puts pressure
back on the water and prevents more from entering
c. Hypertonic solution – water will move out of the cell and the
cell will shrink; crenate if it’s an animal cell and plasmolyze if
it’s a plant cell (the membrane will pull away from the cell wall)
3. Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is the
movement f a substance from an area of high concentration to low
concentration. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion in which
WATER moves from high concentration of water to low
concentration of water. If both solute (such as salt or sugar) and
solvent (water) can move across a membrane, they will move in
opposite directions; i.e. solvent moves from hypertonic solution to
hypotonic solution while water moves from hypotonic solution to
hypertonic solution
4. Describe dynamic equilibrium. Dynamic equilibrium is when
molecules are entering and leaving a solution (cell) with no net
change in concentration (they may not be equal, but they are
entering and leaving at the same rate so there’s no apparent
change occurring)
5. Compare and contrast diffusion through a selectively permeable
membrane with diffusion in an open (fully permeable) system. When
a semipermeable membrane is involved, each substance diffuses
down its own concentration gradient IF it can pass through the
membrane. If the solutes can NOT pass through the membrane,
then water will move from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic
solution. In an open system, every substance will simply move
down its own concentration gradient until all substances are
equally dispersed.
6. Compare and contrast diffusion through a selectively permeable
membrane with facilitated diffusion. Diffusion through a selectively
permeable membrane and facilitated diffusion both occur down the
concentration gradient and neither requires energy (both forms of
passive transport), but facilitated diffusion involves a membrane
protein to move the particle across the membrane while no proteins
are involved in simple diffusion.
7. Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion with active transport
involving membrane proteins. Both facilitated diffusion and active
transport involve membrane proteins, but facilitated diffusion is
passive and requires no energy and occurs down the concentration
gradient (high to low) while active transport requires energy and
occurs against the concentration gradient (low to high).
8. Describe the role of the following membrane proteins in moving
sugar into the cell. Remember to include what is happening to ATP.
a. Proton pump – a proton pump creates a gradient down which
protons can flow into the cell; when flowing through a coupled
transport protein, they can facilitate the movement of sugar
into the cell; ATP is required to initiate the conformational
change necessary for the proton to move through the pump to
the other side
b. Sodium-potassium pump – sodium potassium pumps can also
be used to create a gradient down which sodium can flow
back into the cell and involving a coupled channel protein;
ATP is used again to initiate the conformational change that
results in the sodium being pumped out and potassium being
attracted to the pump
9. Compare and contrast:
a. Active transport involving membrane proteins with
endo/exocytosis – active transport can be used to move
molecules specific for the membrane protein into or out of the
cell, while endocytosis and exocytosis are more generalized
and take larger quantities (not a single particle) of materials
into or out of the cell; both are forms of active transport,
requiring energy from ATP and moving particles against their
concentration gradients
b. Endocytosis and exocytosis – endocytosis and exocytosis are
both forms of active transport – require ATP and move
material against its concentration gradient – and both involve
vesicles, but endocytosis moves particles into the cell and
exocytosis moves particles out of the cell
c. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis – pinocytosis and phagocytosis
are both forms of endocytosis, but pinocytosis involves the
intake of liquid (a solution) while phagocytosis involves the
intake of solids (food)
10.
What cell process may result in exocytosis after the product
leaves the Golgi? (Identify the product in your answer).
Protein synthesis (the product being a protein) may result in
exocytosis if the material being produced is to be secreted from the
cell
Make sure you review your notes and your homework/study guide sheets
to see what kind of problems you can expect to answer on the test.